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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In-situ sediment temperature measurements and geochemical porewater data suggest highly dynamic fluid flow at Isis mud volcano, eastern Mediterranean Sea (2009)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Marine geology, Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1964, 261(2009), 1/4, Seite 128-137, 1872-6151
    In: volume:261
    In: year:2009
    In: number:1/4
    In: pages:128-137
    Description / Table of Contents: Isis mud volcano is located on the upper slope of the Nile deep-sea fan and has been described as the surface expression of a deep-seated gas chimney [Loncke, L., Gaullier, V., Mascle, J., Vendeville, B., 2002. Shallow structure of the Nile deep-sea fan: interactions between structural heritage and salt tectonics; consequences on sedimentary dispersal. In: CIESM (Ed.), Turbidite systems and deep-sea fans of the Mediterranean and the Black seas. CIESM Workshop Series. vol. 17. Monaco]. Detailed geothermal and geochemical investigations of Isis MV have been carried out during the NAUTINIL (2003) and MIMES (2004) cruises within the framework of the Euro-margins/Mediflux project. Sediment temperatures of more than 40°C at 10 m below the seafloor at the center of the mud volcano indicate an exceptionally high level of activity. Rapidly decreasing temperature gradients away from the center support the hypothesis of a dominantly axisymmetric functioning of Isis MV. The microbathymetry along dive tracks of the submersible Nautile reveals the presence of terraces and shows that the temperature gradients at shallow sediment depth follow the morphology. At the center, porewater profiles are characterized by a rapid decrease of chlorinity within the uppermost meter of the sediments, whereas the chlorinity of cores taken at short distances away is equal to bottom water values. Applying simple analytical models to the data provides evidence of recent mud volcano activity but no straightforward explanation of the observed anomalies, which points to a transient regime of variable fluid flow, possibly accompanied by episodic mud eruptions. Numerical modeling suggests that rapid cooling of the sediment column and downward progression of the sharp decrease in porewater chlorinity observed between the two cruises is related to episodic infiltration of bottom seawater into the mud.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1872-6151
    DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.003
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal activity at Hook Ridge in the Central Bransfield Basin, Antarctica (1999)
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 18 (1999), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Hydrothermal activity in the Central Bransfield Basin revealed an active low-temperature vent field on top of a submarine volcanic structure. A temperature anomaly was detected and the sea floor showed various patches of white silica (opal-A) precipitate exposures and some yellow–brown Fe-oxyhydroxide crusts. Enriched dissolved methane concentrations were encountered. Sediment was near 24°C just after the grab came on deck. No dense population of chemosynthetically based macrofauna known from other hydrothermal venting areas was present, except for pogonophora. The observations suggest that the sedimented hydrothermal field at Hook Ridge is a low-temperature end-member branch from a deeper hydrothermal source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670050080
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    Aktive Fluidaustritte im Aleutengraben, Geologie und Biologie der Cold Vents im Golf von Alaska (1997)
    Ernst & Sohn
    In:  Geowissenschaften, 15 (6). pp. 200-204.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Active fluid venting was observed for the first time along the Aleutian convergent margin during RV SONNE cruise 97. These subduction-induced cold vents were subsequently investigated in detail during cruise SO 110 in the summer of 1996 using the Canadian remotely operated vehicle, ROPOS. Active sites of dewatering were found at the youngest deformation structure adjacent to the decollement zone. High concentrations of reduced gases in the escaping fluids provide the nutritional and energy basis for the observed chemosynthetic communities in which clams and tubeworms dominate. Further evidence for fluid venting comes from the mineral precipitates of barite and carbonates.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 4
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    Hydrothermal activity at Hook Ridge in the Central Bransfield Basin, Antarctica (1999)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 18 (4). pp. 277-284.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-29
    Description: Hydrothermal activity in the Central Bransfield Basin revealed an active low-temperature vent field on top of a submarine volcanic structure. A temperature anomaly was detected and the sea floor showed various patches of white silica (opal-A) precipitate exposures and some yellow–brown Fe-oxyhydroxide crusts. Enriched dissolved methane concentrations were encountered. Sediment was near 24°C just after the grab came on deck. No dense population of chemosynthetically based macrofauna known from other hydrothermal venting areas was present, except for pogonophora. The observations suggest that the sedimented hydrothermal field at Hook Ridge is a low-temperature end-member branch from a deeper hydrothermal source.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s003670050080
