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  • 1
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    Abundance of pteropods in the northern Svalbard from autumn 2002, 2003 & 2004 (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Abundance per volume; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; Event label; JM2002_01; JM2002_02; JM2002_03; JM2002_04; JM2002_05; JM2002_06; JM2003_01; JM2003_02; JM2003_03; JM2003_04; JM2003_05; JM2003_06; JM2003_07; JM2003_08; JM2003_09; JM2004-01; JM2004-02; JM2004-03; JM2004-04; JM2004-05; JM2004-06; JM2004-07; JM2004-08; JM2004-09; JM2004-10; JM2004-11; JM2004-12; JM2004-13; JM2004-14; JM2004-15; JM2004-16; JM2004-17; JM2004-18; JM2004-19; JM2004-20; JM2004-21; JM2004-22; JM2004-23; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Net; NET; North Atlantic Arctic Region; Taxon/taxa; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 456 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Mesozooplankton community development at elevated CO2 (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Niehoff, Barbara; Schmithüsen, Holger; Knüppel, Nadine; Daase, M; Czerny, Jan; Boxhammer, Tim (2013): Mesozooplankton community development at elevated CO2 concentrations: results from a mesocosm experiment in an Arctic fjord. Biogeosciences, 10(3), 1391-1406, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1391-2013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: The increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere caused by burning fossil fuels leads to increasing pCO2 and decreasing pH in the world ocean. These changes may have severe consequences for marine biota, especially in cold-water ecosystems due to higher solubility of CO2. However, studies on the response of mesozooplankton communities to elevated CO2 are still lacking. In order to test whether abundance and taxonomic composition change with pCO2, we have sampled nine mesocosms, which were deployed in Kongsfjorden, an Arctic fjord at Svalbard, and were adjusted to eight CO2 concentrations, initially ranging from 185 µatm to 1420 µatm. Vertical net hauls were taken weekly over about one month with an Apstein net (55 µm mesh size) in all mesocosms and the surrounding fjord. In addition, sediment trap samples, taken every second day in the mesocosms, were analysed to account for losses due to vertical migration and mortality. The taxonomic analysis revealed that meroplanktonic larvae (Cirripedia, Polychaeta, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, and Decapoda) dominated in the mesocosms while copepods (Calanus spp., Oithona similis, Acartia longiremis and Microsetella norvegica) were found in lower abundances. In the fjord copepods prevailed for most of our study. With time, abundance and taxonomic composition developed similarly in all mesocosms and the pCO2 had no significant effect on the overall community structure. Also, we did not find significant relationships between the pCO2 level and the abundance of single taxa. Changes in heterogeneous communities are, however, difficult to detect, and the exposure to elevated pCO2 was relatively short. We therefore suggest that future mesocosm experiments should be run for longer periods.
    Keywords: Acartia longiremis; Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Arctic; Bicarbonate ion; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Biological sample; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; BIOS; Bivalvia; Calanus sp., female; Calanus spp., c1; Calanus spp., c2; Calanus spp., c3; Calanus spp., c4; Calanus spp., c5; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; Cirripedia, cypris; Cirripedia, nauplii; Coast and continental shelf; Copepoda; DATE/TIME; Entire community; Euphausiidae; Experiment day; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gastropoda; Kongsfjorden; Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Arctic; Location type; Mesocosm or benthocosm; Microsetella norvegica; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oithona similis; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Polar; Polychaeta; Salinity; Sample code/label; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6544 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    EPOCA Svalbard 2010 mesocosm experiment: Fatty acid composition (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Arctic; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Coulometric titration; Entire community; EPOCA; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Fatty acids, total; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Group; Identification; Mesocosm or benthocosm; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; Polar; Potentiometric titration; Salinity; Temperature, water; Time, incubation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 38502 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Effect of ocean acidification on the fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community (2013)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Biogeosciences (BG), 10 . pp. 1143-1153.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The effect of ocean acidification on the fatty acid composition of a natural plankton community in the Arctic was studied in a large-scale mesocosm experiment, carried out in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) at 79° N. Nine mesocosms of ~50 m3 each were exposed to 8 different pCO2 levels (from natural background conditions to ~1420 μatm), yielding pH values (on the total scale) from ~8.3 to 7.5. Inorganic nutrients were added on day 13. The phytoplankton development during this 30-day experiment passed three distinct phases: (1) prior to the addition of inorganic nutrients, (2) first bloom after nutrient addition, and (3) second bloom after nutrient addition. The fatty acid composition of the natural plankton community was analysed and showed, in general, high percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): 44–60% of total fatty acids. Positive correlations with pCO2 were found for most PUFAs during phases 2 and/or 3, with the exception of 20:5n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), an important diatom marker. These correlations are probably linked to changes in taxonomic composition in response to pCO2. While diatoms (together with prasinophytes and haptophytes) increased during phase 3 mainly in the low and intermediate pCO2 treatments, dinoflagellates were favoured by high CO2 concentrations during the same time period. This is reflected in the development of group-specific fatty acid trophic markers. No indications were found for a generally detrimental effect of ocean acidification on the planktonic food quality in terms of essential fatty acids.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-1143-2013
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Mesozooplankton community development at elevated CO2 concentrations: results from a mesocosm experiment in an Arctic fjord (2013)
