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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tsunami modeling of a submarine landslide in the Fram Strait (2009)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2000, 10(2009), 4, 1525-2027
    In: volume:10
    In: year:2009
    In: number:4
    In: extent:9
    Description / Table of Contents: The present geological setting west of Svalbard closely parallels the situation off mid-Norway after the last glaciation, when crustal unloading by melting of ice induced very large earthquakes. Today, on the modern Svalbard margin, increasing bottom water temperatures are destabilizing marine gas hydrates, which are held in continental margin sediments consisting of interlayered contourite deposits and glacigenic debris flows. Both unloading earthquakes and hydrate failure have been identified as key factors causing several megalandslides off Norway during early Holocene deglaciation. The most prominent event was the Storegga Slide 8200 years B.P. which caused a tsunami up to 23 m high on the Faroe and Shetland islands. Here we show by numerical tsunami modeling that a smaller submarine landslide west of Svalbard, 100 m high and 130 km wide, would cause a tsunami capable of reaching northwest Europe and threatening coastal areas. A tsunami warning system based on tiltmeters would give a warning time of 1-4 h.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 9 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1525-2027
    DOI: 10.1029/2008GC002292
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Synthetic Splitting Parameters and Synthetic Lattice Preferred Orientation (LPO) derived from Edge Driven Convection and Mantle Wind Models in Madagascar (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rajaonarison, Tahiry A; Stamps, D Sarah; Fishwick, Stewart; Brune, Sascha; Glerum, Anne; Hu, Jingwen (2020): Numerical Modeling of Mantle Flow Beneath Madagascar to Constrain Upper Mantle Rheology Beneath Continental Regions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 125(2), e2019JB018560, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018560
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: We provide model outputs from "Numerical Modeling of Mantle Flow beneath Madagascar to Constrain Upper Mantle Rheology Beneath Continental Regions" submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid-Earth. The model outputs are 6 spreadsheets which contain calculated splitting parameters and TI axes or synthetic Lattice Preferred Orientations (LPO) derived from 3 regional mantle flow models in Madagascar: Edge Driven Convection (EDC) model, lithosphere-mantle wind model from Behn et al. (2004), and lithosphere-mantle wind model from Forte et al. (2010): 1. model1_splitting parameters.xlsx: calculated splitting parameters derived from Edge Driven Convection (EDC) at individual stations formatted as: Stations name, longitude [◦], latitude[◦], calculated fast azimuth φcalc[◦], calculated fast azimuth standard deviation [◦], and delay time δt [sec]. 2. model2_splitting parameters.xlsx: calculated splitting parameters derived from lithosphere-mantle wind of Behn et al. (2004) at individual stations formatted as: Stations name, longitude [◦], latitude[◦], calculated fast azimuth φcalc[◦], calculated fast azimuth standard deviation [◦], and delay time δt [sec]. 3. model3_splitting parameters.xlsx: calculated splitting parameters derived from lithosphere-mantle wind of Forte et al. (2010) at individual stations formatted as: Stations name, longitude [◦], latitude[◦], calculated fast azimuth φcalc[◦], calculated fast azimuth standard deviation [◦], and delay time δt [sec]. 4. model1_TI axis.xlsx: calculated EDC-derived TI axes at individual seismic stations and at regular grids of 0.5◦×0.5◦. The file is formatted as longitude [◦], latitude[◦], depth [km], azimuth [◦], and percentage anisotropy [%]. 5. "model2_TI axis.xlsx": calculated TI axes derived from lithosphere-mantle wind of Behn et al. (2004) at individual seismic stations and at regular grids of 0.5◦×0.5◦. The file is formatted as longitude [◦], latitude[◦], depth [km], azimuth [◦] , and percentage anisotropy [%]. 6. "model3_TI axis.xlsx": calculated TI axes derived from lithosphere-mantle wind of Forte et al. (2010) at individual seismic stations and at regular grids of 0.5◦×0.5◦. The file is formatted as longitude [◦], latitude[◦], depth [km], azimuth [◦], and percentage anisotropy [%].
