Note: Intro -- Accretionary Prisms and Convergent Margin Tectonics in the Northwest Pacific Basin -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Bending-Related Topographic Structures of the Subducting Plate in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methods -- 2.1 Bathymetric Data -- 2.2 Geomagnetic Data -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Overview of the Bathymetric Features -- 3.2 Topographic Expression of the Trenches -- 3.3 Bending-Related Structures of the Oceanward Trench Slopes -- 3.3.1 Kuril Trench -- 3.3.2 Japan Trench -- 3.3.3 Izu-Ogasawara Trench -- 3.4 Magnetic Anomalies -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Strike of Bending-Related Topographic Structures -- 4.2 Topographic Expression of Bending-Related Structures -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Erosional Subduction Zonein the Northern Japan Trench: Review of Submersible Dive Reports -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Oceanward Slope Topography and Geology off Miyako -- 3 Landward Slope Topography and Geology off Miyako -- 4 Lineaments of the Oceanward and Landward Slopes off Miyako -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Boso TTT-Type Triple Junction: Formation of Miocene to Quaternary Accretionary Prisms and Present-Day Gravitational Collapse -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Sedimentation, Topography, and Plate Configuration -- 2.1 Sedimentation -- 2.2 Topographic Development of the Area from the Eastern Margin of the Sagami Trough to the Boso Triple Junction -- 2.3 Katsuura Basin and Mogi Submarine Fan in the Bando Deepsea Basin -- 2.4 Review of 3D Structure Based on Multichannel Seismic Profiles and Multibeam Echosounder Data -- 2.5 Relationship Between the Tectonic and Age Data -- 3 Diatom Analysis -- 3.1 Materials, Method, and Results -- 3.2 Diatom Biostratigraphy -- 3.2.1 Pleistocene to Holocene Samples -- 3.2.2 Middle Miocene Sample -- 3.3 Summary of Age of Samples. , 3.4 Correlation to the Marine Rocks of the Izu Forearc -- 4 Tectonic Synthesis: Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Rifting Structure of Central Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) Arc Crust: Results of Seismic Crustal Imaging -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Acquisition -- 3 Data and Modeling Procedure -- 4 Description of Velocity Images -- 4.1 Line IBr9 -- 4.2 Line IBr10 -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Structural Commonalities and Differences -- 5.2 Origin of the Arc Crust -- 5.3 History of the Rifted Crust -- 5.4 Reason for the Thin Crust in the Central Izu-Ogasawara Arc -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Seafloor Geology of the Basement Serpentinite Body in the Ohmachi Seamount (Izu-Bonin Arc) as Exhumed Parts of a Subduction Zone Within the Philippine Sea -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geologic Setting and Bathymetry -- 3 Lithology -- 3.1 Serpentinites -- 3.1.1 Massive Serpentinite -- 3.1.2 Schistose Serpentinite -- 3.2 Amphibole Schist -- 3.3 Paleogene Volcanic Rocks -- 3.4 Miocene Turbidite -- 3.5 Soft Mud Beds -- 4 Dive and Dredge Results -- 4.1 Dive 6K#341 -- 4.2 Dive 6K#570 -- 4.3 Dive 6K#571 -- 4.4 Dive 6K#575 -- 4.5 Dive 6K#608 -- 4.6 Dive 6K#609 -- 4.7 Dive 6K#610 -- 4.8 Dive 6K#1064 -- 4.9 Dive 6K#1065 -- 4.10 Dive 6K#1066 -- 4.11 Dive 6K#1067 -- 4.12 Dive 6K#1068 -- 4.13 Dredges -- 5 Interpretation of Geologic Structures -- 5.1 Serpentinite Body -- 5.2 Overlying Formations -- 6 Structural Characteristics