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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Methane sources, distributions, and fluxes from cold vent sites at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Margin (2005)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Global biogeochemical cycles, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 1987, 19(2005), 1944-9224
    In: volume:19
    In: year:2005
    In: extent:21
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 21 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1944-9224
    DOI: 10.1029/2004GB002266
    Language: English
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    GEOMAR CATALOGUE
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Routing of western Canadian Plains runoff during the 8.2 ka cold event (2009)
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    In: Geophysical research letters, Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 1974, 36(2009), 1944-8007
    In: volume:36
    In: year:2009
    In: extent:5
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 5 , graph. Darst
    ISSN: 1944-8007
    DOI: 10.1029/2009GL038778
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of manganese in sea water by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with 8-hydroxyquinoline in chloroform (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 52 (1980), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac50051a028
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    Geochemical proxies of North American freshwater routing during the Younger Dryas cold event (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of National Academy of Sciences for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (2007): 6556-6561, doi:10.1073/pnas.0611313104.
    Description: The Younger Dryas cold interval represents a time when much of the Northern Hemisphere cooled from ~12.9 to 11.5 kiloyears before present. The cause of this event, which has long been viewed as the canonical example of abrupt climate change, was initially attributed to the routing of freshwater to the St. Lawrence River with an attendant reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, this mechanism has recently been questioned because current proxies and dating techniques have been unable to confirm that eastward routing with an increase in freshwater flux occurred during the Younger Dryas. Here we use new geochemical proxies (ΔMg/Ca, U/Ca & 87Sr/86Sr) measured in planktonic foraminifera at the mouth of the St. Lawrence Estuary as tracers of freshwater sources to further evaluate this question. Our proxies, combined with planktonic δ18Oseawater and δ13C, confirm that routing of runoff from western Canada to the St. Lawrence River occurred at the start of the Younger Dryas, with an attendant increase in freshwater flux of 0.06 ± 0.02 Sverdrup (1 Sverdrup (Sv) = 106 m3 s-1). This base discharge increase is sufficient to have reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and caused the Younger Dryas cold interval. In addition, our data indicate subsequent fluctuations in the freshwater flux to the St. Lawrence River of ~0.06 to 0.12 Sv, thus explaining the variability in the overturning circulation and climate during the Younger Dryas.
    Description: This research was funded by the NSF Paleoclimate Program (P.U.C.) and the NSF (G.P.K.).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Eastern Pacific Warm Pool paleosalinity and climate variability : 0–30 kyr (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography 21 (2006): PA3008, doi:10.1029/2005PA001208.
    Description: Multi-proxy geologic records of δ18O and Mg/Ca in fossil foraminifera from sediments under the Eastern Pacific Warm Pool (EPWP) region west of Central America document variations in upper ocean temperature, pycnocline strength, and salinity (i.e., net precipitation) over the past 30 ky. Although evident in the paleotemperature record, there is no glacial-interglacial difference in paleosalinity, suggesting that tropical hydrologic changes do not respond passively to high-latitude ice sheets and oceans. Millennial variations in paleosalinity with amplitudes as high as ~4 PSU occur with a dominant period of ~3-5 ky during the glacial/deglacial interval and ~1.0-1.5 ky during the Holocene. The amplitude of the EPWP paleosalinity changes greatly exceeds that of published Caribbean and western tropical Pacific paleosalinity records. EPWP paleosalinity changes correspond to millennial-scale climate changes in the surface and deep Atlantic and the high northern latitudes, with generally higher (lower) paleosalinity during cold (warm) events. In addition to Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) dynamics, which play an important role in tropical hydrologic variability, changes in Atlantic-Pacific moisture transport, which is closely linked to ITCZ dynamics, may also contribute to hydrologic variations in the EPWP. Calculations of interbasin salinity average and interbasin salinity contrast between the EPWP and the Caribbean help differentiate long-term changes in mean ITCZ position and Atlantic-Pacific moisture transport, respectively.
