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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 47 (1975), S. 1487-1489 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 23 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In two experiments the growth of clover undersown to wheat was linearly related to the amount of light available. There were strong indications that clover growth and light within N.-S. rows were superior to those within E.-W. rows of wheat, and within N.-S. rows, those along the middle position were superior to others. The large difference between the growth of clover sown alone and with wheat indicated that beneath wheat the clover suffered from competition for other factors, probably soil moisture, which was even greater than that for light. Beneath wheat at the reduced level of growth there was a positive linear relationship between yield of clover and available light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The distribution of leaf area and light intensity within wheat crops differing in row direction, row spacing and rate of sowing is described. Regardless of the manner of planting, 75% of the total leaf area was found within a band 31/2 in. wide, centred on the centre of the row. Light penetration within crops spaced at 14 in. was greater than within those spaced at 7 in. Light penetration within rows running N.–S. was more uniform and higher, particularly around noon, than within rows running E.-W. Within N.-S. rows the position midway between rows received the highest amount of light, but light decreased on either side until it was least beneath the rows. Within E.-W. rows at 14 in. spacing, maximum light was recorded at 101/2 in. on the southern side of a row, decreasing progressively as the row was approached.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 22 (1967), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sowing pasture species with wheat caused a reduction in the growth and yield of the pasture species. This reduction was more severe with wheat drilled at 7 inch row spacing than at 14 in., and was least when the two crops were in alternate 7 in. rows. The reduction appeared to be due principally to the shade cast by the wheat. The pasture also reduced the growth and yield of wheat, but the effect of row spacing and position were opposite to and very much less marked than those of wheat on pasture. The yield of the pasture early in the following season was related to the seed yields in the year of establishment; later in the season, however, differences in yield among the various treatments disappeared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 10 (1960), S. 182-192 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Werte der Globalstrahlung wurden für 23 nordeuropäische Stationen zusammengestellt, die in einem Gebiet zwischen 51° und 61° nördlicher Breite und 5° und 30° östlicher Länge liegen. Nach Reduktion auf eine gemeinsame Periode wurden die Werte in Monatsisoplethen-Karten dargestellt. Zwei hervortretende Ergebnisse dieser Karten sind einerseits das Gebiet niedriger Strahlungswerte über dem nördlichen Westdeutschland, andrerseits das Gebiet hoher Strahlung über Südskandinavien. Diese Karten der Globalstrahlung werden benützt, um die Genauigkeit von drei bisher publizierten Schätzungen der Globalstrahlung der ganzen Welt zu überprüfen, und es kann gezeigt werden, daß für das hier untersuchte Gebiet die Karten vonBudyko (1955) und vonBlack (1956) ungefähr 3%, die vonBernhardt undPhilipps (1958) ungefähr 10% höhere Werte ergeben als die Resultate der hier benützten Meßergebnisse.
    Abstract: Résumé L'auteur a utilisé les valeurs du rayonnement global de 23 stations du Nord de l'Europe situées entre 51° et 61° de latitude Nord, et 5° et 30° de longitude Est pour les grouper en un réseau d'isoplèthes mensuelles après réduction à une période commune. Ces cartes montrent un domaine de faible rayonnement sur le Nord-Ouest de l'Allemagne et un domaine de fort rayonnement sur le Sud de la Scandinavie; elles sont en outre utilisées pour contrôler l'exactitude des estimations de trois étude d'ensemble connues à ce jour: les cartes deBudyko (1955) et deBlack (1956) présentent des valeurs supérieures de 3%, les cartes deBernhardt etPhilipps (1958) des valeurs supérieures de 10% environ au résultats des enregistrements utilisés ici.