of Sub-crustal Origins -- 7 Exhumation to the Surface -- 8 Appendix: In Situ Measurement of Geological Surface Orientation by Submersible -- References -- Petrology and Mineralogy of Mantle Peridotites from the Southern Marianas -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Description of Dredge Sites and Geological Background -- 3 Petrographic Descriptions of the Peridotites -- 4 Chemical Composition of the Minerals -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Origin of the Plagioclase-Bearing Peridotite. , 5.2 Degree of Partial Melting -- 5.3 Degree of Melt Impregnation -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Tectonics of Unusual Crustal Accretionin the Parece Vela Basin -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Oceanic Core Complexes -- 3 Crustal Accretion in the Parece Vela Basin -- 3.1 Morphology and Spreading of the Parece Vela Basin -- 3.2 Oceanic Core Complexes in the Parece Vela Basin -- 4 Mechanisms That Account for the Unusual Characteristics of the Parece Vela Basin -- 4.1 Presence of a Cold and/or Refractory Mantle Domain -- 4.2 Declining Spreading Rate During a Later Phase of the Second-Stage Spreading of the Parece Vela Basin -- 4.3 Transform Sandwich Effect -- 5 Relationships Between Mantle Thermal Anomaly, Fracture Zone Geometry, Occurrence of Oceanic Core Complexes and Spreading Rate -- 5.1 St. Paul FZ in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge -- 5.2 Australian-Antarctic Discordance in the Southeast Indian Ridge -- 5.3 Valdivia FZ in the Chile Ridge -- 6 Tectono-Magmatic Characteristics of Intra-Transform Spreading Centers in Fast-Spreading Ridges -- 7 Summary -- References -- Structural Profile and Development of the Accretionary Complex in the Nankai Trough, Southwest Japan: Results of Submersible Studies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Framework of the Accretionary Complex in the Nankai Trough and the Shionomisaki Submarine Canyon -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Structural Profile of the Nankai Accretionary Complex -- 4.1 Frontal Thrust Zone (Dive 6K#938) -- 4.2 Imbricate Thrust Zone (Dive 6K#522) -- 4.3 The Megasplay Fault Zone (6K#579, 6K#889~891): Field Observations -- 4.4 The Megasplay Fault Zone: Material Properties, Depositional Ages and Cements -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Faults in the Accretionary Complex of the Nankai Trough -- 5.2 Tectonic Deformation vs. Creeping -- 5.3 Development of the Accretionary Complex -- 5.4 Roles of Carbonate Cementation in Concentration of Fluid and Strain. , 6 Summary -- References -- Submarine Outcrop Evidence for Transpressional Deformation Within the Nankai Accretionary Prism, Tenryu Canyon, Japan -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tenryu Canyon -- 3 Outcrop Geology of Tenryu Canyon from SHINKAI 6500 -- 4 Dive-Transect Maps -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Rapid Exhumation of Subducted Sediments Along an Out-of-Sequence Thrust in the Modern Eastern Nankai Accretionary Prism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Deformed Rocks of the Tenryu Canyon -- 3 Ages of Recovered Rocks -- 4 Illite Crystallinity and Vitrinite Reflectance -- 5 Physical-Mechanical Properties of Recovered Rocks -- 6 Processes of Tectonic Burial and Rapid Exhumation in the NAP -- 6.1 Burial Conditions -- 6.2 Processes and Mechanism of Rapid Exhumation -- References -- Dark Bands in the Submarine Nankai Accretionary Prism - Comparisons with Miocene-Pliocene Onshore Examples