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  • 1
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    The East Greenland Spill Jet as an important component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 92 . pp. 75-84.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Highlights: • Mooring observations show the East Greenland Spill Jet to be ubiquitous. • It is fed by classical DSOW in Denmark Strait, shelf water, and Irminger Sea water. • Its transport is similar to the classical DSOW plume. • It is the origin of a large fraction of the water in the Labrador Sea Water density range. Abstract: The recently discovered East Greenland Spill Jet is a bottom-intensified current on the upper continental slope south of Denmark Strait, transporting intermediate density water equatorward. Until now the Spill Jet has only been observed with limited summertime measurements from ships. Here we present the first year-round mooring observations demonstrating that the current is a ubiquitous feature with a volume transport similar to the well-known plume of Denmark Strait overflow water farther downslope. Using reverse particle tracking in a high-resolution numerical model, we investigate the upstream sources feeding the Spill Jet. Three main pathways are identified: particles flowing directly into the Spill Jet from the Denmark Strait sill; particles progressing southward on the East Greenland shelf that subsequently spill over the shelfbreak into the current; and ambient water from the Irminger Sea that gets entrained into the flow. The two Spill Jet pathways emanating from Denmark Strait are newly resolved, and long-term hydrographic data from the strait verifies that dense water is present far onto the Greenland shelf. Additional measurements near the southern tip of Greenland suggest that the Spill Jet ultimately merges with the deep portion of the shelfbreak current, originally thought to be a lateral circulation associated with the sub-polar gyre. Our study thus reveals a previously unrecognized significant component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation that needs to be considered to understand fully the ocean׳s role in climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: video
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.06.002
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    On the origin and propagation of Denmark Strait overflow water anomalies in the Irminger Basin (2015)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120 (3). pp. 1841-1855.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-26
    Description: Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) supplies the densest contribution to North Atlantic Deep Water and is monitored at several locations in the subpolar North Atlantic. Hydrographic (temperature and salinity) and velocity time series from three multiple-mooring arrays at the Denmark Strait sill, at 180 km downstream (south of Dohrn Bank) and at a further 320 km downstream on the east Greenland continental slope near Tasiilaq (formerly Angmagssalik), were analyzed to quantify the variability and track anomalies in DSOW in the period 2007-2012. No long-term trends were detected in the time series, while variability on time scales from interannual to weekly was present at all moorings. The hydrographic time series from different moorings within each mooring array showed coherent signals, while the velocity fluctuations were only weakly correlated. Lagged correlations of anomalies between the arrays revealed a propagation from the sill of Denmark Strait to the Angmagssalik array in potential temperature with an average propagation time of 13 days, while the correlations in salinity were low. Entrainment of warm and saline Atlantic Water and fresher water from the East Greenland Current (via the East Greenland Spill Jet) can explain the whole range of hydrographic changes in the DSOW measured downstream of the sill. Changes in the entrained water masses and in the mixing ratio can thus strongly influence the salinity variability of DSOW. Fresh anomalies found in downstream measurements of DSOW within the Deep Western Boundary Current can therefore not be attributed to Arctic climate variability in a straightforward way
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2014JC010397
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Spatial and temporal structure of the Denmark Strait Overflow revealed by acoustic observations (2007)
    Springer
    In:  Ocean Dynamics, 57 (2). pp. 75-89.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-07
    Description: In spite of the fundamental role the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays for global climate stability, no direct current measurement of the Denmark Strait Overflow, which is the densest part of the AMOC, has been available until recently that resolve the cross-stream structure at the sill for long periods. Since 1999, an array of bottom-mounted acoustic instruments measuring current velocity and bottom-to-surface acoustic travel times was deployed at the sill. Here, the optimization of the array configuration based on a numerical overflow model is discussed. The simulation proves that more than 80% of the dense water transport variability is captured by two to three acoustic current profilers (ADCPs). The results are compared with time series from ADCPs and Inverted Echo Sounders deployed from 1999 to 2003, confirming that the dense overflow plume can be reliably measured by bottom-mounted instruments and that the overflow is largely geostrophically balanced at the sill.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s10236-007-0101-x