    Notes: Summary Global radiation data were assembled for twenty-three Northern European stations, in an area bounded approximately by latitudes 51° and 61° N, and longitudes 5° and 30° W. After reduction to a common period, the data were used for the construction of isopleths of global radiation, and monthly charts are presented. Two interesting features of these charts were firstly an area of “low” radiation over western Germany, and secondly an area of “high” radiation over southern Scandinavia. The charts of global radiation were used to assess the accuracy of three published world-wide estimates of global radiation, and it was shown that over the year, the charts ofBudyko (1955) andBlack (1956) were about 3 per cent too high, and those ofBernhardt andPhilipps (1958) about 10 per cent too high, for this particular area, when compared with the isopleths derived from actual data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 7 (1956), S. 165-189 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Registrierungen der Monatswerte der Globalstrahlung auf Horizontalfläche (Q) über mindestens drei Jahre liegen für 88 Stationen vor; diese sind vorwiegend auf Nordamerika und Europa konzentriert, und es ist daher nicht möglich, auf Grund davon die gesamte Strahlungsverteilung über die Erde zu bestimmen. Es wird nun mit Hilfe der quadratischen RegressionsgleichungQ=Q A (0.803−0.340C−0.458C 2) eine Beziehung zwischen GlobalstrahlungQ und mittlerer BewölkungC aufgestellt, woQ A den Maximalwert der Globalstrahlung bei Fehlen einer Atmosphäre bedeutet und die Konstanten nachAngot und die Bewölkungsdaten nachShaw angenommen sind. Auf Grund der Verteilung vonQ A undC wurden mit Hilfe der angegebenen Gleichung für jeden Bereich von je 5° Länge und Breite über Land von je 10° über Meer die Werte der Globalstrahlung berechnet. Isoplethen der Globalstrahlung für Stufen von je 20 gcal/cm2 Tag sind in 12 Monatskarten wiedergegeben, auf denen die Strahlungsverteilung über die Erde dargestellt ist. Einige Resultate dieser Karten werden besprochen, im speziellen das Auftreten und die Verschiebung der Zonen hoher Strahlung; zudem wird für 12 Stationen eine Vergleichung zwischen der berechneten und der registrierten Strahlung durchgeführt.
    Abstract: Résumé On possède des enregistrements de 88 stations pour les sommes mensuelles du rayonnement global sur une surface horizontale (Q) pour des périodes d'au moins 3 ans. Ces stations sont concentrées essentiellement en Amérique du Nord et en Europe ce qui ne permet pas d'en déduire la répartition du rayonnement global sur toute la terre. Pour cette raison l'auteur établit, au moyen de l'équation carrée de régressionQ=Q A (0.803−0.340C−0.458C 2), une relation entre le rayonnement globalQ et la moyenne de la nébulositéC, oùQ A représente la valeur maximale du rayonnement global sans atmosphère et où les constantes sont données selonAngot, la nébulosité selonShaw. A partir de la répartition deQ et deC et à l'aide de la formule précédente l'auteur a calculé les valeurs du rayonnement global pour des surfaces de 5° de latitude et de longitude sur terre et de 10° sur mer. Des isoplèthes représentent le rayonnement global par échelons de 50 gcal/cm2 jour, sur 12 cartes mensuelles qui illustrent sa répartition sur toute la terre. L'auteur discute encore divers résultats de ces cartes, en particulier l'apparition et le déplacement des zones de fort rayonnement, et compare encore pour 12 stations les résultats obtenus par le calcul et par enregistrement.
    Notes: Summary Records of total solar radiation measured on a horizontal surface (Q) on a monthly basis and of more than three years' duration are available for 88 stations. The stations are mainly concentrated in North America and Europe, and it is not possible to determine the global distribution of radiation directly from these records. Solar radiation and mean cloud amount (C) were therefore related by the quadratic regressionQ=Q A (0.803−0.340C−0.458C 2), whereQ A is the maximum possible radiation in the absence of an atmosphere (Angot's values) and the values ofC were obtained from the maps printed inShaw's Manual of Meteorology. Using the known distribution ofQ A andC, values ofQ were calculated by use of the equation above for each 5° intersection of latitude and longitude over land, and for each 10° intersection over sea. Isopleths ofQ for each successive 50 gcal/cm2 day are shown on the 12 monthly maps on which the distribution of radiation over the earth's surface is illustrated. Attention is drawn to certain features of these maps, in particular to the occurrence and movement of zones of high radiation, and a comparison is made of estimated and recorded radiation for twelve stations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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