from Boso Peninsula -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological Setting of the Study Area -- 3 Occurrence of Samples and Dark Bands -- 3.1 6K#893 R-3 -- 3.2 6K#1056 R6-2, 6K#1060 R2-1 and R2-2 -- 4 Internal Structure of the Dark Bands -- 4.1 DB-1 in 6K#893 R-3 -- 4.2 DB-2 in 6K#893 R-3 -- 4.3 6K #1056 R6-2 -- 4.4 6K#1060 R2-1 -- 4.5 6K#1060 R2-2 -- 5 Comparison with the Miura-Boso Accretionary Prism and Formation Processes and Mechanisms of the Dark Bands -- 5.1 Characteristics of the Dark Bands of the Miura-Boso Accretionary Prism -- 5.2 DB-1 in 6K#893 R-3 -- 5.3 DB-2 in 6K#893 R-3 -- 5.4 6K#1056 R6-2 -- 5.5 6K#1060 R2-1 -- 5.6 6K#1060 R2-2 -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Gas Chemistry of Pore Fluids from Oomine Ridge on the Nankai Accretionary Prism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sampling -- 3 Analysis -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Quality of Extracted Gas -- 4.2 Pore-Water Chemistry -- 4.3 Gas Chemistry of Reactive Components. , 4.4 Gas Chemistry of Nonreactive Components -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Long-Term Stability of Acoustic Benchmarks Deployed on Thick Sediment for GPS/Acoustic Seafloor Positioning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Diving Surveys -- 3 Discussions -- 4 Summary -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 -- Precambrian Greenstone Belts Host Different Ophiolite Types -- 1.1   Introduction -- 1.2   Phanerozoic Ophiolite Types -- 1.3   Geology of the Precambrian greenstone belts -- 1.3.1   Isua Supracrustal Belt -- 1.3.2   Barberton Greenstone Belt -- 1.3.3   Wawa Greenstone Belts -- 1.3.4   Jormua Complex -- 1.4   Geochemical Characteristics -- 1.5   Chemical Geodynamics of Ophiolites in the Greenstone Belts -- 1.6   Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 -- The Plume to Plate Transition: Hadean and Archean Crustal Evolution in the Northern Wyoming Province, U.S.A. -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Northern Wyoming Province -- 2.3 South Snowy Block -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 -- The Archaean Karelia and Belomorian Provinces, Fennoscandian Shield -- 3.1   Introduction -- 3.2   Geological Setting -- 3.3   Geochemistry of Granitoids and Migmatitic Amphibolites -- 3.3.1   Granitoids -- 3.3.1.1   TTGs -- 3.3.1.2   Sanukitoids -- 3.3.1.3   QQs -- 3.3.1.4   GGMs -- 3.3.2   Amphibolites in gneissic complexes -- 3.4   Greenstone Belts -- 3.4.1   Vedlozero-Segozero Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.2   Sumozero-Kenozero Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.3   Matkalahti Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.4   Kuhmo Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.5   Kostomuksha Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.6   Ilomantsi and Gemoli-Bol'shozero Greenstone Belts -- 3.4.7   Keret Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.8   Tikshozero Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.9   Central Belomorian Greenstone Belt -- 3.4.10   Chupa Paragneiss Belt -- 3.5   Radiometric Age Determinations from the Karelia Province in Finland -- 3.5.1   U-Pb -- 3.5.2   Sm-Nd -- 3.5.3   SIMS Ages on Detrital Zircon in Paragneisses -- 3.6   Lower Crustal Xenoliths -- 3.7   Metamorphism. , 3.7.1   Amphibolites and Paragneisses in the Western Karelia Subprovince -- 3.7.2   Greenstone Belts -- 3.7.3   Age of Archaean High-Grade Metamorphism -- 3.7.4   Eclogites of the Belomorian Province -- 3.7.5   Proterozoic