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Significant role of the North Icelandic Jet in the formation of Denmark Strait overflow water (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 4 (10). pp. 723-727.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-23
    Description: The Denmark Strait overflow water is the largest dense water plume from the Nordic seas to feed the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Its primary source is commonly thought to be the East Greenland Current. However, the recent discovery of the North Icelandic Jet—a deep-reaching current that flows along the continental slope of Iceland—has called this view into question. Here we present high-resolution measurements of hydrography and velocity north of Iceland, taken during two shipboard surveys in October 2008 and August 2009. We find that the North Icelandic Jet advects overflow water into the Denmark Strait and constitutes a pathway that is distinct from the East Greenland Current. We estimate that the jet supplies about half of the total overflow transport, and infer that it is the primary source of the densest overflow water. Simulations with an ocean general circulation model suggest that the import of warm, salty water from the North Icelandic Irminger Current and water-mass transformation in the interior Iceland Sea are critical to the formation of the jet. We surmise that the timescale for the renewal of the deepest water in the meridional overturning cell, and its sensitivity to changes in climate, could be different than presently envisaged.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1234
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Variability of the Denmark Strait overflow: Moored time series from 1996–2011 (2012)
    AGU
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117 (C12). C12003.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-23
    Description: The Denmark Strait overflow provides about half of the total dense water overflow from the Nordic Seas into the North Atlantic Ocean. The velocity of the overflow has been monitored in the Strait with two moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers since 1996 with several interruptions due to mooring losses or instrument failure. So far, overflow transports were only calculated when data from both moorings were available. In this work, we introduce a linear model to fill gaps in the time series when data from only one instrument is available. The mean overflow transport is 3.4 Sv and exhibits a variance of 2.0 Sv2. No significant trend was detected in the time series. The highest variability in the transport is associated with the passage of mesoscale eddies with time scales of 2–10 days (associated with a variance of 1.5 Sv2). Seasonal variability is weak and explains less than 5% of the variance in all time series, which is in contrast to the strong seasonal cycle found in high resolution model simulations. Interannual variability is on the order of 10% of the mean. A relation to atmospheric forcing such as the local wind stress curl, as well as to larger scale phenomena, e.g. the North Atlantic Oscillation, is not detected. Since 2005 data from moored temperature, conductivity and pressure recorders have been available as well, monitoring the hydrographic variability at the bottom of Denmark Strait. In recent years the temperature time series of the Denmark Strait overflow revealed a cooling, while the salinity stayed nearly constant.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2012JC008244
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Ocean circulation causes the largest freshening event for 120 years in eastern subpolar North Atlantic (2020)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation is important to the climate system because it carries heat and carbon northward, and from the surface to the deep ocean. The high salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic is a prerequisite for overturning circulation, and strong freshening could herald a slowdown. We show that the eastern subpolar North Atlantic underwent extreme freshening during 2012 to 2016, with a magnitude never seen before in 120 years of measurements. The cause was unusual winter wind patterns driving major changes in ocean circulation, including slowing of the North Atlantic Current and diversion of Arctic freshwater from the western boundary into the eastern basins. We find that wind-driven routing of Arctic-origin freshwater intimately links conditions on the North West Atlantic shelf and slope region with the eastern subpolar basins. This reveals the importance of atmospheric forcing of intra-basin circulation in determining the salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Water velocity profiles in the transect Slétta from LADCP from several cruises (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Description: This dataset contains water velocity profile measurements collected in the Slétta transect north of Iceland, during 9 cruises ranging from 2009 to 2018: RV Bjarni Saemundsson B10/2009, B1/2011, B2/2012, B1/2013, B7/2015, and B11/2017; RV Håkon Mosby HM201618, RV Kristine Bonnevie KB2018614 and Knorr KN203-2 (2011). Velocities were measured using an upward- and downward-facing lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) system mounted on the rosette. The LADCP data were processed using the LADCP Processing Software Package from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Thurnherr 2010, 2018). Following the processing, the barotropic tides were removed from the velocity data set by applying an updated version of the regional tidal model of Egbert and Erofeeva (2002), which has a resolution of 1/60°.
