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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 2772-2775 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In atomic force microscopy cantilevers are used to detect forces caused by interactions between probing tip and sample. The minimum forces which can be detected with commercial sensors are typically in the range of 10−12 N. In the future, the aim will be to construct sensors with improved sensitivities to detect forces in the range of 10−18 N. These sensors could be used for mass spectroscopy or magnetic resonance force microscopy. Achieving this goal requires smaller sensors and increased quality factor Q. In this article we describe a model to characterize the dynamics of cantilevers of each eigenmode. In contrast to previous models, the damping is treated rigorously in the calculations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 8724-8735 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general theory of the electronic relaxation of an S state complexed paramagnetic metal ion (Mn2+, Gd3+) in solution is developed. Contrarily to the usual assumption, the electronic relaxation is not only due to the effects of the transient zero field splitting, but is strongly influenced by the static crystal field effect which is modulated by the random Brownian rotation of the complex. The electron paramagnetic resonance measured linewidths of three Gd3+ (S=7/2) complexes at various temperatures and fields [D. H. Powell et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 9333 (1996)] are well interpreted in the framework of this model and show the contributions of both mechanisms. The fitted crystal field parameters, the correlation times, and the activation energies are in good agreement with their expected values from the underlying processes. Moreover, our interpretation does not require the addition of any field independent contribution to the linewidth like the spin-rotation mechanism. The longitudinal relaxation function is well approximated using a single relaxation time, whereas the transverse relaxation function is a superposition of four decreasing exponentials. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 7554-7563 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The time correlation functions of the electronic spin components of a metal ion without orbital degeneracy in solution are computed. The approach is based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a stochastic perturbing Hamiltonian which is simulated by a Monte Carlo algorithm using discrete time steps. The perturbing Hamiltonian is quite general, including the superposition of both the static mean crystal field contribution in the molecular frame and the usual transient ligand field term. The Hamiltonian of the static crystal field can involve the terms of all orders, which are invariant under the local group of the average geometry of the complex. In the laboratory frame, the random rotation of the complex is the only source of modulation of this Hamiltonian, whereas an additional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is needed to describe the time fluctuations of the Hamiltonian of the transient crystal field. A numerical procedure for computing the electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra is proposed and discussed. For the [Gd(H2O)8]3+ octa-aqua ion and the [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]− complex [DOTA=1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo dodecane] in water, the predictions of the Redfield relaxation theory are compared with those of the Monte Carlo approach. The Redfield approximation is shown to be accurate for all temperatures and for electronic resonance frequencies at and above X-band, justifying the previous interpretations of EPR spectra. At lower frequencies the transverse and longitudinal relaxation functions derived from the Redfield approximation display significantly faster decays than the corresponding simulated functions. The practical interest of this simulation approach is underlined. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report the transient optical pump-probe reflectivity measurements on single and double layer cuprate single crystals and thin films of ten different stoichiometries. We find that with sufficiently low fluence the relaxation time ( $\tau_{R})$ of all samples exhibits a power law divergence with temperature $(T): \tau_{R} \propto T^{-3 \pm 0.5}$ . Further, the divergence has an onset temperature above the superconducting transition temperature for all superconducting samples. Possible causes of this divergence are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.16.Ch; 07.79.-v; 06.60.Ei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: -17  N/ were achieved at room temperature, which is a considerable improvement over commercial cantilevers. Mechanisms which determine Q-factors are discussed briefly. Quantitative understanding of MRFM is absolutely necessary. Calculations of the magnetic field and field gradients for several types of permanent magnets are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-01-03
    Description: ICON-A is the new icosahedral nonhydrostatic (ICON) atmospheric general circulation model in a configuration using the Max Planck Institute physics package, which originates from the ECHAM6 general circulation model, and has been adapted to account for the changed dynamical core framework. The coupling scheme between dynamics and physics employs a sequential updating by dynamics and physics, and a fixed sequence of the physical processes similar to ECHAM6. To allow a meaningful initial comparison between ICON-A and the established ECHAM6-LR model, a setup with similar, low resolution in terms of number of grid points and levels is chosen. The ICON-A model is tuned on the base of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) experiment aiming primarily at a well balanced top-of atmosphere energy budget to make the model suitable for coupled climate and Earth system modeling. The tuning addresses first the moisture and cloud distribution to achieve the top-of-atmosphere energy balance, followed by the tuning of the parameterized dynamic drag aiming at reduced wind errors in the troposphere. The resulting version of ICON-A has overall biases, which are comparable to those of ECHAM6. Problematic specific biases remain in the vertical distribution of clouds and in the stratospheric circulation, where the winter vortices are too weak. Biases in precipitable water and tropospheric temperature are, however, reduced compared to the ECHAM6. ICON-A will serve as the basis of further development and as the atmosphere component to the coupled model, ICON-Earth system model (ESM). Key Points: - Physics package for climate modeling is coupled to a nonhydrostatic dynamical core - Tuning in five steps to obtain a balanced net radiation at top of atmosphere - Overall biases of ICON-A are comparable to ECHAM6.3, but circulation biases remain due to problems with parameterized drag
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-01-03
    Description: We evaluate the new icosahedral nonhydrostatic atmospheric (ICON-A) general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology that is flexible to be run at grid spacings from a few tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers. A simulation with ICON-A at a low resolution (160 km) is compared to a not-tuned fourfold higher-resolution simulation (40 km). Simulations using the last release of the ECHAM climate model (ECHAM6.3) are also presented at two different resolutions. The ICON-A simulations provide a compelling representation of the climate and its variability. The climate of the low-resolution ICON-A is even slightly better than that of ECHAM6.3. Improvements are obtained in aspects that are sensitive to the representation of orography, including the representation of cloud fields over eastern-boundary currents, the latitudinal distribution of cloud top heights, and the spatial distribution of convection over the Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent. Precipitation over land is enhanced, in particular at high-resolution ICON-A. The response of precipitation to El Niño sea surface temperature variability is close to observations, particularly over the eastern Indian Ocean. Some parameterization changes lead to improvements, for example, with respect to rain intensities and the representation of equatorial waves, but also imply a warmer troposphere, which we suggest leads to an unrealistic poleward mass shift. Many biases familiar to ECHAM6.3 are also evident in ICON-A, namely, a too zonal SPCZ, an inadequate representation of north hemispheric blocking, and a relatively poor representation of tropical intraseasonal variability. Key Points: - Article presents evaluation of atmosphere component of new ICON Earth system model - The new MPI atmospheric ICON-A model partly outperforms ECHAM6.3 - ICON-A is flexible to be run at grid spacings from a few tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-12-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-12-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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