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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Research on Geotechnical Engineering, Remote Sensing, Geophysics and Earthquake Seismology : Proceedings of the 1st MedGU, Istanbul 2021 (Volume 3) (2024)
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Geotechnical engineering. ; Geophysics. ; Engineering geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section 1. Geological Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering and Geoenvironment -- Section 2. Geo-Informatics, Remote Sensing and Geohazards -- Section 3. Applied & Theoretical Geophysics -- Section 4. Earthquake Seismology and Geodesy -- Section 5. Numerical and Analytical Methods in Mining Sciences and Geomechanics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXXIX, 468 p. 335 illus., 308 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    ISBN: 9783031432187
    Series Statement: Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43218-7
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43218-7
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Late glacial to Holocene water level and climate changes in the Gulf of Gemlik, Sea of Marmara: evidence from multi-proxy data (2017)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 37 (5). pp. 501-513.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Multi-proxy analyses of new piston core M13-08 together with seismic data from the Gulf of Gemlik provide a detailed record of paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes with special emphasis on the timing of the connections between the Sea of Marmara (SoM) and the Gulf of Gemlik during the late Pleistocene to Holocene. The deposition of a subaqueous delta sourced from the Armutlu River to the north is attributed to the lowstand lake level at −60 m in the gulf prior to 13.5 cal ka BP. On the basis of the seismic data, it is argued that the higher lake level (−60 m) in the gulf compared to the SoM level (−85 m) attests to its disconnection from the SoM during the late glacial period. Ponto-Caspian assemblages in the lacustrine sedimentary unit covering the time period between 13.5 and 12 cal ka BP represent a relict that was introduced into the gulf by a Black Sea outflow during the marine isotope stage 3 interstadial. Contrary to the findings of previous studies, the data suggest that such an outflow into the Gulf of Gemlik during the late glacial period could have occurred only if the SoM lake level (−85 m) was shallower than the sill depth (−55 m) of the gulf in the west. A robust age model of the core indicates the connection of the gulf with the marine SoM at 12 cal ka BP, consistent with the sill depth (−55 m) of the gulf on the global sea level curve. Strong evidence of a marine incursion into the gulf is well documented by the μ-XRF Sr/Ca data. The available profiles of elemental ratios in core M13-08, together with the age-depth model, imply that a warm and wet climate prevailed in the gulf during the early Holocene (12–10.1 cal ka BP), whereas the longest drought occurred during the middle Holocene (8.2–5.4 cal ka BP). The base of the main Holocene sapropel in the gulf is dated at 10.1 cal ka BP, i.e., 500 years younger than its equivalent in the SoM. The late Holocene is earmarked by warm and wet climate periods (5.0–4.2 and 4.2–2.7 cal ka BP) with some brief cold/dry periods (4.2 and 2.7–0.9 cal ka BP).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s00367-017-0498-2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Multidisciplinary investigation on cold seeps with vigorous gas emissions in the Sea of Marmara (MarsiteCruise): Strategy for site detection and sampling and first scientific outcome (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 153 . pp. 36-47.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: MarsiteCruise was undertaken in October/November 2014 in the Sea of Marmara to gain detailed insight into the fate of fluids migrating within the sedimentary column and partially released into the water column. The overall objective of the project was to achieve a more global understanding of cold-seep dynamics in the context of a major active strike-slip fault. Five remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives were performed at selected areas along the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults. To efficiently detect, select and sample the gas seeps, we applied an original procedure. It combines sequentially (1) the acquisition of ship-borne multibeam acoustic data from the water column prior to each dive to detect gas emission sites and to design the tracks of the ROV dives, (2) in situ and real-time Raman spectroscopy analysis of the gas stream, and (3) onboard determination of molecular and isotopic compositions of the collected gas bubbles. The in situ Raman spectroscopy was used as a decision-making tool to evaluate the need for continuing with the sampling of gases from the discovered seep, or to move to another one. Push cores were gathered to study buried carbonates and pore waters at the surficial sediment, while CTD-Rosette allowed collecting samples to measure dissolved-methane concentration within the water column followed by a comparison with measurements from samples collected with the submersible Nautile during the Marnaut cruise in 2007. Overall, the visited sites were characterized by a wide diversity of seeps. CO2- and oil-rich seeps were found at the westernmost part of the sea in the Tekirdag Basin, while amphipods, anemones and coral populated the sites visited at the easternmost part in the Cinarcik Basin. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates and bacterial mats were widespread on the seafloor at all sites with variable size and distributions. The measured methane concentrations in the water column were up to 377 μmol, and the dissolved pore-water profiles indicated the occurrence of sulfate depleting processes accompanied with carbonate precipitation. The pore-water profiles display evidence of biogeochemical transformations leading to the fast depletion of seawater sulfate within the first 25-cm depth of the sediment. These results show that the North Anatolian Fault and inherited faults are important migration paths for fluids for which a significant part is discharged into the water column, contributing to the increase of methane concentration at the bottom seawater and favoring the development of specific ecosystems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.03.006