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Biogeosciences (BG), 10 (3). pp. 1391-1406.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere caused by burning fossil fuels leads to increasing pCO2 and decreasing pH in the world oceans. These changes may have severe consequences for marine biota, especially in cold-water ecosystems due to higher solubility of CO2. However, studies on the response of mesozooplankton communities to elevated pCO2 are yet lacking. In order to test whether abundance and taxonomic composition change with pCO2, we have sampled nine mesocosms, which were deployed in Kongsfjorden, an Arctic fjord at Svalbard, and were adjusted to eight CO2 concentrations, initially ranging from 185 μatm to 1420 μatm. Samples were taken weekly over a six-week period with an Apstein net (55 μm mesh size) in all mesocosms and the surrounding fjord. In addition, sediment trap samples, taken every second day in the mesocosms, were analyzed to account for losses due to vertical migration and mortality. The taxonomic analysis revealed that meroplanktonic larvae (cirripeds, polychaetes, bivalves, gastropod, and decapods) dominated in the mesocosms while copepods (Calanus spp., Oithona similis, Acartia longiremis and Microsetella norvegica) were found in lower abundances. In the fjord copepods prevailed for most of our study. With time, abundance and taxonomic composition developed similarly in all mesocosms; the pCO2 had no significant effect on the overall community structure. However, single taxa responded to elevated CO2 concentrations. The ratio of cirripedia nauplii to cypris larvae, the next developmental stage, in the sediment traps averaged over the entire experiment increased with pCO2 and this suggests that increased pCO2 may have delayed their development. Also, the number of bivalves, averaged over the experimental period, decreased significantly with increasing pCO2. The nature of the CO2 effect, either direct or indirect, remains open and needs to be addressed in future.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-1391-2013
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Use of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle reveals small-scale diel vertical migrations of zooplankton and susceptibility to light pollution under low solar irradiance (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-11
    Description: Light is a major cue for nearly all life on Earth. However, most of our knowledge concerning the importance of light is based on organisms’ response to light during daytime, including the dusk and dawn phase. When it is dark, light is most often considered as pollution, with increasing appreciation of its negative ecological effects. Using an Autonomous Surface Vehicle fitted with a hyperspectral irradiance sensor and an acoustic profiler, we detected and quantified the behavior of zooplankton in an unpolluted light environment in the high Arctic polar night and compared the results with that from a light-polluted environment close to our research vessels. First, in environments free of light pollution, the zooplankton community is intimately connected to the ambient light regime and performs synchronized diel vertical migrations in the upper 30 m despite the sun never rising above the horizon. Second, the vast majority of the pelagic community exhibits a strong light-escape response in the presence of artificial light, observed down to 100 m. We conclude that artificial light from traditional sampling platforms affects the zooplankton community to a degree where it is impossible to examine its abundance and natural rhythms within the upper 100 m. This study underscores the need to adjust sampling platforms, particularly in dim-light conditions, to capture relevant physical and biological data for ecological studies. It also highlights a previously unchartered susceptibility to light pollution in a region destined to see significant changes in light climate due to a reduced ice cover and an increased anthropogenic activity.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    A fish-eye view on the new Arctic lightscape (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-01
    Description: A gigantic light experiment is taking place in the Arctic. Climate change has led to substantial reductions in sea ice extent and thickness in the Arctic Ocean. Sea ice, particularly when snow covered, acts as a lid hindering light to reach the waters underneath. Less ice will therefore mean more light entering the water column, with profound effects on pelagic and benthic ecosystems. Responses through primary production are so far well acknowledged. Here we argue that there is a need to broaden the view to include light-driven effects on fish, as they depend on light to locate prey. We used the Norwegian Earth System Model estimates of past and future sea ice area and thickness in the Arctic and applied attenuation coefficients for ice and snow to estimate light intensity. The results show a dramatic increase in the amount of light predicted to reach the future Arctic Ocean. We combined this insight with mechanistic understanding of how light modulates visual prey-detection and predict that fish will forage more efficiently as sea ice diminishes and that their populations will expand to higher latitudes, at least seasonally. Poleward shifts of boreal fish species have been predicted by many and to some extent observed, but a changing light environment has so far not been considered a driver. Expanding distributions and greater visual predation may restructure ecological relationships throughout the Arctic foodweb and lead to regime shifts. Research efforts should focus on the dynamics of how less sea ice will affect the feeding ecology and habitat usage of fish, particularly the northern limits of distributions. Mechanistic approaches to these topics offer insights beyond statistical correlations and extrapolations, and will help us understand how changing biophysical dynamics in the Arctic influence complex processes including production, predator–prey interactions, trait-evolution, and fisheries.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Non-consumptive mortality in copepods: occurrence of Calanus spp. carcasses in the Arctic Ocean during winter (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-10
    Description: During a research cruise to the Arctic Ocean in January 2012, we observed high occurrence of carcasses of Calanus spp. We analysed live samples to separate living from dead individuals. In Rijpfjorden, an Arctic fjord in north-eastern Svalbard, 9–14% of the Calanus population were observed to be dead. At Sofiadjupet, an oceanic basin located at 81.4 o N at the southern edge of the Arctic Ocean, 94% of the Calanus at depth (between 300 and 2000 m) were dead. This is the first estimation of the contribution of carcasses to high Arctic copepod populations. Lipid sacs were preserved in part of the observed carcasses and the lipid sac area was significantly smaller in dead Calanus than in living individuals. We discuss possible causes for the observed mortality, its implication for population dynamics and energy transfer and review previous accounts of non-predatory mortality of marine copepods. In our case, partial consumption by predators and death after reproduction are unlikely causes of mortality, thus other stressors (starvation, environmental conditions, parasitic or viral infection) may be responsible. Our analysis shows that we have a poor understanding of factors other than predation causing mortality in copepod populations.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 9
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    Floating ice-algal aggregates below melting Arctic sea ice (2013)
    In:  EPIC3Plos One, 8(10), pp. e76599
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 10
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    Energetic costs for the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis during overwintering (2014)
    In:  EPIC3IMBER open science conference, IMBER open science conference, 2014-06-23-2014-06-27´
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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    PAPER (OA)
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