Note: Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Exploring the Last Continent -- References -- Part I: Physical Sciences -- Chapter 2: A Continent Under Ice -- 2.1 Deciphering the Past -- 2.2 Antarctica´s Geological Features -- Box 2.1: Subglacial Gamburtsev Mountains -- 2.3 Antarctica´s Tectonic Environment -- Box 2.2: The Inner Earth -- 2.3.1 Seafloor Spreading: The Southern Ocean -- 2.3.2 Subduction: The Impact on South America -- 2.3.3 Subduction and Formation of a Back Arc Basin: The Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands and Bransfield Strait -- Box 2.3: Deception Island -- 2.3.4 Continental Rifting and Volcanic Activity: The West Antarctic Rift System -- Box 2.4: Mount Erebus -- Box 2.5: Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province -- 2.4 The Transantarctic Mountains -- 2.5 Ross Sea Rift Basins -- 2.6 Consequences of the West Antarctic Rift System -- 2.7 McMurdo Dry Valleys -- 2.8 Antarctica and Extra-Terrestrial Geology -- 2.9 Rocks from Outer Space -- References -- Chapter 3: A Long Journey South -- 3.1 Reading Rocks -- Box 3.1: Sedimentary Rocks (Fig.3.1) -- Box 3.2: Igneous Rocks (Fig.3.2) -- Box 3.3: Metamorphic Rocks (Fig.3.3) -- 3.2 Antarctica Within Ancient Supercontinents -- 3.2.1 Rodinia -- 3.2.2 Gondwana -- 3.2.3 An Active Tectonic Environment -- 3.3 Geography and Biology of Gondwana -- 3.3.1 Rivers, Shallow Seas and Fishes -- 3.3.2 A Temporary Polar Landscape -- 3.3.3 Swamps, Coal and Conifers -- 3.4 Mass Extinction, Renewed Evolution -- 3.5 Breakup of Gondwana and Isolation of Antarctica -- 3.5.1 Ferrar Large Igneous Province -- 3.5.2 Stages of Gondwana Breakup -- 3.5.3 The Pacific Ocean and the Antarctic Peninsula -- 3.5.4 The Cooling of Antarctica -- 3.5.5 Rotated Microplates and East Antarctica -- 3.5.6 Rotated Microplates and West Antarctica -- 3.6 Consequences of Antarctica´s Gondwanan Heritage -- References. , Chapter 4: Looking Back to the Future -- 4.1 Modelling the Past -- Box 4.1: Groundtruthing -- 4.2 Studying Palaeoclimate: The Proxy -- 4.2.1 Isotopes -- Box 4.2: Oxygen Isotopes -- 4.2.2 Sedimentary Rocks -- 4.2.3 Fossils -- Box 4.3: Fossil Case Study -- 4.2.4 Ice Layers -- 4.3 Past Antarctic Climate -- 4.3.1 Greenhouse Conditions -- 4.3.2 Greenhouse to Icehouse -- 4.3.3 Into the Icehouse -- Box 4.4: Milankovitch Cycles and Climate Change -- 4.3.4 Climate Change Over Last 800,000Years -- 4.4 Climate Models -- 4.4.1 Ice Sheet Behaviour -- 4.4.2 Modelling the Future -- References -- Chapter 5: An Ice-Bound Continent -- 5.1 Ice in Motion -- 5.2 Antarctic Ice Sheets -- 5.2.1 East Antarctic Ice Sheet -- 5.2.2 West Antarctic Ice Sheet -- Box 5.1: West Antarctic Ice Sheet Disintegration -- 5.2.3 Ice Caps -- 5.2.4 Ice Sheet Mass Balance -- Box 5.2: ICESat and Cryosat -- 5.3 Snow Accumulation -- 5.4 Ice Formation -- Box 5.3: Why Is Ice Blue? -- 5.5 Ice Cores -- Box 5.4: The EPICA/Dome C Ice Core -- Box 5.5: Roosevelt Island Ice Core -- 5.5.1 Dating Ice Cores -- 5.5.2 Chemistry and Dust Measurements in Ice Cores -- 5.5.3 Greenhouse Gases -- 5.6 Ice Streams and Glaciers -- 5.6.1 Ice Flow -- 5.6.2 Ice Streams -- 5.6.3 Glaciers -- 5.7 Subglacial Hydrology -- Box 5.6: Lake Vostok -- 5.8 Ice Shelves -- 5.9 Icebergs -- Box 5.7: Antarctic Iceberg Off the New Zealand Coast -- 5.10 Sea Ice -- Box 5.8: Types of Sea Ice -- 5.11 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Weather and Climate -- 6.1 Continent of Extremes -- Box 6.1: Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) -- 6.2 General Circulation of the Atmosphere -- Box 6.2: Ascending and Descending Air -- 6.3 The Coldest Continent -- 6.3.1 Radiation -- Box 6.3: Heat Transfer and the Greenhouse Effect -- 6.3.2 The Surface Energy Balance -- 6.3.3 Turbulent Transfer -- Box 6.4: Latent Heat and Sensible Heat. , Box 6.5: Atmospheric Stability, Clouds and Temperature Inversions -- 6.3.4 Conduction -- 6.3.5 Effects of Elevation -- 6.3.6 Annual Temperature Regime -- 6.3.7 Distribution of Temperature Across Antarctica -- 6.4 The Windiest Continent -- 6.4.1 Surface Winds in Antarctica -- 6.4.2 Scales of Atmospheric Motion -- Box 6.6: Weather and Logistical Operations at McMurdo Station and Scott Base -- 6.4.3 Katabatic Winds -- 6.4.4 Anabatic Winds and Sea Breezes -- 6.4.5 Barrier Winds -- 6.5 The Driest Continent -- 6.5.1 Precipitation -- 6.5.2 Glaciological and Satellite Methods -- 6.5.3 Meteorological Method -- 6.5.4 Distribution of Surface Accumulation -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: The Southern Ocean -- 7.1 Water Transport in the Southern Ocean -- 7.1.1 Drivers of Ocean Currents -- 7.1.1.1 Wind -- Box 7.1: Coriolis Force -- 7.1.1.2 Density Gradients -- 7.1.1.3 Temperature and Salinity -- 7.1.1.4 Pressure Gradients -- 7.1.2 Water Masses and Fronts -- Box 7.2: Water Masses in the Southern Ocean -- Box 7.3: Measuring the Properties of the Southern Ocean -- Box 7.4: Fronts in the Southern Ocean -- 7.1.3 Vertical Circulation and Formation of Bottom Water -- 7.1.4 Currents -- 7.2 Global Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction -- 7.2.1 Heat Transfer -- 7.2.2 Gas Transfer -- 7.2.3 Global Implications -- 7.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: From Ice to Space -- 8.1 Introduction to the Antarctic Atmosphere -- 8.2 Physical Structure and Characteristics of the Atmosphere -- Box 8.1: Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere -- 8.2.1 The Troposphere -- 8.2.2 The Stratosphere -- 8.2.3 The Mesosphere and Thermosphere -- Box 8.2: The Aurora -- 8.3 Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Past and Present -- 8.3.1 Direct Measurements of Carbon Dioxide in the Air -- 8.3.2 Connecting Atmospheric with Ice-Core Data -- 8.3.3 Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Deep Ice Cores. , 8.3.4 Relevance of Ice-Core Data -- 8.4 The Antarctic Stratospheric Ozone Hole -- Box 8.3: Stratospheric Ozone -- 8.4.1 Halogens in the Stratosphere -- Box 8.4: Discovery of Antarctic Stratospheric Ozone Hole -- 8.4.2 Halogen Reservoir Gases -- 8.4.3 The Polar Vortex and Polar Stratospheric Clouds -- Box 8.5: Polar Stratospheric Clouds -- 8.4.4 Chemical Reactions in the Polar Vortex -- 8.4.5 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion -- 8.4.6 The Montreal Protocol -- 8.4.7 Linkages Between Climate and Stratospheric Ozone -- 8.5 Chemical Phenomena in the Antarctic Troposphere -- 8.5.1 Measurement of Trace Gases in Antarctica -- 8.5.2 Surface Ozone and Ozone Depletion Events -- 8.5.3 Impact of Bromine in the Antarctic Troposphere -- 8.6 Connectivity of Atmospheric Processes -- Bibliography -- Part II: Life Sciences -- Chapter 9: Remote Ocean Outposts -- 9.1 Sovereignty -- 9.2 Limits to Biodiversity -- 9.2.1 Isolation -- 9.2.2 Cool Climate -- 9.2.3 Glacial History -- 9.2.4 Size -- 9.3 Land Birds -- 9.4 Land Mammals -- 9.5 Reptiles and Amphibians -- 9.6 Seabirds -- 9.6.1 Procellariiformes (Tube-Noses) -- 9.6.2 Penguins -- 9.7 Marine Mammals -- 9.8 Introduced Mammals -- 9.9 Biosecurity and the Management of Invasive Species -- References -- Chapter 10: Life on Land -- 10.1 Diversity of Life -- 10.2 Life in Aquatic