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  • 1
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Wound problems are common in the elderly. We hypothesized that age-related decrements in blood levels of components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system are reflected in the wound environment. In this prospective, observational study IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-2, IGF-binding protein-3, and acid labile subunit were measured by immunoassays in the wound fluid and plasma of young (23.5 ± 3.3 years) and elderly (78.9 ± 6.2 years) patients before and daily for 4 days after elective surgery. IGFs, IGFBP-3, and acid labile subunit in plasma were significantly lower in the elderly group (p 〈 0.0001). The decrements of these proteins in plasma were reflected in corresponding decrements of 25–70% in the wound fluid of elderly patients (p 〈 0.0001). Additionally, bioavailability of IGF-I was less in the aged. The IGF parameters in the wound displayed a constant ratio with those of blood, suggesting that blood contributes a major share of the IGF that enters the wound during the initial phase of healing. The current data adds to accumulating evidence that a decline in the IGF system in aged patients contributes to the healing deficits observed in the elderly. (WOUND REP REG 2002;10:360–365)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 18 (1994), S. 331-338 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le pronostic des patients présentant avec un cancer de l'oesophage continue d'être mauvais en dépit du traitement qui est le plus souvent une oesophagectomie subtotale associée à une lymphadénectomie. Cette dernière, cependant, même étendue, risque d'être insuffisante dès lors que la tumeur a atteint certaines limites. De plus, la chirurgie pour cancer de l'oesophage sans sélection des patients, est encore associée à une mortalité élevé, du moins en Europe et aux Etats Unis, certainement du fait de l'incidence élevée des états morbides en rapport avec la consommation excessive de tabac et d'alcool qui caractérise ces populations. Il est donc nécessaire d'envisager un traitement combiné, comportant souvent la radio- et chimiothérapie, pour réduire l'agressivité de la chirurgie seule. Il est démonté que le pronostic des cancers à leur début est meilleur que celui des cancers avancés. Cependant, ces cancers au début ne sont pas souvent diagnostiqués, même dans les pays et les centres où cette maladie se voit souvent. Les auteurs rapportent ici la justification des procédés diagnostiques et les modalités thérapeutiques des cancers du début.
    Abstract: Resumen El pronóstico de los pacientes que se presentan con cáncer sintomático del esófago continúa siendo pobre a pesar del tratamiento local, el cual, en la mayoría de los casos, consiste en resección local (esofagectomía subtotal) y linfadenectomía; sin embargo, aún la más extensa disección ganglionar es improbable que sea exitosa cuando el tumor se ha extendido más allá de determinados límites. Además, la cirugía para neoplasmas malignos del esófago en casos no seleccionados todavía se encuentra asociada con elevadas tasas de mortalidad, por lo menos en Europa y los Estados Unidos, lo cual se debe a una alta incidencia de enfermedad secundaria resultante de tabaquismo y alto consumo de alcohol. Por consiguiente, con el objeto de evitar cirugía inecesaria y potencialmente peligrosa, various grupos han recomendado un concepto de tratamiento quirúrgico basado en estadíos, con frecuencia combinado con radio y quimioterapia. Diversos autores han demostrado que el cáncer temprano del esófago posee un pronóstico mucho mejor que el de los tumores avanzados. Pero por otra parte, los cánceres tempranos son hallados sólo infrecuentemente en la mayoría de los centros médicos, aún en paísos con elevada insidencia de cáncer esofágico. En el presente estudia sa informa la validez de los procedimientos diagnósticos y las modalidades terapéuticas actuales para el manejo del cáncer esofágico temprano.
