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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic transient generation by holmium-laser-induced cavitation bubbles (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5007-5013 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The acoustic effects of free-running 2.12 μm Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG laser pulses delivered in water are studied. Laser pulses of 10 to 1200 mJ energy and 230 μs duration (full width at half-maximum) are used. Delivery fiber diameters of 200–600 μm are investigated. Combined fast flash video imaging and needle probe hydrophone pressure sensing are used. The experimental results show that the laser-induced water vapor bubbles can generate strong acoustic transients at the bubble collapse several hundreds of μs after the start of the laser pulse. Pressures of up to 3600 bar are measured. Above a laser fluence threshold of 40 J/cm2 the pressure amplitude increases sharply, reaching a maximum value between 100 and 200 J/cm2. At higher fluences up to more than 1000 J/cm2, the pressure amplitude is found to decrease again. A two-phase mechanism is proposed to describe the complex bubble dynamics generated by the free-running pulses: The isotropic expansion of an initially superheated water volume is followed by a continuous ablation phase. The results suggest a mechanism of possible unwanted acoustic damage during Holmium laser medical applications in a liquid environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357212
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation process induced by nanosecond laser pulses (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 2644-2646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A fiber-optic stress sensing technique is applied to evaluate the fragmentation mechanism induced by nanosecond laser pulses. We demonstrate that fragmentation is achieved in response to the shock induced by the laser initiated plasma expansion. This shock is followed by a second shock of similar magnitude observed some hundreds of microseconds later, which originates from the collapse of the induced cavitation bubble. The strength of this second shock is able to induce further fragmentation of the target. This is in contrast to the fragmentation process observed with microsecond pulses where the shock induced by the cavitation bubble collapse is the governing phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108095
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation process induced by microsecond laser pulses during lithotripsy (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 258-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A fiber optic stress sensing technique is applied to evaluate the fragmentation mechanism for pulsed dye-laser lithotripsy. We demonstrate for the first time that the fragmentation process with microsecond laser pulses originates from the shock wave induced by the cavitation bubble collapse. This shock occurs some hundreds of microseconds after the laser pulse. The shock induced by the plasma expansion, which occurs during laser irradiation, has a minor effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107961
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of cavitation in the fragmentation process of extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptors (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2596-2598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fragmentation mechanism occurring in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is investigated using a fiber optic stress sensing technique. With our technique, we demonstrate that cavitation is a major cause of fragmentation in ESWL procedures. When a target is placed in the operating area of the lithotriptor, two shock waves are detected. The first detected shock wave corresponds to the incoming shock wave generated by the lithotriptor. The second shock wave, detected some hundreds of microseconds later, is generated in situ. It results from the collapse of a cavitation bubble, formed by the reflection of the incoming shock wave at the target boundary. This cavitation induced shock wave generates the largest stress in the target area according to our stress sensing measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111537
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence and treatment of insomnia in general practice (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 242 (1993), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Insomnia ; General practice ; Benzodiazepine prescribing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the study was to assess prevalence and treatment modalities of insomnia in general practice. To investigate the course of insomnia, a longitudinal study design was adopted. Two thousand five hundred and twelve patients (age 18–65 years) were investigated with a questionnaire in general practice (T1). Four months later (T2) and again 2 years later (T3) a questionnaire was sent to all patients who had complained about severe insomnia at the time of the first inquiry. To assess insomnia, operationalized diagnostic criteria were applied (DSM-III-R). Eighteen point seven percent suffered from severe, 12.2% suffered from moderate and 15% suffered from mild insomnia. In the course of 2 years insomnia appeared as a chronic health problem. A high comorbidity of severe insomnia was found with chronic somatic and psychiatric disorders, especially with depression. Of the severely insomniac patients, 23.9% used prescribed hypnotics habitually, mainly benzodiazepines. The use of prescribed hypnotics remained rather stable during the whole study period. More than half of the patients reported a daily use of the hypnotics for 1–5 years or longer, but only 22% of the severely insomniac patients reported at the time of the third inquiry a significant improvement of insomnia due to the administration of sleeping pills. Thus, the long-term administration of benzodiazepine hypnotics seems to be an inadequate treatment strategy in chronic insomnia. Whether the occurrence of rebound insomnia after benzodiazepine withdrawal may be one of the main factors for chronic hypnotic use requires discussion. Although insomnia may be an important symptom of many somatic and psychiatric disorders, the general practitioner was unaware in more than half of the cases that the patients suffered from a sleep problem. Severe insomniac patients displayed a higher mean number of medical consultations compared with good sleepers or patients with mild insomnia, indicating that insomnia constitutes a significant burden for the primary care physicians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190245