    Keywords: B1/2011; B1/2011_52; B1/2011_53; B1/2011_55; B1/2011_56; B1/2011_57; B1/2011_58; B1/2011_59; B1/2013; B1/2013_66; B1/2013_67; B1/2013_68; B1/2013_69; B1/2013_70; B1/2013_71; B1/2013_72; B1/2013_73; B1/2013_74; B10/2009; B10/2009_572; B10/2009_573; B10/2009_574; B10/2009_575; B10/2009_576; B10/2009_577; B10/2009_578; B10/2009_579; B10/2009_580; B10/2009_581; B10/2009_582; B10/2009_583; B10/2009_584; B10/2009_585; B10/2009_586; B11/2017; B11/2017_777; B11/2017_778; B11/2017_779; B11/2017_780; B11/2017_781; B11/2017_782; B11/2017_783; B11/2017_784; B11/2017_785; B2/2012; B2/2012_76; B2/2012_77; B2/2012_78; B2/2012_79; B2/2012_80; B2/2012_81; B2/2012_82; B2/2012_83; B7/2015; B7/2015_453; B7/2015_454; B7/2015_455; B7/2015_456; B7/2015_457; B7/2015_458; B7/2015_459; B7/2015_460; B7/2015_461; Bjarni Saemundsson; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; DATE/TIME; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, water; Event label; Håkon Mosby; HM2016618; HM2016618_889; HM2016618_890; HM2016618_891; HM2016618_892; HM2016618_893; HM2016618_894; HM2016618_895; HM2016618_896; HM2016618_897; HM2016618_898; HM2016618_899; HM2016618_900; HM2016618_901; HM2016618_902; HM2016618_903; HM2016618_904; HM2016618_905; HM2016618_906; HM2016618_907; KB2018614; KB2018614_615; KB2018614_617; KB2018614_618; KB2018614_619; KB2018614_620; KB2018614_621; KB2018614_622; KB2018614_623; KB2018614_624; KB2018614_625; KB2018614_626; KB2018614_627; KB2018614_628; KB2018614_629; KB2018614_630; KB2018614_631; KB2018614_632; KN203-2; KN203-2_152; KN203-2_153; KN203-2_154; KN203-2_155; KN203-2_156; KN203-2_157; KN203-2_158; KN203-2_159; KN203-2_160; KN203-2_161; KN203-2_162; KN203-2_163; KN203-2_164; KN203-2_165; KN203-2_166; KN203-2_167; KN203-2_168; KN203-2_169; KN203-2_170; KN203-2_171; KN203-2_172; KN203-2_173; KN203-2_174; Knorr; Kristine Bonnevie; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP); MULT; Multiple investigations
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 23974 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Water velocity profiles in the transect Langanes-NE from LADCP from several cruises (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Keywords: B1/2011; B1/2011_60; B1/2011_61; B1/2011_62; B1/2011_63; B1/2011_64; B1/2011_65; B1/2011_66; B1/2011_67; B1/2011_68; B1/2011_70; B1/2011_71; B1/2011_72; B1/2011_74; B1/2013; B1/2013_76; B1/2013_77; B1/2013_78; B1/2013_79; B1/2013_80; B1/2013_81; B1/2013_82; B1/2013_83; B1/2013_84; B1/2013_85; B1/2013_86; B1/2013_87; B10/2009; B10/2009_587; B10/2009_588; B10/2009_589; B10/2009_590; B10/2009_591; B10/2009_592; B10/2009_593; B10/2009_594; B10/2009_595; B10/2009_596; B10/2009_597; B10/2009_598; B10/2009_599; B10/2009_600; B10/2009_601; B10/2009_602; B11/2017; B11/2017_789; B11/2017_790; B11/2017_791; B11/2017_792; B11/2017_793; B11/2017_794; B11/2017_795; B11/2017_796; B11/2017_797; B11/2017_798; B11/2017_799; B11/2017_800; B11/2017_801; B2/2012; B2/2012_84; B2/2012_85; B2/2012_86; B2/2012_87; B2/2012_88; B2/2012_89; B2/2012_90; B2/2012_91; B2/2012_92; B2/2012_93; B2/2012_94; B2/2012_95; B7/2015; B7/2015_427; B7/2015_441; B7/2015_442; B7/2015_443; B7/2015_444; B7/2015_445; B7/2015_446; B7/2015_447; B7/2015_448; B7/2015_449; B7/2015_450; B7/2015_451; B7/2015_452; Bjarni Saemundsson; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; DATE/TIME; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, water; Event label; Håkon Mosby; HM2016618; HM2016618_876; HM2016618_877; HM2016618_878; HM2016618_879; HM2016618_880; HM2016618_881; HM2016618_882; HM2016618_883; HM2016618_884; HM2016618_885; HM2016618_886; HM2016618_887; HM2016618_888; KB2018614; KB2018614_597; KB2018614_598; KB2018614_599; KB2018614_600; KB2018614_601; KB2018614_602; KB2018614_604; KB2018614_605; KB2018614_606; KB2018614_607; KB2018614_608; KB2018614_609; KN203-2; KN203-2_175; KN203-2_176; KN203-2_177; KN203-2_178; KN203-2_179; KN203-2_180; KN203-2_181; KN203-2_182; KN203-2_183; KN203-2_184; KN203-2_185; KN203-2_186; KN203-2_187; KN203-2_188; KN203-2_189; KN203-2_190; KN203-2_191; KN203-2_192; KN203-2_193; KN203-2_194; Knorr; Kristine Bonnevie; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP); MULT; Multiple investigations; North Atlantic