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea) (2017)
    Elsevier
    In:  Heliyon, 3 (5). e00301.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: The boundary between the African and Arabian plates in the Southern Red Sea region is displaced inland in the northern Afar rift, where it is marked by the Red Sea-parallel Erta Ale, Alaita, and Tat Ali volcanic ridges. The Erta Ale is offset by about 20 and 40 km from the two en echelon ridges to the south. The offset area is highly seismic and marked by a depression filled by lake Afrera, a saline body of water fed by hydrothermal springs. Acoustic bathymetric profiles show ≈80 m deep canyons parallel to the NNW shore of the lake, part of a system of extensional normal faults striking parallel to the Red Sea. This system is intersected by oblique structures, some with strike-slip earthquakes, in what might evolve into a transform boundary. Given that the lake’s surface lies today about 112 m below sea level, the depressed (minus ≈190 m below sea level) lake’s bottom area may be considered the equivalent of the “nodal deep” in slow-slip oceanic transforms. The chemistry of the lake is compatible with the water having originated from hydrothermal liquids that had reacted with evaporites and basalts, rather than residual from evaporation of sea water. Bottom sediments include calcitic grains, halite and gypsum, as well as ostracod and diatom tests. The lake’s level appears to have dropped by over 10 m during the last ≈50 years, continuing a drying up trend of the last few thousand years, after a “wet” stage 9,800 and 7,800 years before present when according to Gasse (1973) Lake Afrera covered an area several times larger than at present. This “wet” stage corresponds to an early Holocene warm-humid climate that prevailed in Saharan and Sub Saharan Africa. Lake Abhé, located roughly 250 km south of Afrera, shows similar climate-driven oscillations of its level.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    Format: other
    DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Did the A.D. 365 Crete earthquake/tsunami trigger synchronous giant turbidity currents in the Mediterranean Sea? (2016)
    GSA, Geological Society of America
    In:  Geology, 44 (3). pp. 191-194.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: In the Ionian Sea, one of the most seismically active regions in the Mediterranean, subduction is commonly associated with uplift of coastal mountains, enhanced erosion, and seismic activity along the Calabrian Arc and Hellenic Arc, thus potentially resulting in repetitive mass failures. Some of the turbidites observed in the deep basins are thick and prominent on seismic records because of the acoustic transparency of their upper structureless mud layer. Our high-resolution study of the most recent of these megabeds, the homogenite Augias turbidite (HAT), provides key proxies to identify pelagic sediments deposited following the catastrophic causative event. Radiometric dating in an area 〉150,000 km2 indicates that the different Mediterranean so-called homogenite deposits are in fact synchronous and were deposited during a single basin-wide event within the time window A.D. 364–415. Unlike interpretations that relate this turbidite to different triggering events, including the Santorini caldera collapse, the turbidite can be traced back to a large tsunami sourced from the A.D. 365 Crete megathrust earthquake. Correlation of the single-event HAT over a wide area of the Mediterranean, from the northern Ionian Sea to the Mediterranean Ridge and the anoxic Tyro Basin south of Crete, suggests that the A.D. 365 Crete earthquake and tsunami must have produced devastating effects, including widespread massive sediment remobilization in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1130/G37486.1
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Fluid flow, deformation rates and the submarine record of major earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara, along the North-Anatolian Fault system (2018)
    Elsevier
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 153 . pp. 4-16.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: The submerged portions of the North-Anatolian Fault (NAF) in the Sea of Marmara and the NE-Aegean Sea are sites of large magnitude earthquakes, that leave diagnostic geological “signatures” in the sedimentary record in the form of mass-wasting deposits, turbidites, and fluid and gas escape features. This is due to the interplay of seismic-shaking, mass- and turbidity flows, sediment resuspension and fluids circulation in relatively small sub-basins with a complex paleo-oceanography, steep slopes, high rates of deformation, and diffuse fault-controlled gas and fluid seeps. To unravel the complex interrelations of these phenomena during earthquake cycles, we carried out paleoseismological studies at several key locations. Here, we report results of these studies, carried out onboard the R/V Urania over a decade, starting soon after the Mw 7.4, 1999 İzmit earthquake. Our work included high resolution