Habitats -- 10.2.1 Streams and Rivers -- 10.2.1.1 Irrigated Rock Surfaces -- 10.2.1.2 Ice Walls of Glaciers -- 10.2.1.3 Larger Streams and Rivers -- 10.2.2 Lakes -- 10.2.2.1 Lakes in Maritime Antarctica -- 10.2.2.2 Diverse Lakes of the Vestfold Hills -- 10.2.2.3 Permanently Ice-Covered Lakes of McMurdo Dry Valleys -- Box 10.1: Lake Vanda, a Stratified Lake -- 10.2.2.4 Permanently Ice-Covered Lakes Associated with Nunataks -- 10.2.2.5 Epishelf Lakes -- 10.2.2.6 Subglacial Lakes -- 10.2.2.7 Lake Sediments as Archives of Environmental Change -- 10.2.3 Ponds. , 10.2.3.1 Ponds on Ice-Free Ground -- 10.2.3.2 Ponds on Ice Surfaces -- 10.3 Future Research -- References -- General Books and Articles -- Chapter 11: Life on Land -- 11.1 Flowering Plants -- 11.1.1 The Most Highly Developed Antarctic Soils -- 11.2 Mosses and Liverworts -- 11.2.1 Life Among Moss Plants -- 11.3 Lichens -- 11.3.1 Photosynthesis and Growth -- 11.4 Microbes in Soil -- 11.4.1 Microbial Life in Moist and Wet Soils -- 11.4.2 Microbial Life in Dry Soils -- 11.4.3 Life on Geothermal Ground -- 11.5 Microbes Associated with Rocks and Stones -- 11.5.1 Life Below Stones: Hypolithic Communities -- 11.5.2 Life Within Rocks: Endolithic Communities -- 11.6 Microbes in Snow and Ice -- 11.6.1 Snow Algae -- 11.6.2 The Continental Ice Sheet -- 11.7 Life in Subglacial Wetlands -- 11.8 Future Study of Terrestrial Ecosystems -- References -- General Books and Articles -- Chapter 12: Life Beyond the Ice -- 12.1 Primary Production -- 12.2 Zooplankton and the Key Role of Antarctic Krill -- Box 12.1: Top Predators and Antarctic Krill -- Box 12.2: Antarctic Krill Stages (Fig.12.3) -- 12.3 Cephalopods -- Box 12.3: The Colossal Squid Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni -- 12.4 Fish -- 12.5 Top Predators -- 12.6 Benthic Food Web -- 12.6.1 The Continental Shelf -- 12.6.2 The Deep Sea -- 12.7 Pelagic Food Web -- Box 12.4: Nitrate-Based Production -- 12.8 Effects on Antarctic Marine Ecosystems -- 12.8.1 Climate Change -- 12.8.2 Benthic Species -- 12.8.3 Pelagic Species -- 12.8.4 Cyclical Phenomena -- Box 12.5: Penguins Affected by Ice Extent -- 12.9 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading on Antarctic Benthic Ecosystem -- Further Reading on Antarctic Pelagic Ecosystem -- Further Reading on Responses to Climate Change -- Chapter 13: Antarctic Megafauna -- 13.1 Introduction -- Box 13.1: Masters of the Fast Ice (Fig.13.2) -- 13.2 Overview of Antarctic Megafauna. , 13.2.1 Birds (Aves).

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Authors -- Acronyms -- 1 Setting the Scene: Human Activities, Environmental Impacts and Governance Arrangements in Antarctica -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Human Activities: A Brief History, Current Status and Trends -- 1.3 Environmental Impacts -- 1.3.1 Exploitation of Marine Living Resources -- 1.3.2 Building and Living in Antarctica -- 1.3.3 Travelling to and Within Antarctica -- 1.3.4 Visiting and Working in Antarctica -- 1.4 Environmental Governance -- 1.4.1 Antarctic Treaty System -- 1.4.2 Other International Legislation -- 1.4.3 Non-binding Guidelines and Codes of Conduct -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part I Species and Ecosystems -- 2 Human Impacts to Antarctic Wildlife: Predictions and Speculations for 2060 -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methodology, Qualifiers and Challenges -- 2.3 Contemporary Impacts to Antarctic Wildlife from Human Activities: Management and Gaps -- 2.3.1 Tourism and Non-governmental Activities -- 