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    The physicochemical habitat of Sclerolinum sp., at Hook Ridge hydrothermal vent, Bransfield Strait, Antarctica (2005)
    ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography, 50 (2). pp. 598-606.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: At Hook Ridge hydrothermal vent, a new species of Sclerolinum (Monilifera, Siboglinidae) was found at a water depth of 1,045 m. On the basis of investigations of multicores and gravity cores, the species habitat is characterized. Sclerolinum does not occur in sediments that are most strongly influenced by hydrothermal fluids, probably because of high temperature (up to 49°C) and precipitation of siliceous crusts. About 800 individuals m-2 occur in sediments that are only weakly exposed to hydrothermal flow and have the following characteristics: 20°C (15 cm sediment depth) to 21.5°C (bottom water), 18-40 cm yr-1 advection rates, pH 5.5, 〈25 µmol L-1 methane, 〈170 µmol L-1 sulfide, and 〈0.0054 mol m-2 yr-1 sulfide flux. Comparison with geochemical data from other reducing sediments indicates that the two groups of Siboglinidae, Monilifera and Frenulata, occur in sediments with low sulfide concentration and flux. In contrast, sulfurbased chemosynthetic organisms that typically occur at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps (e.g., Vestimentifera, vesicomyid clams, and bacterial mats) occur in sediments with higher sulfide availability; threshold values are around 500 µmol L-1 sulfide and 0.1 mol m-2 yr-1 sulfide fluxes. We did not find typical hydrothermal vent species at Hook Ridge hydrothermal vent, which might be explained by the unfavorable physicochemical habitat: At sites inhabited by Sclerolinum, sulfide availability appears to be too low, whereas at sites with higher sulfide availability, the temperatures might be too high, siliceous crust precipitation could preclude their occurrence, or both.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0598
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Quantifying fluid flow, solute mixing and biogeochemical turnover at cold vents of the eastern Aleutian subduction zone (1997)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61 (24). pp. 5209-5219.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-03
    Description: In situ oxygen fluxes were measured at vent sites in the Aleutian trench at a water depth of almost 5000 m using a TV-guided benthic flux chamber. The flux was 2 orders of magnitude greater than benthic oxygen fluxes in areas unaffected by venting on the continental margin off Alaska. Porewater profiles taken from the surface sediment below a vent site showed high concentrations of sulfide, methane, and ammonia. The reduced carbon and nitrogen compounds are transported to the vent site by fluids expelled from deeper anoxic sediment layers by the forces of plate convergence. The tectonically driven fluid flow was determined from the biochemical turnover in vent communities and was found to be 3.4 ± 0.5 m yr−1. A model was used to quantify the transport of silica, Ca2+, and sulfate via diffusion, advection, and bioirrigation through the surface sediments of a vent site. A nonlocal mixing coefficient of 20–30 yr−1 was determined by fitting the model curves to the measured porewater profiles showing that the transport of solutes within the near-surface sediments and across the sediment-water interface is dominated by the activity of the vent fauna. Sulfate-containing oceanic bottom water and methane-rich vent fluids were mixed below the clam colony to produce sulfide and a CaCO3 precipitate. The vent biota shape their immediate environment and control the sediment-water exchange and the benthic fluxes at vent sites. The oxygen consumption at vent sites is a major sink for oxygen at the study area.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/s0016-7037(97)00306-2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Discovery of new hydrothermal vent sites in Bransfield Strait, Antarctica (2001)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 193 (3-4). pp. 395-407.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: We carried out a search for hydrothermal vents in the Central Basin of Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. The ZAPS (zero angle photon spectrometer) chemical sensor and instrument package (Oregon State University), OFOS (ocean-floor observation system) camera sled and TVG (TV-grab) (GEOMAR) were used to explore the water column and underlying seafloor. These operations were supplemented with a series of dredges. Hydrothermal plumes over Hook Ridge at the eastern end of the basin are confined to the E ridge crest and SE flank. The plumes are complex and sometimes contain two turbidity maxima one widespread feature centered at 1150 m and a smaller, more localized but broad maximum at 600–800 m. We traced the source of the shallower plume to a sunken crater near the ridge crest using sensors on the ZAPS instrument package. Subsequently two TV-grabs from the crater brought back hot, soupy sediment (42–49°C) overlain by hard, siliceous