mapping of active faults through multibeam bathymetry and high resolution seismic reflection profiles, multi-parameter analysis of sediment cores, as well as seafloor observations using sensors mounted on remotely-operated vehicles (ROV). The main objectives were to map active faults, determine slip-rates and earthquake recurrence times along major fault strands, and assess connections between fault deformation and fluid activity. We mapped fault geometry in the gulfs of İzmit, Gemlik and Saros, showing the trans-tensive nature of these depressions. The average slip-rates for the last ~ 10 ka was found to be 10 mm/y in the gulfs of İzmit and Saros, at the eastern and the western ends of the NAF northern strand, and 3–4 mm/yr in the Gulf of Gemlik, along the middle strand of the NAF. These rates, integrated over 10 ka of NAF activity, are smaller than those determined by the GPS geodetic measurements. Submarine paleoseismological studies in the Gulf of İzmit detected the sedimentary records of earthquakes for the last 2.4 ka, suggesting an average recurrence time of 300 years for major events. Multisensor observations and monitoring of the seafloor have shown widespread emissions of gas and fluids along the submerged part of the NAF, associated with reduced black sediments; we investigated their possible connection with the earthquake cycle.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.03.004
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  • 7
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    Mediterranean megaturbidite triggered by the AD 365 Crete earthquake and tsunami (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Scientific Reports, 3 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/srep01285
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  • 8
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    Pore water geochemistry at two seismogenic areas in the Sea of Marmara (2015)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16 . pp. 2038-2057.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-27
    Description: Within the Sea of Marmara, the highly active North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is responsible for major earthquakes (Mw ≥ 7), and acts as a pathway for fluid migration from deep sources to the seafloor. This work reports on pore water geochemistry from three sediment cores collected in the Gulfs of Izmit and Gemlik, along the Northern and the Middle strands of the NAF, respectively. The resulting data set shows that anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is the major process responsible for sulfate depletion in the shallow sediment. In the Gulf of Gemlik, depth concentration profiles of both sulfate and alkalinity exhibit a kink-type profile. The Sulfate Methane Transition Zone (SMTZ) is located at moderate depth in the area. In the Gulf of Izmit, the low concentrations observed near the seawater-sediment interface for sulfate, calcium, strontium, and magnesium result from rapid geochemical processes, AOM, and carbonate precipitation, occurring in the uppermost part of the sedimentary column and sustained by free methane accumulation. Barite dissolution and carbonate recrystallization have also been identified at deeper depth at the easternmost basin of the Gulf of Izmit. This is supported by the profile of the strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) as a function of depth which exhibits negative anomalies compared to the modern seawater value. The strontium isotopic signature also shows that these carbonates had precipitated during the reconnection of the Sea of Marmara with the Mediterranean Sea. Finally, a first attempt to interpret the sulfate profiles observed in the light of the seismic activity at both sites is presented. We propose the hypothesis that seismic activity in the areas is responsible for the transient sulfate profile, and that the very shallow SMTZ depths observed in the Gulf of Izmit is likely due to episodic release of significant amount of methane.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GC005798
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  • 9
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    Reply to Comment by A. Argnani on "Geometry of the Deep Calabrian Subduction from Wide‐Angle Seismic Data and 3‐D Gravity Modeling" (2020)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 21 (8). e2020GC009223.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-11
    Description: Keypoints This contribution is a reply on a comment submitted by A. Argnani. The alternate interpretation of the wide-angle seismic model is discussed. The Alfeo Fault system is proposed to be the current location of STEP fault. Abstract Andrea Argnani in his comment on Dellong et al., 2020 (Geometry of the deep Calabrian subduction (Central Mediterranean Sea) from wide‐angle seismic data and 3D gravity modeling), proposes an alternate interpretation of the wide-angle seismic velocity models presented by Dellong et al., 2018 and Dellong et al., 2020 and proposes a correction of the literature citations in these paper. In this reply, we discuss in detail all points raised by Andrea Argnani.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2020GC009223
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  • 10
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    Deep crustal structure of the Calabrian subduction zone and adjacent Ionian basin (Central Mediterranean Sea) (2019)
    In:  [Poster] In: EGU General Assembly 2019, 08.-13.04.2019, Vienna, Austria .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-13
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
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    OceanRep: Poster
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