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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Conrad Rise as an obstruction to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (2008)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Geophysical research letters, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 1974, 35(2008), 1944-8007
    In: volume:35
    In: year:2008
    In: extent:6
    Description / Table of Contents: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) carries water freely around the whole continent of Antarctica, but not without obstructions. Some, such as the Drake Passage, constrict its path, while others, such as mid-ocean ridges, may induce meandering in the current's cores and may cause the genesis of mesoscale turbulence. It has recently been demonstrated that some regions that are only relatively shallow may also have a major effect on the flow patterns of the ACC. This is here shown to be particularly true for the Conrad Rise. Using the trajectories of surface drifters, altimetry and the simulated velocities from a numerical model, we show that the ACC bifurcates at the western side of this Rise. In this process it forms two intense jets at the two meridional extremities of the Rise with a relatively stagnant water body over the Rise itself. Preliminary results from a recent cruise provide compelling support for this portrayal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 6 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1944-8007
    URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GL035382/epdf
    DOI: 10.1029/2008GL035382
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in the inter-island environment of the Prince Edward Islands (Southern Ocean) (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 593-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Variability in the oceanographic parameters and macrozooplankton and micronekton composition, densities and distributional patterns were investigated during a repeat survey conducted between the Prince Edward Islands in April 1998. Results of this study demonstrated the occurrence of pronounced water pulses along the inter-island trench. The location of the Subantarctic Front to the north of the island plateau, through its interactions with the island group, appeared to have a marked effect on the mesoscale dynamics of physical and biological parameters between and around the islands. Seawater temperature and salinity accounted for 〉40% of the variation in the zooplankton distribution during the trench studies. A total of 41 macroplankton and micronekton taxa, consisting of subantarctic, subtropical and Antarctic species, were identified. Numerical analyses revealed two major groupings of stations corresponding to an offshore and inshore region. Although there was no evidence for quantitative differences in macroplankton densities between the inshore surveys, offshore plankton biomass was at least three- to eightfold higher than during the trench surveys. The importance of water pulses in carrying stocks of large plankton between the islands appeared to be minimal, at least during the time when the investigation took place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000125
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical-biological coupling in the waters surrounding the Prince Edward Islands (Southern Ocean) (1999)
    Springer
    Polar biology 21 (1999), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The results of a macro-scale oceanographic survey conducted in the upstream and downstream regions of the Prince Edward Islands in austral autumn (April/May) 1989 are presented. During the investigation, the Subantarctic Front, upstream of the islands, was shown to lie initially south at 46°38′S, while downstream, the front remained in a northern position of approximately 46°S. Surface expressions of the front show that the Subantarctic Front forms a zonal band, while the subsurface expressions (200 m) show a distinct meander in both regions. In the upstream region of the islands, the northern branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subantarctic Front, influenced by the shallow bathymetry, was deflected around the northern edge of the islands. Water masses in this region were shown to modify gradually from Subantarctic Surface Water (7°C, 33.75) to Antarctic Surface Water (5°C, 33.70) as the Polar Frontal Zone was crossed. Downstream of the islands a wake was formed resulting in the generation of broad, cross-frontal meanders. As a consequence, warm Subantarctic Surface Water from north of the Subantarctic Front was advected southwards across the Polar Frontal Zone, while cooler waters, which had been modified in the transitional band of the Polar Frontal Zone, were advected northwards. In the downstream region a warm eddy consisting of Subantarctic Surface Water was observed. Its generation is possibly due to baroclinic instabilities in the meandering wake. Zooplankton species composition and distribution patterns during the investigation were consistent with the prevailing oceanographic regime. Four distinct groupings of stations were identified by numerical analysis. These corresponded to stations found north of the Subantarctic Front, within the warm eddy, located in the Polar Frontal Zone, and those stations associated with the meander. The groupings were separated by the Subantarctic Front, which appears to represent an important biogeographic boundary to the distribution of warm-water zooplankton species. Warm eddies in the downstream region of the islands may represent an effective mechanism for transporting warm water species across the Subantarctic Front.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050344
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plankton community structure in the physical environment surrounding the Prince Edward Islands (Southern Ocean) (1999)