    Description: Support for this research was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
    Keywords: Water vapor ; Eastern tropical Pacific ; Paleoceanography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/plain
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  • 6
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    Geochemical proxies of North American freshwater routing during the Younger Dryas cold event (2007)
    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104 . pp. 6556-6561.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-25
    Description: The Younger Dryas cold interval represents a time when much of the Northern Hemisphere cooled from �12.9 to 11.5 kiloyears B.P. The cause of this event, which has long been viewed as the canonical example of abrupt climate change, was initially attributed to the routing of freshwater to the St. Lawrence River with an attendant reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. However, this mechanism has recently been questioned because current proxies and dating techniques have been unable to confirm that eastward routing with an increase in freshwater flux occurred during the Younger Dryas. Here we use new geochemical proxies (�Mg/Ca, U/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr) measured in planktonic foraminifera at the mouth of the St. Lawrence estuary as tracers of freshwater sources to further evaluate this question. Our proxies, combined with planktonic �18Oseawater and �13C, confirm that routing of runoff from western Canada to the St. Lawrence River occurred at the start of the Younger Dryas, with an attendant increase in freshwater flux of 0.06 +- 0.02 Sverdrup (1 Sverdrup = 106 m3s-1). This base discharge increase is sufficient to have reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and caused the Younger Dryas cold interval. In addition, our data indicate subsequent fluctuations in the freshwater flux to the St. Lawrence River of ~0.06–0.12 Sverdrup, thus explaining the variability in the overturning circulation and climate during the Younger Dryas.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611313104
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Methane sources, distributions, and fluxes from cold vent sites at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Margin (2005)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19 . GB2016.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-16
    Description: To constrain the fluxes of methane (CH4) in the water column above the accretionary wedge along the Cascadia continental margin, we measured methane and its stable carbon isotope signature (δ13C-CH4). The studies focused on Hydrate Ridge (HR), where venting occurs in the presence of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments. The vent CH4 has a light δ13C-CH4 biogenic signature (−63 to −66‰ PDB) and forms thin zones of elevated methane concentrations several tens of meters above the ocean floor in the overlying water column. These concentrations, ranging up to 4400 nmol L−1, vary by 3 orders of magnitude over periods of only a few hours. The poleward undercurrent of the California Current system rapidly dilutes the vent methane and distributes it widely within the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Above 480 m water depth, the methane budget is dominated by isotopically heavier CH4 from the shelf and upper slope, where mixtures of various local biogenic and thermogenic methane sources were detected (−56 to −28‰ PDB). The distribution of dissolved methane in the working area can be represented by mixtures of methane from the two primary source regions with an isotopically heavy background component (−25 to −6‰ PDB). Methane oxidation rates of 0.09 to 4.1% per day are small in comparison to the timescales of advection. This highly variable physical regime precludes a simple characterization and tracing of “downcurrent” plumes. However, methane inventories and current measurements suggest a methane flux of approximately 3 × 104 mol h−1 for the working area (1230 km2), and this is dominated by the shallower sources. We estimate that the combined vent sites on HR produce 0.6 × 104 mol h−1, and this is primarily released in the gas phase rather than dissolved within fluid seeps. There is no evidence that significant amounts of this methane are released to the atmosphere locally.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2004GB002266
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Geochemical processes and rare earth element analysis in cold-seep pore waters of Hydrate Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Himmler, Tobias; Haley, Brian A; Torres, Marta E; Klinkhammer, Gary P; Bohrmann, Gerhard; Peckmann, Jörn (2013): Rare earth element geochemistry in cold-seep pore waters of Hydrate Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean. Geo-Marine Letters, 33(5), 369-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-013-0334-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Description: The concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs), sulphate, hydrogen sulphide, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and phosphate were measured in shallow (〈12 cm below seafloor) pore waters from cold-seep sediments on the northern and southern summits of Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. Downward-decreasing sulphate and coevally increasing sulphide concentrations reveal sulphate reductionas dominant early diagenetic process from ~2 cm depth downwards. A strong increase of total dissolved REE concentrations is evident immediately below the sediment-water interface, which can be related to early diagenetic release of REEs into pore water resulting from the remineralization of particulate organic matter. The highest pore water REE concentrations were measured close to the sediment-water interface at ~2 cm depth. Distinct shale normalized REE patterns point to particulate organic matter and iron oxides as main REE sources in the upper ~2-cm depth interval. In general, the pore waters have shalenormalized patterns reflecting heavy REE (HREE) enrichment, which suggests preferential complexation of HREEs with carbonate ions. Below ~2 cm depth, a downward decrease in REE correlates with a decrease in pore water calcium concentrations. At this depth, the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulphate reduction increases carbonate alkalinity through the production of bicarbonate, which results in the precipitation of carbonate minerals. It seems therefore likely that the REEs and calcium are consumed during vast AOM-induced precipitation of carbonate in shallow Hydrate Ridge sediments. The analysis of pore waters from Hydrate Ridge shed new light on early diagenetic processes at cold seeps, corroborating the great potential of REEs to identify geochemical processes and to constrain environmental conditions.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    (Supplement 2) Rare earth elements in cold-seep pore waters of Hydrate Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-20
    Keywords: A99-11-AD3423; A99-37-AD3430; AT3-35B; Atlantis (1997); Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Cerium, dissolved; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Erbium, dissolved; Europium, dissolved; Event label; Gadolinium, dissolved; Holmium, dissolved; Hydrate Ridge; Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); Lanthanum, dissolved; Lutetium, dissolved; MARUM; Neodymium, dissolved; Praseodymium, dissolved; PUC; Push corer; Samarium, dissolved; Terbium, dissolved; Thulium, dissolved; Ytterbium, dissolved
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 199 data points
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  • 10
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    (Table S3) Isotope and Mg/Ca measurements from sediment core ME0005A-43JC of tropical Pacific (2006)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-25
    Keywords: AGE; Calculated; Calculated from Mg/Ca ratios (Anand et al., 2003); DEPTH, sediment/rock; GC; Globigerinoides ruber, Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Globigerinoides ruber, δ18O; Gravity corer; Isotope ratio mass spectrometry; ME0005A; ME0005A-43JC; Melville; NEMO; Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, δ18O; Sea surface temperature; South Pacific Ocean; δ18O, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 592 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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