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of a 1.48 μm diode Laser system in Assisted reproduction (1999)
    Springer
    Reproduktionsmedizin 15 (1999), S. 45-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-808X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Diodenlaser ; Assisted Hatching ; Präimplantationsdiagnostik ; Spermienimmobilisation ; Kryokonservierung ; Key words Diode laser ; Assisted hatching ; Preimplantation genetic diagnosis ; Immobilisation of spermazoa ; Cryopreservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The recent introduction of a 1.48-μm diode laser system has brought a new stimulus to the field of laser-assisted reproduction. This objective-delivered laser can be applied in a noncontact working mode with extreme precision using conventional microscope and culture systems. A major application is the fast and efficient opening of the zona pellucida. In the field of assisted hatching, the use of this laser has enhanced the pregnancy rates for certain patient groups. Further, laser-assisted opening of the zona pellucida facilitates the removal of polar bodies or blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. The precise openings allow for the use of blunt-ended, flame-polished aspiration needles, which greatly reduces the risk of damage to the embryo or the biopsied cells. Further modes of application of the diode laser system are the immobilisation of spermatozoa and the cryopreservation of spermazoa in empty, cell-free zona pellucida. This makes the laser technique and especially the diode laser system a versatile tool, which will be soon an essential part of assisted reproduction techniques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung der Lasertechnik im Bereich der assistierten Reproduktion hat in den letzten Jahren durch die Einführung des 1.48 μm Diodenlasers eine Renaissance erfahren. Dieser Laser arbeitet in einem kontaktfreien Verfahren und kann sehr präzise mit allen gebräuchlichen Kultursystemen eingesetzt werden. Eine der Hauptapplikationen ist die schnelle und effiziente Eröffnung der Zona pellucida. Gerade beim Assisted Hatching wurde mit diesem Laser bei bestimmten Patientengruppen eine verbesserte Schwangerschaftsrate beobachtet. Darüber hinaus ist die laser-unterstützte Eröffnung der Zona pellucida insbesondere bei der Durchführung der Präimplantationsdiagnostik ein Garant für die schnelle und sichere Entnahme von Polkörperchen und Blastomeren. Da die präzisen Öffnungen den Gebrauch von stumpfen, feuer-polierten Biopsiekapillaren erlauben, werden mögliche Verletzungen der Embryonen und der biopsierten Zellen ausgeschlossen. Weitere Einsatzbereiche des Diodenlasers zeichnen sich bei der Immobilisation von Spermien und bei der Kryokonservierung einzelner Spermatozoen in zellfreien Zona pellucida-Hüllen ab. Damit kommt der Lasertechnik und insbesondere dem Diodenlaser aufgrund der vielseitigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten in zunehmendem Maße ein bedeutender Stellenwert bei der ART zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004440050055
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  • 7
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    TESSIN VISLab-laboratory for scientific visualization (2014)
    In:  Environmental Earth Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Challenges and strategies for the visual exploration of complex environmental data (2017)
    In:  International Journal of Digital Earth
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In this opinion paper, we, a group of scientists from environmental-, geo-, ocean- and information science, argue visual data exploration should become a common analytics approach in Earth system science due to its potential for analysis and interpretation of large and complex spatio-temporal data. We discuss the challenges that appear such as synthesis of heterogeneous data from various sources, reducing the amount of information and facilitating multidisciplinary, collaborative research. We argue that to fully exploit the potential of visual data exploration, several bottlenecks and challenges have to be addressed: providing an efficient data management and an integrated modular workflow, developing and applying suitable visual exploration concepts and methods with the help of effective and tailored tools as well as generating and raising the awareness of visual data exploration and education. We are convinced visual data exploration is worth the effort since it significantly facilitates insight into environmental data and derivation of knowledge from it.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Roadmap Tiefe Geothermie für Deutschland I Handlungsempfehlungen für Politik, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft für eine erfolgreiche Wärmewende (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-09
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Roadmap for Deep Geothermal Energy for Germany: Recommended Actions for Policymakers, Industry and Science for a Successful Heat Transition (2022)
    Fraunhofer-Einrichtung für Energieinfrastrukturen und Geothermie IEG Fraunhofer-Institut für Umwelt-, Sicherheits- und Energietechnik UMSICHT Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik IBP
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-13
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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