    Keywords: Edge Driven Convection; seismic anisotropy; File content; File format; File name; File size; lattice preferred orientation (LPO); Madagascar; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 30 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    An 1888 Volcanic Collapse Becomes a Benchmark for Tsunami Models (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Eos: Earth & Space Science News, 48 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-11
    Description: When volcanic mountains slide into the sea, they trigger tsunamis. How big are these waves, and how far away can they do damage? Ritter Island provides some answers.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2017EO083743
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Tsunami modeling of a submarine landslide in Fram Strait (2009)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 10 (Q04009).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-14
    Description: [1] The present geological setting west of Svalbard closely parallels the situation off mid-Norway after the last glaciation, when crustal unloading by melting of ice induced very large earthquakes. Today, on the modern Svalbard margin, increasing bottom water temperatures are destabilizing marine gas hydrates, which are held in continental margin sediments consisting of interlayered contourite deposits and glacigenic debris flows. Both unloading earthquakes and hydrate failure have been identified as key factors causing several megalandslides off Norway during early Holocene deglaciation. The most prominent event was the Storegga Slide 8200 years B.P. which caused a tsunami up to 23 m high on the Faroe and Shetland islands. Here we show by numerical tsunami modeling that a smaller submarine landslide west of Svalbard, 100 m high and 130 km wide, would cause a tsunami capable of reaching northwest Europe and threatening coastal areas. A tsunami warning system based on tiltmeters would give a warning time of 1–4 h.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2008GC002292
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Aus eins mach zwei: Geodynamische Modelle beschreiben Südamerikas Trennung von Afrika (2016)
    GFZ
    In:  System Erde, 6 (2). pp. 4-9.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-31
    Description: The South American continent as we know it formed during the break-up of West Gondwana between 150 and 110 million years ago, when the South Atlantic Rift system evolved into the South Atlantic ocean. Using state-of-the-art global tectonic reconstructions in conjunction with numerical and analytical modelling, we investigate the geodynamics of rift systems as they evolve into an ocean basin. We find that rifts initially stretch very slowly along the future splitting zone, but then move apart very quickly before the onset of rupture. In case of the split between South America and Africa, the divergence rate increased from initially 5 to 7 millimetres per year to over 40 millimetres per year within few million years. Intriguingly, abrupt rift acceleration did not only occur during the splitting of West Gondwana, but also during the separation of Australia and Antarctica, North America and Greenland, Africa and South America, in the North Atlantic or the South China Sea. We elucidate the underlying process by reproducing the rapid transition from slow to fast extension using analytical and numerical modelling with constant force boundary conditions. The mechanical models suggest that the two-phase velocity behaviour is caused by a rift-intrinsic strength–velocity feedback similar to a rope that snaps when pulled apart. This mechanism provides an explanation for several previously unexplained rapid absolute plate motion changes, offering new insights into the balance of plate driving forces through time.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.2312/GFZ.syserde.06.02.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - without review
  • 6
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    Submarine landslides at the eastern Sunda margin: observations and tsunami impact assessment (2010)
    Springer
    In:  Natural Hazards, 54 (2). pp. 547-562.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Our analysis of new bathymetric data reveals six submarine landslides at the eastern Sunda margin between central Java and Sumba Island, Indonesia. Their volumes range between 1 km³ in the Java fore-arc basin up to 20 km³ at the trench off Sumba and Sumbawa. We estimate the potential hazard of each event by modeling the corresponding tsunami and its run-up on nearby coasts. Four slides are situated remarkably close to the epicenter of the 1977 tsunamigenic Sumba M w = 8.3 earthquake. However, comparison of documented tsunami run-up heights and arrival times with our modeling results neither allows us to confirm nor can we falsify the hypothesis that the earthquake triggered these submarine landslides.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-009-9487-8
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    From gradual spreading to catastrophic collapse - Reconstruction of the 1888 Ritter Island volcanic sector collapse from high-resolution 3D seismic data (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 517 . pp. 1-13.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Volcanic island flank collapses have the potential to trigger devastating tsunamis threatening coastal communities and infrastructure. The 1888 sector collapse of Ritter Island, Papua New Guinea (in the following called Ritter) is the most voluminous volcanic island flank collapse in historic times. The associated tsunami had run-up heights of more than 20 m on the neighboring islands and reached settlements 600 km away from its source. This event provides an opportunity to advance our understanding of volcanic landslide-tsunami hazards. Here, we present a detailed reconstruction of the 1888 Ritter sector collapse based on high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic and bathymetric data covering the failed volcanic edifice and the associated mass-movement deposits. The 3D seismic data reveal that the catastrophic collapse of Ritter occurred in two phases: (1) Ritter was first affected by deep-seated, gradual spreading over a long time period, which is manifest in pronounced compressional deformation within the volcanic edifice and the adjacent