    Springer
    Polar biology 22 (1999), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The results are presented of a macroscale physical and biological oceanographic survey conducted during the second Marion Island Offshore Study in the upstream and downstream regions of the Prince Edward Islands in the austral autumn (April/May) 1997. Upstream of the islands, the Sub-Antarctic Front appeared to combine with the Antarctic Polar Front to form an intensive frontal feature. Closer to the islands, the fronts appeared to separate. Influenced by the shallow topography of the southwest Indian ridge, the Sub-Antarctic Front was steered northwards around the islands while the Antarctic polar front appeared to meander eastwards, where it was again encountered in the southeastern corner of the survey grid. Downstream of the islands, an intensive cold-core eddy within the Polar Frontal Zone was observed. Its exact genesis is unknown but it is possibly generated by instabilities within the meandering Antarctic polar front as its surface signature was characteristic of Antarctic surface water masses found south of the Antarctic polar front. The cold-core eddy appeared to displace the sub-Antarctic front northwards. South of the eddy, a warm patch of sub-Antarctic surface water was observed; its position appeared to be controlled by the meandering Antarctic Polar Front which lay on either side of this feature. No distinct microphytoplankton groupings could be distinguished by numerical analyses, although four distinct zooplankton groupings were identified. These corresponded to the sub-Antarctic surface waters, Antarctic surface waters and the polar frontal zone waters. The fourth grouping comprised those stations where the lowest zooplankton abundances during the entire investigation were recorded and, as a consequence, does not reflect any spatial patterns. These results suggest that the species composition and distribution of plankton in the vicinity of the islands were consistent with the prevailing oceanographic regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050404
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Kenntnis der neurologischen Erkrankungen nach Tetanusserumbehandlung (1938)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 147 (1938), S. 163-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wird über 5 Fälle von Serumkrankheit nach Tetanusantitoxinanwendung berichtet, die mit neurologischen Komplikationen verbunden waren. Bei 4 der Fälle handelt es sich um das typische Bild neuritischer Lähmung des oberen Armplexus. 2. Bei einem Fall wurde eine Lähmung der Peronaeusgruppe, verbunden mit dem Auftreten spinaler Zeichen, beobachtet, ein atypisches Bild, wie es bisher in der deutschen Literatur noch nicht beschrieben wurde. 3. Zwei im akuten Stadium beobachtete Fälle zeigten einen positiven Ausfall der Citochol- und Meinicke-Klärungsreaktion. Da kein Anhaltspunkt für eine latente Lues bestand, wird ein unspezifisch positiver Ausfall im Sinne einer „Labilitätsreaktion“ angenommen. 4. Auf die versicherungsrechtliche Bedeutung der bleibenden Schäden nach Serumtherapie wird hingewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01784339
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    Exploitation of mesoscale oceanographic features by grey-headed albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma in the southern Indian Ocean (2001)
    InterResearch
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 217 . pp. 15-26.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Breeding grey-headed albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma, tracked from Marion Island (Prince Edward Islands) during November-December 1997 and January-February 1998, showed a strong association with mesoscale oceanographic features, as identified by sea surface height anomalies, in the southern Indian Ocean. During incubation, most birds foraged to the north of the island, at the edges of anomalies created by the Agulhas Return Current in the Subtropical Convergence and the Subantarctic zones. In contrast, during chick-rearing all tracked birds foraged to the southwest of the island, at the edges of anomalies along the South-West Indian Ridge. Previous work in this area has shown that these anomalies are in fact eddies that are created as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current crosses the South-West Indian Ridge. Diet samples taken during the chick-rearing period showed a predominance of fresh specimens of the predatory fish Magnisudis prionosa and the squid Martialia hyadesi. Myctophid fish and amphipods Themisto gaudichaudii, both known prey of M. hyadesi, were also well represented in our samples. Diet samples taken from tracked birds showed birds feeding at edges of positive anomalies returning with fresh specimens of M. prionosa and M. hyadesi. Predatory fish and squid are thus presumably concentrated at these features. Eddies formed at the South-West Indian Ridge have also been shown to drift closer to Marion Island, within the foraging range of penguins and seals breeding on Marion Island. We therefore suggest that these mesoscale oceanographic features may be an important component of the Œlife-support¹ system enabling globally significant populations of seabirds and seals to breed at the Prince Edward Islands.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps217015
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Unknown
