Keywords:
Marine biodiversity.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
Biodiversity loss in terrestrial environments associated with human activities has been appreciated as a major issue for some years now. What is less well documented is the effect of such activities, including climate change, on marine biodiversity. This pioneering book is the first to address this important but neglected topic, which is likely to be the key challenge for marine scientists in the near future. Using a multidisciplinary and a holistic approach, the book reveals how climatic variability controls biodiversity at time scales ranging from synoptic meteorological events to millions of years and at spatial scales ranging from local sites to the whole ocean. It shows how global change, including anthropogenic climate change, ocean acidification and more direct human influences such as exploitation, pollution and eutrophication may alter biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and regulating and provisioning services. The author proposes a theory termed the 'macroecological theory on the arrangement of life', which explains how biodiversity is organized and how it responds to climatic variability and anthropogenic climate change. The book concludes with recommendations for further research and theoretical development to identify oceanic areas in need of observation and gaps in current scientific knowledge. Many references and comparisons with the terrestrial realm are included in all chapters to better understand the universality of the relationships between biodiversity, climate and the environment. The book will serve as a textbook for all students and researchers of marine science and environmental change, but will also be accessible to the more general reader.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (519 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781136462863
Series Statement:
Earthscan Oceans Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1864738
DDC:
577.6
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Biodiversity from the land to the ocean -- 1.2 Classification and census of marine biodiversity -- 1.3 Organisation of the book -- PART I Natural environmental variability and marine biodiversity -- 2 Large-scale hydro-climatic variability -- 2.1 The composition and structure of the atmosphere -- 2.2 The earth radiation budget -- 2.3 The thermal engine -- 2.4 Main climatic regions -- 2.5 The oceanic hydrosphere -- 2.6 Hydro-climatic variability -- 3 Large-scale biogeographic patterns -- 3.1 Biogeography: from the terrestrial to the marine realm -- 3.2 Primary compartments of the marine ecosphere -- 3.3 Ecogeographic patterns -- 4 Large-scale biodiversity patterns -- 4.1 The search for a primary cause -- 4.2 Neutral and null models or theories -- 4.3 The area hypothesis -- 4.4 History -- 4.5 Hypotheses based on fundamental processes -- 4.6 The climatic influence -- 4.7 Temperature -- 4.8 Environmental hypotheses -- 4.9 Evolutionary rate -- 4.10 Biotic interactions -- 5 Marine biodiversity through time -- 5.1 Palaeoclimatic changes -- 5.2 Natural causes of extinction -- 5.3 Natural contemporaneous changes -- 5.4 Is climate the primary factor? -- 6 Temperature and marine biodiversity -- 6.1 Temperature from the origin of the universe to early life -- 6.2 Basics and first principles -- 6.3 Effects of temperature at the physiological level -- 6.4 Influence of temperature at the species level -- 6.5 Thermal influence at the community level -- PART 2 Marine biodiversity changes in the Anthropocene -- 7 Biodiversity and anthropogenic climate change -- 7.1 Human alteration of the greenhouse effect and the radiative budget of the planet -- 7.2 Increase in global air and sea surface temperature -- 7.3 Species responses to anthropogenic climate change.
,
7.4 Community/ecosystem response to climate change -- 7.5 Anthropogenic climate change and natural hydro-climatic variability -- 8 Marine biodiversity and ocean acidification -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Anthropogenic acidification -- 8.3 Effects of acidification on biodiversity -- 8.4 Limitations of past studies on ocean acidification -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 9 Biodiversity and direct anthropogenic effects -- 9.1 Exploitation of marine biodiversity -- 9.2 Pollution -- 9.3 Nutrient enrichment and eutrophication -- 9.4 Oxygen depletion -- 9.5 Introduction and invasion of exotic species -- 9.6 UV-B radiation -- 9.7 Tourism -- 9.8 Extinction -- 9.9 Interactive effects -- 10 Marine biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, services and human well-being -- 10.1 Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning -- 10.2 Biodiversity changes and ecosystem goods and services -- 10.3 Potential effects of changes in marine biodiversity for global biogeochemistry -- 10.4 Potential feedbacks -- PART 3 Theorising and scenarising biodiversity -- 11 Theorising and scenarising biodiversity -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The concept of the ecological niche -- 11.3 Rationale of the METAL theory -- 11.4 The METAL theory -- 11.5 Strength and assumptions of the METAL theory -- 11.6 Limits to predictions in the context of global change -- 11.7 Scenarising biodiversity -- 12 Conclusions -- 12.1 A macroscopic approach -- 12.2 Global monitoring -- 12.3 Towards a unifying ecological theory -- References -- Index -- Colour Plates.
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