2.3.1.1 Current Trends and Impacts Predicted for 2060 -- 2.3.1.2 Management Needs for 2060 -- 2.3.2 Scientific Research and Associated Logistics -- 2.3.2.1 Current Trends and Impacts Predicted for 2060 -- 2.3.2.2 Management Needs for 2060 -- 2.3.3 Commercial Fisheries -- 2.3.3.1 Current Trends and Impacts Predicted for 2060 -- 2.3.3.2 Management Needs for 2060 -- 2.3.4 Whaling -- 2.3.4.1 Current Trends and Impacts Predicted for 2060 -- 2.3.4.2 Management Needs for 2060 -- 2.3.5 Shipping-Related Impacts -- 2.3.5.1 Current Trends and Impacts Predicted for 2060 -- 2.3.5.2 Management Needs for 2060 -- 2.3.6 Introduction of Non-native Species or Disease-Causing Agents -- 2.3.6.1 Current Trends and Impacts Predicted for 2060 -- 2.3.6.2 Management Needs for 2060 -- 2.4 Antarctica 2010-2060: Conservation Needs and Challenges. , 2.4.1 Contribution of Climate Change -- 2.4.2 Gaps, Uncertainties and Opportunities -- 2.4.3 Strategic Conservation Needs -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Antarctic Marine Living Resources: 'The Future is not What it Used to be' -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Harvesting, Management and Governance Regime -- 3.1.2 The CAMLR Convention -- 3.2 Antarctic Marine Living Resources Exploitation -- 3.2.1 Krill Harvest Trends -- 3.2.2 Harvest Effects -- 3.3 Regulating Harvesting -- 3.3.1 Small-Scale Management Units -- 3.3.2 Ecosystem Conservation and Environmental Protection -- 3.3.2.1 Ecosystem Assessment -- 3.3.2.2 Environmental Protection -- 3.3.2.3 Small-Scale Research Units -- 3.3.2.4 Marine Protected Areas -- 3.3.2.5 Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems -- 3.3.2.6 Climate Change -- 3.4 The Future Is Not What It Used to Be -- 3.4.1 Southern Ocean Fisheries Management: Achievements, Failures and Threats -- 3.4.2 Risk, Uncertainty and the Future -- 3.4.3 Forecasting Impacts on the Southern Ocean Marine Ecosystem -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Present and Future Conservation Management of Antarctic Baleen Whales -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Past and Present Status of Baleen Whales -- 4.3 Current Regulation and Protection -- 4.4 Future Regulation and Protection -- 4.4.1 Ongoing Considerations of the IWC -- 4.4.2 Continuing 'Special Permit' Whaling -- 4.4.3 Cessation of Whaling Activities in the Southern Ocean -- 4.4.4 Widespread Whaling -- 4.5 Synergies with Non-whaling Threats -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Global Movement and Homogenisation of Biota: Challenges to the Environmental Management of Antarctica? -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Global Homogenisation of Biota -- 5.1.2 Non-native Species in the Antarctic -- 5.1.3 Vertebrate Introductions -- 5.1.4 Invertebrate and Plant Introductions. , 5.1.5 Present Legislation Within the Sub-Antarctic Islands and Antarctica -- 5.1.6 Antarctic Personnel Awareness of Environmental Issues and Legislation -- 5.1.7 The Propagule Load of Visitors and Imported Goods -- 5.1.7.1 Visitors and Their Clothing -- 5.1.7.2 Cargo -- 5.1.7.3 Fresh Produce -- 5.1.8 Sewage -- 5.1.9 Science Versus Conservation: Case Studies -- 5.1.10 Actions -- 5.2 The Future -- 5.2.1 International Implementation of Biosecurity Measures in Antarctica -- 5.2.2 Potential Introductions Associated with the Antarctic Tourism Industry -- 5.2.3 Future Increases in Human Population and Activities Within Antarctica -- 5.2.4 Climate Change -- 5.2.5 Liability Annex -- 5.2.6 Strategic Visions of Human Activities and Their Management as Related to