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 34590 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Water velocity profiles in the transect Kolbeinsey Ridge from LADCP from several cruises (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Keywords: B7/2015; B7/2015_471; B7/2015_472; B7/2015_473; B7/2015_474; B7/2015_475; B7/2015_476; B7/2015_477; B7/2015_478; B7/2015_479; B7/2015_480; B7/2015_481; B7/2015_482; B7/2015_483; B7/2015_484; B7/2015_485; B7/2015_486; B7/2015_487; B7/2015_488; B7/2015_489; B7/2015_490; B7/2015_491; B7/2015_492; Bjarni Saemundsson; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; DATE/TIME; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, water; Event label; KB2018614; KB2018614_633; KB2018614_634; KB2018614_635; KB2018614_636; KB2018614_637; KB2018614_638; KB2018614_639; KB2018614_640; KB2018614_641; KB2018614_642; KB2018614_643; KB2018614_644; KB2018614_645; KB2018614_646; KB2018614_647; KB2018614_648; KB2018614_649; KB2018614_650; KB2018614_651; KB2018614_652; KB2018614_653; KB2018614_654; KN203-2; KN203-2_108; KN203-2_109; KN203-2_110; KN203-2_111; KN203-2_112; KN203-2_113; KN203-2_114; KN203-2_115; KN203-2_116; KN203-2_117; KN203-2_118; KN203-2_119; KN203-2_120; KN203-2_121; KN203-2_122; KN203-2_123; KN203-2_124; KN203-2_125; KN203-2_127; KN203-2_128; KN203-2_129; KN203-2_130; KN203-2_131; KN203-2_132; KN203-2_133; KN203-2_134; KN203-2_135; KN203-2_143; KN203-2_144; KN203-2_145; KN203-2_146; KN203-2_147; KN203-2_148; KN203-2_149; KN203-2_150; KN203-2_151; Knorr; Kristine Bonnevie; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 19650 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Water velocity profiles in the transect Slétta from LADCP from several cruises (2019)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Keywords: B1/2011; B1/2011_52; B1/2011_53; B1/2011_55; B1/2011_56; B1/2011_57; B1/2011_58; B1/2011_59; B1/2013; B1/2013_66; B1/2013_67; B1/2013_68; B1/2013_69; B1/2013_70; B1/2013_71; B1/2013_72; B1/2013_73; B1/2013_74; B10/2009; B10/2009_572; B10/2009_573; B10/2009_574; B10/2009_575; B10/2009_576; B10/2009_577; B10/2009_578; B10/2009_579; B10/2009_580; B10/2009_581; B10/2009_582; B10/2009_583; B10/2009_584; B10/2009_585; B10/2009_586; B11/2017; B11/2017_777; B11/2017_778; B11/2017_779; B11/2017_780; B11/2017_781; B11/2017_782; B11/2017_783; B11/2017_784; B11/2017_785; B2/2012; B2/2012_76; B2/2012_77; B2/2012_78; B2/2012_79; B2/2012_80; B2/2012_81; B2/2012_82; B2/2012_83; B7/2015; B7/2015_453; B7/2015_454; B7/2015_455; B7/2015_456; B7/2015_457; B7/2015_458; B7/2015_459; B7/2015_460; B7/2015_461; Bjarni Saemundsson; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Current velocity, east-west; Current velocity, north-south; DATE/TIME; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, water; Event label; Håkon Mosby; HM2016618; HM2016618_889; HM2016618_890; HM2016618_891; HM2016618_892; HM2016618_893; HM2016618_894; HM2016618_895; HM2016618_896; HM2016618_897; HM2016618_898; HM2016618_899; HM2016618_900; HM2016618_901; HM2016618_902; HM2016618_903; HM2016618_904; HM2016618_905; HM2016618_906; HM2016618_907; KB2018614; KB2018614_615; KB2018614_617; KB2018614_618; KB2018614_619; KB2018614_620; KB2018614_621; KB2018614_622; KB2018614_623; KB2018614_624; KB2018614_625; KB2018614_626; KB2018614_627; KB2018614_628; KB2018614_629; KB2018614_630; KB2018614_631; KB2018614_632; KN203-2; KN203-2_158; KN203-2_159; KN203-2_160; KN203-2_161; KN203-2_162; KN203-2_163; KN203-2_164; KN203-2_165; KN203-2_166; KN203-2_167; KN203-2_168; KN203-2_169; KN203-2_170; KN203-2_171; KN203-2_172; Knorr; Kristine Bonnevie; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP); MULT; Multiple investigations
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22828 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
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