    Evidence of a southward eddy corridor in the South-West Indian ocean (2015)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 119 . pp. 69-76.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Mesoscale eddies and meanders have been shown to be one of the dominant sources of flow variability in the world's ocean. One example of an isolated eddy hotspot is the South-West Indian Ridge (SWIR). Several investigations have shown that the SWIR and the corresponding planetary potential vorticity field (f/H) exert a strong influence on the location and dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), resulting in substantial fragmentation of the jets downstream of the ridge. The easterly extension of this eddy corridor appears to be restricted to the deep channel separating the Conrad Rise from the Del Cano and Crozet Plateau. However, while the fate of eddies formed at the SWIR has been widely investigated and the frontal character of this eastward extension is well known, the zone of diminishing variability that extends southwards to approximately 60°S remains poorly sampled. Using a combination of Argo, AVISO and NCEP/NCAR datasets, the character of this eddy corridor as a conduit for warm core eddies to move across the ACC into the Antarctic zone is investigated. In this study, we track a single warm-core eddy as it moves southwards from an original position of 31°E, 50°20'S to where it dissipates 10 months later in the Enderby Basin at 56°20'S. An Argo float entrained within the eddy confirms that its water masses are consistent with water found within the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone north of the APF. Latent and sensible heat fluxes are on average 8W/m2 and 10W/m2 greater over the eddy than directly east of this feature. It is estimated that the eddy lost an average of 5W/m2 of latent heat and 5W/m2 of sensible heat over a 1-year period, an amount capable of melting approximately 0.92m of sea ice. In addition, using an eddy tracking algorithm a total of 28 eddies are identified propagating southwards, 25 of which are anti-cyclonic in rotation. Based on the new Argo float data, combined with AVISO and NCEP/NCAR datasets, these results suggest that the southward passage of warm-core eddies act as vehicles transporting heat, salt and biota southwards across the ACC and into the eastern boundary of the Weddell gyre.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.05.012
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Unknown
    The Marine Ecosystem of the Sub-Antarctic, Prince Edward Islands (2012)
    InTech
    In:  In: Marine Ecosystems. , ed. by Cruzado, A. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, pp. 61-76. ISBN 978-953-51-0176-5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-12
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5772/36676
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 9
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    The Conrad Rise as an obstruction to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (2008)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 35 (20). L20606.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-08
    Description: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) carries water freely around the whole continent of Antarctica, but not without obstructions. Some, such as the Drake Passage, constrict its path, while others, such as mid-ocean ridges, may induce meandering in the current's cores and may cause the genesis of mesoscale turbulence. It has recently been demonstrated that some regions that are only relatively shallow may also have a major effect on the flow patterns of the ACC. This is here shown to be particularly true for the Conrad Rise. Using the trajectories of surface drifters, altimetry and the simulated velocities from a numerical model, we show that the ACC bifurcates at the western side of this Rise. In this process it forms two intense jets at the two meridional extremities of the Rise with a relatively stagnant water body over the Rise itself. Preliminary results from a recent cruise provide compelling support for this portrayal.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2008GL035382
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    The South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and Mesoscale Eddies in the First GO‐SHIP Section at 34.5ºS (2021)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has considerable impacts on the global climate system. Past studies have shown that changes in the South Atlantic control the stability of the AMOC and drive an important part of its variability. That is why significant resources have been invested in a South (S)AMOC observing system. In January 2017, the RV Maria S. Merian conducted the first GO‐SHIP hydrographic transect along the SAMOC‐Basin Wide Array (SAMBA) line at 34.5°S in the South Atlantic. This paper presents estimates of meridional volume, freshwater (MFT), and heat (MHT) transports through the line using the slow varying geostrophic density field and direct velocity observations. An upper and an abyssal overturning cell are identified with a strength of 15.64 ± 1.39 Sv and 2.4 ± 1.6 Sv, respectively. The net northward MHT is 0.27 ± 0.10 PW, increasing by 0.12 PW when we remove the observed mesoscale eddies with a climatology derived from the Argo floats data set. We attribute this change to an anomalous predominance of cold core eddies during the cruise period. The highest velocities are observed in the western boundary, within the Brazil and the Deep Western Boundary currents. These currents appear as a continuous deep jet located 150 km off the slope squeezed between two cyclonic eddies. The zonal changes in water masses properties and velocity denote the imprint of exchange pathways with both the Southern and the Indian oceans. Key Points: ● Overturning maximum is 15.64 ± 1.39 Sv; Meridional heat and freshwater transport are 0.27 ± 0.10 PW and 0.23 ± 0.02 Sv, respectively ● Excluding the mesoscale eddies from the section increased the meridional heat transport by 0.12 PW ● The distribution of water masses and currents reflects the favorable position of the section for observing
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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