Metamorphism -- 3.8   Palaeomagnetism -- 3.9   Discussion -- 3.9.1   Adakitic Features of TTGs -- 3.9.2   TTG Melts and PTX Relations of their Protoliths -- 3.9.3   Greenstone Belts -- 3.9.3.1   The Kuhmo Greenstone Belt-an Oceanic Plateau? -- 3.9.3.2   The Ilomantsi Greenstone Belt-a Volcanic Arc within an Attenuated Continental Margin? -- 3.9.4   The Greenstone Belts of the Belomorian Province-an Archaean Subduction System? -- 3.9.5   Supercontinent Reconstruction -- 3.9.6   Tectonic Evolution of the Karelia Province -- 3.10   Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Archaean Elements of the Basement Outliers West of the Scandinavian Caledonides in Northern Norway: Architecture, Evolution and Possible Correlation with Fennoscandia -- 4.1   Introduction -- 4.2   Geological Setting -- 4.3   Archaean Rocks of the West Troms Basement Complex -- 4.4   Archaean Rocks in the Lofoten-Vesterålen Area -- 4.5   Discussion -- 4.6   Neoarchaean Terrane Amalgamation -- 4.7   Neoarchaean Correlation with Fennoscandia -- 4.8   Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 -- A Review of the Geodynamic Significance of Hornblende-Bearing Ultramafic Rocks in the Mesoarchean Fiskenæsset Complex, SW Greenland -- 5.1   Introduction -- 5.2   Regional Geology, Metamorphism, Field Relationships, and Geochronology -- 5.3   Petrography -- 5.3.1   Northern Qeqertarssuatsiaq Ultramafic Sill -- 5.3.2   Sinarssuk -- 5.4   Geochemistry -- 5.4.1   Northern Qeqertarssuatsiaq Ultramafic Rocks -- 5.4.2   Northern Qeqertarssuatsiaq and Itise Hornblendite Veins -- 5.4.3   Sinarssuk Ultramafic Rocks. , 5.5   Implications for Archean Petrogenesis, Geodynamics and Continental Growth -- 5.5.1   Evidence for an Igneous Origin of Hornblende -- 5.5.2   Geochemical Evidence for Sub-arc Source -- 5.5.3   Growth of Archean Continental Crust -- References -- Chapter 6 -- The Precambrian Geology of the North China Craton: A Review and Update of the Key Issues -- 6.1   Introduction -- 6.2   Background -- 6.3   Configuration and Assembly of the North China Craton -- 6.3.1   Block Model for the NCC -- 6.3.2   Timing of Amalgamation -- 6.3.2.1   Why no Collision at 2.5 Ga? -- 6.3.2.2   Complex Paleoproterozoic Collisional Events -- 6.3.3   Subduction Polarity -- 6.4   Nature and Distribution of the Precambrian Rocks -- 6.4.1   Western Block -- 6.4.2   Eastern Block -- 6.4.3   Trans-North China Orogen -- 6.5   Age of the Precambrian Lithosphere -- 6.6   The Position of the North China Craton within the Precambrian Supercontinents -- 6.7   Lithospheric Thinning in the Phanerozoic -- References -- Chapter 7 -- How to Make a Continent: Thirty-five Years of TTG Research -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Constraints on TTG Production -- 7.2.1 TTGs are Similar in Composition Regardless of Age -- 7.2.2 TTGs Have High La/Yb, Sr/Y, Sr and Eu/Eu* -- 7.2.3 TTGs Decrease in Abundance Relative to Calc-alkaline Granitoids at the End of the Archean -- 7.2.4 TTGs are Not Made in Oceanic Arcs, Shallow Levels of Oceanic Plateaus or at Ocean Ridges -- 7.2.5 Oxygen Isotopes in TTG Zircons Require Interaction of TTG Sources with the Hydrosphere -- 7.2.6 The Existence of Hadean Continental Crust Inferred from Detrital Zircon Suites Remains Problematic -- 7.3 So Where Do We Go from Here? -- References -- Chapter 8 -- Recycling of Lead at Neoarchean Continental Margins -- 8.1   Introduction -- 8.2   Principles of the Pb-Pb Method. , 8.2.1   Introduction to Pb Isotopes -- 8.2.2   Evolution of Lead -- 8.2.2.1   The