Biosecurity -- 5.3 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Trampling the Antarctic: Consequences of Pedestrian Traffic on Antarctic Soils -- Abstract -- 6.1 Main Features of Antarctic Soils -- 6.2 Human Disturbance of Ground Surfaces -- 6.3 Drivers of Change -- 6.3.1 Climate Change -- 6.3.2 Human Pressure -- 6.3.3 Species Introduction -- 6.4 How Are Antarctic Soils Protected? -- 6.5 Future Scenarios Regarding Soil Conservation -- 6.5.1 Business-As-Usual Scenario -- 6.5.2 Conservation-Focused Scenario -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part I Species and Ecosystems -- Summary -- Part II Regional Case Studies -- 7 Environmental Assessment and Management Challenges of the Fildes Peninsula Region -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Current Environmental Situation -- 7.2.1 Avifauna -- 7.2.2 Non-indigenous Species -- 7.2.3 Air Traffic -- 7.2.4 Ship Traffic -- 7.2.5 Land Traffic -- 7.2.6 Waste and Sewage Management -- 7.2.7 Oil Contamination -- 7.2.8 Construction Activities -- 7.2.9 Scientific, Leisure and Tourism Activities -- 7.2.9.1 Scientific Research -- 7.2.9.2 Station Personnel Recreational Activities. , 7.2.9.3 Tourism Industry -- 7.2.9.4 Government-Supported Tourism -- 7.2.9.5 Official Delegations, Media and Educational Visits -- 7.3 Political Debate -- 7.4 Future Challenges for the Fildes Peninsula Region -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Historical Developments, Drivers of Change and Future Scenarios for Human Activities on Deception Island -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Current Status -- 8.2.1 Historical Development of Human Activities -- 8.2.2 Regulatory Mechanisms -- 8.2.3 Values to Be Protected -- 8.2.4 Known Human Impacts -- 8.3 Looking into the Future -- 8.3.1 Drivers of Change -- 8.3.1.1 Research and Technology -- 8.3.1.2 Tourism Footprint -- 8.3.1.3 Marine Traffic and Accidents -- 8.3.1.4 Introduction of Non-native Species -- 8.3.1.5 Volcanic Activity -- 8.3.1.6 Other Possible Developments -- 8.3.2 Future Regulatory Scenarios -- 8.3.2.1 Future Scenario (A): 'Business-As-Usual' -- 8.3.2.2 Future Scenario (B): 'No Access' -- 8.3.2.3 Future Scenario (C): 'Intermediate Protection' -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Long-Term Monitoring of Human Impacts to the Terrestrial Environment at McMurdo Station -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Background -- 9.3 History of the Environmental Monitoring Programme at McMurdo Station -- 9.4 Pilot Project Phase (1999-2002) -- 9.4.1 Background -- 9.4.2 Methods -- 9.4.3 Preliminary Results -- 9.5 Long-Term Monitoring Phase (2003 - Present) -- 9.5.1 Results -- 9.5.1.1 Physical Disturbance -- 9.5.1.2 Petroleum Hydrocarbons -- 9.5.1.3 Metals -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Regional Case Studies -- Summary -- Part III Actors and Sectors -- 10 Valuing Antarctica: Emerging Views from International Studies -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Values and the Antarctic Environment -- 10.3 Past Research on Values and the Antarctic Environment -- 10.4 Current Research. , 10.4.1 Common Themes -- 10.4.2 Science and Wilderness -- 10.4.3 Values -- 10.4.4 Antarctic Wilderness Values and its Management -- 10.4.5 Discussion -- 10.5 What Does the Future Hold? -- 10.5.1 Present Situation -- 10.5.2 Business-As-Usual Future -- 10.5.3 Antarctic Sanctuary -- 10.5.4 World (Resources) Bank -- 10.5.5 Other Considerations -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Strategic Thinking and the Antarctic Wilderness: Contrasting Alternative Futures -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 An Assessment of Strategic Thinking in the Implementation of the Protocol -- 11.2.1 Examples of Strategic Decision-Making Processes in the CEP and the ATCM -- 11.2.2 Strategic Content of CEP Discussions and of ATCM Instruments, 1998-2011 -- 11.2.3 Strategic Context: Emerging Pressures and Business-As-Usual -- 11.2.3.1 Global Developments -- 11.2.3.2 Global Climate Change -- 11.2.3.3 Lack of Integration Across Regulatory Bodies -- 11.2.3.4 Inconsistent Application of the Protocol -- 11.2.3.5 Business-As-Usual -- 11.3 Beyond Business-As-Usual: Environmentalists' Perspectives for the Future of Antarctica -- 11.4 Conclusions: Realising a Vision for Antarctica -- References -- 12 Strategic Management and Regulation of Antarctic Tourism -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Current Governance and Its Problems -- 12.3 Business-As-Usual Future Governance -- 12.4 An Ideal Future: Managing and Regulating the Growth of Antarctic Tourism -- 12.5 ATCP and IAATO Strategic Options -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Future Challenges in Environmental Management of National Antarctic Programs -- Abstract -- 13.1 National Antarctic Programs: What Are They? -- 13.2 The Environmental Responsibility of NAPs -- 13.3 What Will the Future Bring to Antarctica? -- 13.3.1 Funding -- 13.3.2 Oil Price -- 13.3.3 Diversification of Services Provision -- 13.3.4 New Technologies. , 13.3.5 Global Policy Frameworks.

Note: 1. IntroductionPART 1: Physical Sciences -- 2. A Continent under Ice: Studying Geology in Antarctica -- 3. A Long Journey South: Unravelling Antarctica’s Geological History -- 4. Looking Back to the Future: Palaeoclimate Studies in Antarctica -- 5. An Ice-bound Continent: Antarctic’s Cryosphere and Hydrological Systems -- 6.Weather and Climate: Antarctica’s Role in the Global Atmospheric System -- 7. The Southern Ocean: Antarctica’s Northern Boundary -- 8. From Ice to Space: The Antarctic Atmosphere -- PART 2 -- 9. Remote Ocean Outposts: Biological Diversity of the Subantarctic Islands -- 10. Life on Land: Aquatic Terrestrial Ecosystems in Antarctica -- 11. Life on Land: Non-aquatic Terrestrial Eccosystems in Antarctica -- 12. Beyond the Ice: Marine Ecosystems in the Southern Ocean -- 13. Antarctic Megafauna: Birds and Mammals of Antarctica -- 14. Surviving in the Cold: Invertebrates and Fish in Antarctica -- 15. Polar Expeditions: Historical and Social Aspects of Antarctic Exploration -- 16. A Continent for Peace and Science: Antarctic Governance -- 17. Extreme and Unusual Psychology in Antarctica -- 18. Destination Icy Wilderness: Antarctic Tourism -- 19. Creativity at the Frozen Frontier: The Arts in Antarctica -- 20. Commercial Harvest: Exploitation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources -- 21. Southern Ocean Fisheries: Managing Harvests of Marine Life -- 22. The Search for Extremophiles: Antarctic Biological Prospecting -- 23. The Question of Mining: Geological Resources in Antarctica -- 24. Ice and Mineral Resources: Regulatory Challenges of Commercial Exploitation -- 25. Recent Climate Change: Causes and Impacts of Climate Change in Antarctica -- 26. Reducing Fossil Fuel Consumption: Renewable Energy in Antarctica -- 27. Alien Invasions and the Impact of Non-native Species: Changing the Face of Life on Land in Antarctica?- 28. Future Challenges in Antarctic Research: International and Interdisciplinary Cooperation -- 29. Antarctic Scientific Collaboration: The Role of SCAR.