crusts and underlain by a thick layer of volcanic ash. We also recovered chimney fragments whose texture and mineralogy indicate venting temperatures in excess of 250°C. Native sulfur and Fe-sulfides occur in fractures and porous layers in sediment from throughout the area. Pore water data from the crater site are consistent with venting into a thin sediment layer and indicate phase separation of fluids beneath Hook Ridge. The source of the deeper plumes at Hook Ridge has yet to be located. We also explored a series of three parallel volcanic ridges west of Hook Ridge called Three Sisters. We detected water column anomalies indicative of venting with the ZAPS package and recovered hydrothermal barites and sulfides from Middle Sister. We spent considerable time photographing Middle Sister and Hook Ridge but did not identify classic vent fauna at either location. We either missed small areas with our photography or typical MOR vent fauna are absent at these sites.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00536-2
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  • 8
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    In-situ sediment temperature measurements and geochemical porewater data suggest highly dynamic fluid flow at Isis mud volcano, eastern Mediterranean Sea (2009)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 261 (1/4). pp. 128-137.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-03
    Description: Isis mud volcano is located on the upper slope of the Nile deep-sea fan and has been described as the surface expression of a deep-seated gas chimney [Loncke, L., Gaullier, V., Mascle, J., Vendeville, B., 2002. Shallow structure of the Nile deep-sea fan: interactions between structural heritage and salt tectonics; consequences on sedimentary dispersal. In: CIESM (Ed.), Turbidite systems and deep-sea fans of the Mediterranean and the Black seas. CIESM Workshop Series. vol. 17. Monaco]. Detailed geothermal and geochemical investigations of Isis MV have been carried out during the NAUTINIL (2003) and MIMES (2004) cruises within the framework of the Euro-margins/Mediflux project. Sediment temperatures of more than 40 °C at 10 m below the seafloor at the center of the mud volcano indicate an exceptionally high level of activity. Rapidly decreasing temperature gradients away from the center support the hypothesis of a dominantly axisymmetric functioning of Isis MV. The microbathymetry along dive tracks of the submersible Nautile reveals the presence of terraces and shows that the temperature gradients at shallow sediment depth follow the morphology. At the center, porewater profiles are characterized by a rapid decrease of chlorinity within the uppermost meter of the sediments, whereas the chlorinity of cores taken at short distances away is equal to bottom water values. Applying simple analytical models to the data provides evidence of recent mud volcano activity but no straightforward explanation of the observed anomalies, which points to a transient regime of variable fluid flow, possibly accompanied by episodic mud eruptions. Numerical modeling suggests that rapid cooling of the sediment column and downward progression of the sharp decrease in porewater chlorinity observed between the two cruises is related to episodic infiltration of bottom seawater into the mud.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.003
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Hot vents in an ice-cold ocean: Indications for phase separation at the southernmost area of hydrothermal activity, Bransfield Strait, Antarctica (2001)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 193 (3-4). pp. 381-394.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: During the expeditions ANT-XV/2 with R/V Polarstern in 1997/98 and NBP 99-04 with R/V IB N.B. Palmer in 1999, the first samples of hydrothermally influenced sediments of Bransfield Strait were obtained at Hook Ridge, a volcanic edifice in the Central Basin of the Strait. The vent sites are characterized by white siliceous crusts on top of the sediment layer and temperatures measured immediately on deck are up to 48.5°C. The shallow depth of these vent sites (1050 m) particularly controls the chemistry of the pore fluids that are enriched in silica and sulfide and show low pH values. Chloride is depleted up to 20% and the calculated hydrothermal endmember concentration is in the range of 1–84 mM. Since other mechanisms for Cl depletion can be ruled out clearly, the composition of this fluid is attributed to phase separation. While the Cl-depleted fluid is emanating at Hook Ridge, a Cl-enriched fluid can be identified in the adjacent King George Basin. Using a p,x diagram the two corresponding endmember concentrations reveal that the phase separation takes place at subcritical conditions (total depth: ∼2500 m), probably along the whole volcanic edifice
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00535-0
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  • 10
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    Recent activity of Hakon Mosby and Isis mud volcanoes as inferred from geothermal and geochemical observations (2006)
    In:  EPIC3European Geosciences Union General Assembly 02-07 April 2006, Vienna, Austria.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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