Holmes-Houtermans Single-Stage Model -- 8.2.2.2   Two-Stage Model of Stacey and Kramers -- 8.2.2.3   Plumbotectonic Model of Zartman and Doe -- 8.2.3   Lead Isotope Composition of K- Feldspar -- 8.2.4   Pb-Pb Mantle-Crust Mixing Lines -- 8.3   Pb Isotope Modeling -- 8.3.1   Model Source End- Members -- 8.3.2   Source Mixing Arrays -- 8.3.3   Model Lines: 2.7 Ga Isochrons -- 8.4   Testing the Model -- 8.4.1   Oceanic Island Arc setting (OIA) -- 8.4.2   Young Continental Margin Setting (YCM) -- 8.4.3   Old Continental Margin Setting (OCM) -- 8.5   Interpretation of the Modeling -- 8.6   Implications of the Model -- 8.7   Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 -- Crustal Evolution and Deformation in a Non-Plate-Tectonic Archaean Earth: Comparisons with Venus -- 9.1   The Archaean Earth -- 9.1.1   Nature of the Archaean Crust -- 9.1.2   Origins of Archaean Terrains -- 9.1.3   Origin of Cratonic Crust -- 9.1.4   Ophiolites, Oceanic Plateaux, and Greenstone Belts -- 9.1.5   Generation of Voluminous Felsic Magmas in the Absence of Abundant Water . -- 9.2   Venus-An Analogue for the Archaean Earth -- 9.2.1   Similarities and Differences between Venus and an Archaean Earth -- 9.2.2   Mantle Plumes on Venus and Earth -- 9.2.3   Upland Plateaux and Highlands on Venus-Equivalent to Early Continents or (proto-) Cratons on Earth? -- 9.2.4   Faulting and Folding on Venus -- 9.2.4.1   Plume, Intrusion, and Diapir-related Extensional Structures -- 9.2.4.2   Rifts and Regionally Extended 'Ribbon' Terrains -- 9.2.4.3   Fold Belts and Transcurrent Shear Zones on Venus -- 9.3   Horizontal Displacements on Venus-A Precursor to Plate Tectonics? -- 9.3.1   Atete Corona-Incipient Underthrusting. , 9.3.2   Shear Zone Reactivation and Refolding in Ovda Regio -- 9.3.3   SE Translation of Artemis -- 9.3.4   'Himalayan-style' Indentation and Lateral Escape in Western Ishtar Terra -- 9.3.5   Progressive 'Plate-like' Behaviour on Venus -- 9.4   The South-Eastern Superior Craton-Formation and Deformation of Archaean Juvenile Mafic-Rich Crust Without Modern Plate Tectonics -- 9.4.1   Critique of Previous Models for Subduction and Accretion -- 9.4.2   Seismic Tomographic Interpretation for Rifting of a Continuous Sub-Crustal Lithospheric Mantle Layer (and not Subduction) -- 9.4.3   Crustal Evolution of the Abitibi Subprovince -- 9.4.4   Regional Deformation of the SE Superior Province -- 9.4.4.1   Early Folding -- 9.4.4.2   Penetrative Ductile Shearing Interpreted from Enhanced Aeromagnetic Imagery -- 9.4.4.3   Regional Shear Zones Interpreted from Regional Bouguer Gravity -- 9.4.4.4   Displacement History Along Discrete Shear Zones -- 9.4.5   Comparison Between Deformation in the SE Superior Province and the Freyja Montes-Itzpapaloti Tessera Area (western Ishtar Terra), Venus -- 9.4.5.1   Geometry and Displacement along Archaean Shear Zones -- 9.4.5.2   Proterozoic Reactivation of Archaean Structures ? -- 9.5   Tectonics of Venus and the Archaean Earth -- 9.5.1   Mechanisms for Regional Shortening -- 9.5.2   Configuration of Constituent Blocks on an Archaean Earth -- 9.6   Summary and Discussion -- 9.6.1   Formation and Deformation of the SE Superior Province without Modern-Style Subduction -- 9.6.2   Implications for Mineralization -- 9.6.3   Do Late Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic Structures Reflect Ongoing Mantle Flow? -- 9.7   Conclusions -- Appendix 1 Differences between Venus and Earth -- Appendix 2 Interpretation criteria for structural interpretation of Venus radar imagery. , References.