seafloor sediments. A scoria cone at the foot of Ritter acted as a buttress, influencing the displacement and deformation of the western flank of the volcano and causing shearing within the volcanic edifice. (2) During the final, catastrophic phase of the collapse, about 2.4 km³ of Ritter disintegrated almost entirely and travelled as a highly energetic mass flow, which incised the underlying sediment. The irregular topography west of Ritter is a product of both compressional deformation and erosion. A crater-like depression underlying the recent volcanic cone and eyewitness accounts suggest that an explosion may have accompanied the catastrophic collapse. Our findings demonstrate that volcanic sector collapses may transform from slow gravitational deformation to catastrophic collapse. Understanding the processes involved in such a transformation is crucial for assessing the hazard potential of other volcanoes with slowly deforming flanks such as Mt. Etna or Kilauea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.04.009
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Rift and plate boundary evolution across two supercontinent cycles (2019)
    Elsevier
    In:  Global and Planetary Change, 173 . pp. 1-14.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Highlights • Compilation of rifting events in the Neoproterozoic • Analysis of continental arc, continental rift and connectedness of continental lithosphere for the last 1 Ga • Two stage supercontinent cycle may better explain changes in the connectedness of continental lithosphere • Extraversion and introversion models of successive supercontinents occur on different timescales Abstract The extent of continental rifts and subduction zones through deep geological time provides insights into the mechanisms behind supercontinent cycles and the long term evolution of the mantle. However, previous compilations have stopped short of mapping the locations of rifts and subduction zones continuously since the Neoproterozoic and within a self-consistent plate kinematic framework. Using recently published plate models with continuously closing boundaries for the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic, we estimate how rift and peri-continental subduction length vary from 1 Ga to present and test hypotheses pertaining to the supercontinent cycle and supercontinent breakup. We extract measures of continental perimeter-to-area ratio as a proxy for the existence of a supercontinent, where during times of supercontinent existence the perimeter-to-area ratio should be low, and during assembly and dispersal it should be high. The amalgamation of Gondwana is clearly represented by changes in the length of peri-continental subduction and the breakup of Rodinia and Pangea by changes in rift lengths. The assembly of Pangea is not clearly defined using plate boundary lengths, likely because its formation resulted from the collision of only two large continents. Instead the assembly of Gondwana (ca. 520 Ma) marks the most prominent change in arc length and perimeter-to-area ratio during the last billion years suggesting that Gondwana during the Early Palaeozoic could explicitly be considered part of a Phanerozoic supercontinent. Consequently, the traditional understanding of the supercontinent cycle, in terms of supercontinent existence for short periods of time before dispersal and re-accretion, may be inadequate to fully describe the cycle. Instead, either a two-stage supercontinent cycle could be a more appropriate concept, or alternatively the time period of 1 to 0 Ga has to be considered as being dominated by supercontinent existence, with brief periods of dispersal and amalgamation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.11.006
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Synthesis paper Digital Twins of Planet Earth: First Draft for the General Assembly (2023)
    SynCom Helmholtz
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-31
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 10
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    Aborted propagation of the Ethiopian rift caused by linkage with the Kenyan rift (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-03
    Description: Continental rift systems form by propagation of isolated rift segments that interact, and eventually evolve into continuous zones of deformation. This process impacts many aspects of rifting including rift morphology at breakup, and eventual ocean-ridge segmentation. Yet, rift segment growth and interaction remain enigmatic. Here we present geological data from the poorly documented Ririba rift (South Ethiopia) that reveals how two major sectors of the East African rift, the Kenyan and Ethiopian rifts, interact. We show that the Ririba rift formed from the southward propagation of the Ethiopian rift during the Pliocene but this propagation was short-lived and aborted close to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. Seismicity data support the abandonment of laterally offset, overlapping tips of the Ethiopian and Kenyan rifts. Integration with new numerical models indicates that rift abandonment resulted from progressive focusing of the tectonic and magmatic activity into an oblique, throughgoing rift zone of near pure extension directly connecting the rift sectors.
    Description: This research was supported by the National Geographic Society (Grant #9976–16, P.I. G. Corti). We thank the DigitalGlobe Foundation for providing the satellite image in Fig. 3. We warmly thank Antonio Zeoli for the processing of the satellite images and Pablo Tierz for valuable discussions. Inversion of fault-slip data and volcanic alignments was obtained using Win-Tensor, a software developed by Dr. Damien Delvaux, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. D.K. is supported by NERC grant NE/ L013932. F.I.-K. is supported by the ECLIPSE Program funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. S.B. and A.G. are supported by the Helmholtz Young Investigators Group CRYSTALS (VH-NG-1132). Numerical models were conducted on HLRN cluster Konrad. The Ar/Ar laboratory at ISTO is supported by LABEX Grant “VOLTAIRE”.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 1309
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ririba Rift ; South Etiopia
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    PAPER (OA)
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