    Notes: Abstract Most esophageal cancers are at a fairly advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, and curative therapy is not possible. For those that are detected early, cure may be possible, particularly if there is no lymphatic spread. Radical therapeutic approaches result in increased treatmentrelated mortality, high treatment-induced morbidity, and reduced quality of life. Therefore it is one of the major targets in the treatment of esophageal cancers to classify the tumor and to perform adequate stage-related therapy. The modern diagnositic procedures, such as endoscopy, endoluminal sonography, computed tomography (CT) scanning, and endoscopic biopsy, have led to major advances in preoperative staging. Endoluminal sonography is able to predict the depth of tumor infiltration in the esophageal wall and the existence of local lymph node metastasis, whereas CT scanning demonstrates distant metastasis. Histologic classification of the tumor together with genetic and cell biologic characteristics can predict the prognosis. Currently, the best prospect for cure of early esophageal cancer is surgical resection through the abdominothoracic approach, although less radical surgical procedures such as transhiatal resection without extensive lymph node dissection seem to achieve the same results. Even less traumatic is the use of minimal invasive techniques, which certainly will be used more often in the future. For early esophageal cancers limited to the epithelium and the lamina propria, local destruction of the tumor leads to long-term survival and cure. Techniques such as endoscopic resection, laser coagulation, photodynamic laser activation and argon beam exposure have been described and seem to achieve similar results. Another conservative method for treating early esophageal tumors is radiotherapy, although it has been shown in several studies that radiochemotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone, at least in more advanced cases. In future, treating local early esophageal tumors will consist in exact preoperative staging followed by a surgical therapy that includes local excision of tumors limited to epithelium or a more aggressive approach if advanced infiltration of the esophageal wall has been proved. In these cases combined radiochemotherapy plus surgery is promising. In cases with increased operative risk the combination of local tumor destruction plus radiocheotherapy may improve the results.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: Key Words: malignant gastrinoma ; multimodality treatment ; liver transplantation ; review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 330 (1972), S. 332-347 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Peptic-Esophageal Strictures ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Lower Esophageal Sphincter ; Lower Esophagus Lined with Columnar Epithelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine peptische Stenose als Folge einer chronischen Oesophagitis entwickelt sich fast ausschließlich am Endobrachyoesophagus; derartige Entzündungen an einem regelrecht mit Plattenepithel ausgekleideten Oesophagus sind selten. Unterschieden werden müssen weiterhin Stenoseformen mit und ohne gastrooesophageaemn Reflux. Insgesamt erscheint aufgrund röntgenologischer, manometrischer und histologischer Untersuchungen am eigenen Krankengut folgende Einteilung sinnvoll. I. Peptische Oesophagusstenosen bei Insuffizienz des unteren Oesophagussphincters und gastrooesophagealem Reflux a) am Endobrachyoesophagus b) am mit Plattenepithel ausgekleideten Oesophagus. II. Peptische Oesophagusstenosen bei suffizientem unteren Oesophagussphincter mit histologisch infrastenotisch oberhalb der Kardia nachweisbar sezernierender Fundusschleimhaut. Diese Differenzierung erlaubt eine kausale operative Therapie. Bei der ersten Gruppe gilt das chirurgische Vorgehen der Wiederherstellung der Kardiafunktion. Gelingt eine sichere Refluxverhütung, kann die stenosierende Entzündung ausheilen, evtl. muß eine Bougierung der Stenose angeschlossen werden. Indikationen zur Resektion sind selten. Bei Stenoseformen der zweiten Gruppe dagegen muß eine Resektion erwogen werden.
    Notes: Summary Peptic stenosis as a result of a chronic esophagitis occurs almost exclusively at the lower esophagus lined with columnar epithelium. This sort of inflammation occurring in an esophagus with a normal stratified epithelium is not common. One should distinguish furthermore between various stenoses with and those without gastroesophageal reflux. In all as a result of X-ray, manometric and histological examinations of the material studied, the following classification appears reasonable: I. Peptic esophageal stenoses due to insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter and gastroesophageal reflux a) in the endobrachyesophagus (Barrett) b) esophagus with stratified epithelium. II. Peptic esophageal stenoses with a normal lower esophageal sphincter with a secreting fundic type of epithelium histologically demonstrable above the cardia and below the stenosis. This classification allows a causal operative therapy. The first group allows a surgical reconstruction of the cardia function. If the reflux prevention is successful, the stenotic inflammation could heal off. Sometimes a bougie is also needed. An indication for resection is not common. With stenotic forms of the second group one must consider a resection.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Anal cancer Sphincter preservation Radio-chemotherapy Cooperative German analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Five southern German university centers cooperated in comparing the effect of surgical vs. nonsurgical therapy strategies on survival and sphincter preservation in the treatment of anal cancer. A standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate retrospectively (mean follow-up 30 months) treatment strategy and outcome (survival, colostomy rate, colostomy-free survival) in patients treated between 1987 and 1996. Of the 142 patients 65% had squamous cell, 20% basaloid, 6% adeno-, and 1% undifferentiated carcinoma (8% histology not recorded); 9% were classified in UICC stage I, 37% in stage II, 25% in stage III, and 4% in stage IV (25% not recorded). Primary treatment consisted of local excision (10%), excision plus radio- and/or chemotherapy (17%), radiotherapy (20%), radio-chemotherapy (28%), or colostomy with or without resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (23%). We observed no difference between these treatment groups in overall (P=0.43) or colostomy-free survival (P=0.14, log-rank). Primary colostomy was prevented in 77% of cases and decreased over the years. Mean overall survival (in months) was 42 in stage I, 38 in stage II, and 25 in stage III (P=0.0013); mean colostomy-free survival was 36 in stage I, 26 in stage II, and 16 in stage III (P=0.0021, log-rank). Outcome was not significantly related to therapeutic strategy (surgery or radio-chemotherapy. Primary surgical and nonsurgical strategies in treating anal cancer thus produced similar results, although radio-chemotherapy is usually recommended for sphincter-endangering anal cancer. Challenges to be met in the future include the prevention of metastasis and long-term preservation of anal sphincter function.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Currently, no method allows direct and quantitative comparison of MHC-presented peptides in pairs of samples, such as transfected and untransfected, tumorous and normal or infected and uninfected tissues or cell lines. Here we introduce two approaches that use isotopically labeled reagents to ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 121 (1995), S. 235-238 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Palliative endoscopic therapy ; Small malignant gastrointestinal tumours ; Argon plasma coagulation (APC) ; Laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In endoscopy, argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a new principle of non-contact electrocoagulation and has proved to be a sufficient tool for palliative endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms, predominantly of the oesophagus and colorectum. In a study of 67 patients suffering from histologically confirmed and endosonographic T1-staged tumours of the gastrointestinum, 10 patients were selected for endoscopic APC treatment because of the impossibility of surgical therapy. Although the application was primarily of a palliative nature, in 9 of 10 cases of minor neoplasms, no further tumour could be detected in biopsies during the observation period (9.45±2.8 months). One patient was not cured locally. In none of the patients was any serious complication noticed during the outpatient follow-up. The effective results and lack of severe complications suggest this technique as an alternative therapy in selected patients with smaller gastrointestinal tumours.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: Antrum ; Human gastrointestinal epithelium ; Polarized epithelial cells ; Spheroid-like vesicles ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel procedure is described for the three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro culture and for maintaining of nontransformed gastric epithelial cells from the human antrum mucosa (HAEC). Biopsies obtained from the antrum were cut into small pieces and the tissue fragments were incubated in culture medium containing the appropriate antibiotics. The suspended mucosal fragments generated small, spheroid-like vesicles consisting of predominantly highly prismatic, mucus-producing cells which mimic the in vivo counterparts structurally and functionally. Electron microscopic investigations revealed a number of ultrastructural and morphological features similar to those of normal gastric cells in vivo such as apical microvilli associated with a glycocalyx, tight junctions, desmosomes, membraneous infoldings, mucous droplets, and an irregular basal lamina. In comparison to the two-dimensional (2-D) gastric cell cultures grown on plane supports, the vesicles maintain an intact epithelial organization of individual cells. The prismatic phenotype, the histophysiology as well as the cytoarchitecture of the non-transformed 3-D cultured gastric epithelial cells are comparable to those of the native tissue and therefore represent a suitable model for defined pathogen-host cell interactions.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 443-450 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Crohn's disease ; Perianal disease ; Anal fistula ; Perianal abscess ; Seton drainage ; Abscess recurrence ; Disease activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Perianal disease is frequent in patients with Crohn's disease, and many of these patients will eventually have abscess formation. In a prospective follow-up study, we evaluated factors influencing the occurrence and recurrence of perianal abscesses. METHODS: Of 126 consecutive patients with perianal Crohn's disease seen regularly in an outpatient clinic, 61 (48.4 percent) had at least one perianal abscess (mean follow-up, 32±17 months). In all, 110 episodes of an abscess with 145 anatomically distinct abscesses were documented. RESULTS: The occurrence of first abscesses was dependent on the type of anal fistula (ischiorectal, 73 percent; transsphincteric, 50 percent; superficial, 25 percent;P 〈 0.02). Surgical therapy consisted of seton drainage (34 percent), mushroom catheter drainage (49 percent), or incision and drainage (29 percent) and led to inactivation in all patients. Cumulative two-year recurrence rates after the first and second abscess were 54 and 62 percent, respectively. Abscess recurrence was less frequent in patients with a stoma (13 vs. 60 percent in patients without stoma after two years) and in patients with superficial anal fistulas (0 vs. 55 percent/56 percent in patients with transsphincteric/ischiorectal fistulas). Only two abscesses recurred within one year after removal of seton drainage, whereas 13 abscesses recurred with the seton still in place. Neither intestinal nor rectal activity of Crohn's disease significantly influenced the occurrence of an abscess. During the study period, only two patients developed partial stool incontinence. CONCLUSION: Development of perianal abscesses in Crohn's disease depends on the fecal stream and the anatomic type of anal fistula. Seton and catheter drainage are safe and highly effective in treatment. Long-term use of setons to prevent recurrent abscesses is not supported by our data.
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