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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and processes during experiments with Emiliania huxleyi, 2008 (2008)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora; Halloran, P R; Rickaby, Rosalind E M; Hall, Ian R; Colmenero-Hidalgo, Elena; Gittins, J R; Green, Darryl R H; Tyrrell, Toby; Gibbs, Samantha J; von Dassow, Peter; Rehm, E; Armbrust, E Virginia; Boessenkool, K P (2008): Phytoplankton calcification in a high-CO2 world. Science, 320(5874), 336-340, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154122
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification in response to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures is widely expected to reduce calcification by marine organisms. From the mid-Mesozoic, coccolithophores have been major calcium carbonate producers in the world's oceans, today accounting for about a third of the total marine CaCO3 production. Here, we present laboratory evidence that calcification and net primary production in the coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi are significantly increased by high CO2 partial pressures. Field evidence from the deep ocean is consistent with these laboratory conclusions, indicating that over the past 220 years there has been a 40% increase in average coccolith mass. Our findings show that coccolithophores are already responding and will probably continue to respond to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures, which has important implications for biogeochemical modeling of future oceans and climate.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate per algae cell; Calcite saturation state; Calcium carbonate in cell; Calculated; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; Counting; Element analyser, Thermo Finnigan flash EA 1112; Emiliania huxleyi; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Flow cytometry; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate organic carbon, per cell; Particulate organic carbon production per cell; Pelagos; pH; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric titration, VINDTA (marianda); Primary production/Photosynthesis; Salinity; Single species; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1237 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Responses of the Emiliania huxleyi Proteome to Ocean Acidification (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Jones, Bethan M; Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora; Skipp, Paul J; Edwards, Richard J; Greaves, Mervyn; Young, Jeremy; Elderfield, Henry; O'Connor, C David (2013): Responses of the Emiliania huxleyi Proteome to Ocean Acidification. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e61868, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061868
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: Ocean acidification due to rising atmospheric CO2 is expected to affect the physiology of important calcifying marine organisms, but the nature and magnitude of change is yet to be established. In coccolithophores, different species and strains display varying calcification responses to ocean acidification, but the underlying biochemical properties remain unknown. We employed an approach combining tandem mass-spectrometry with isobaric tagging (iTRAQ) and multiple database searching to identify proteins that were differentially expressed in cells of the marine coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi (strain NZEH) between two CO2 conditions: 395 (~current day) and ~1340 p.p.m.v. CO2. Cells exposed to the higher CO2 condition contained more cellular particulate inorganic carbon (CaCO3) and particulate organic nitrogen and carbon than those maintained in present-day conditions. These results are linked with the observation that cells grew slower under elevated CO2, indicating cell cycle disruption. Under high CO2 conditions, coccospheres were larger and cells possessed bigger coccoliths that did not show any signs of malformation compared to those from cells grown under present-day CO2 levels. No differences in calcification rate, particulate organic carbon production or cellular organic carbon: nitrogen ratios were observed. Results were not related to nutrient limitation or acclimation status of cells. At least 46 homologous protein groups from a variety of functional processes were quantified in these experiments, of which four (histones H2A, H3, H4 and a chloroplastic 30S ribosomal protein S7) showed down-regulation in all replicates exposed to high CO2, perhaps reflecting the decrease in growth rate. We present evidence of cellular stress responses but proteins associated with many key metabolic processes remained unaltered. Our results therefore suggest that this E. huxleyi strain possesses some acclimation mechanisms to tolerate future CO2 scenarios, although the observed decline in growth rate may be an overriding factor affecting the success of this ecotype in future oceans.
    Keywords: Accession number; Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chromista; Coulometric titration; Emiliania huxleyi; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II; Nitrate; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate inorganic carbon, production, standard deviation; Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio; Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio, standard deviation; Particulate inorganic carbon per cell; Particulate inorganic carbon per cell, standard deviation; Particulate inorganic carbon production per cell; Particulate organic carbon, per cell; Particulate organic carbon, production, standard deviation; Particulate organic carbon content per cell, standard deviation; Particulate organic carbon production per cell; Particulate organic nitrogen per cell; Particulate organic nitrogen per cell, standard deviation; Pelagos; pH; Phosphate; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Protein name; Ratio; Replicate; Salinity; Silicate; Single species; Species; Table; Temperature, water; Time point, descriptive; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 7994 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    The effect of nitrate and phosphate availability on Emiliania huxleyi(NZEH) physiology under different CO2 scenarios (2013)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rouco, Mónica; Branson, O; Lebrato, Mario; Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora (2013): The effect of nitrate and phosphate availability on Emiliania huxleyi (NZEH) physiology under different CO2 scenarios. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00155
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: Growth and calcification of the marine coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi is affected by ocean acidification and macronutrients limitation and its response varies between strains. Here we investigated the physiological performance of a highly calcified E. huxleyi strain, NZEH, in a multiparametric experiment. Cells were exposed to different CO2 levels (ranging from 250 to 1314 µatm) under three nutrient conditions [nutrient replete (R), nitrate limited (-N), and phosphate limited (-P)]. We focused on calcite and organic carbon quotas and on nitrate and phosphate utilization by analyzing the activity of nitrate reductase (NRase) and alkaline phosphatase (APase), respectively. Particulate inorganic (PIC) and organic (POC) carbon quotas increased with increasing CO2 under R conditions but a different pattern was observed under nutrient limitation. The PIC:POC ratio decreased with increasing CO2 in nutrient limited cultures. Coccolith length increased with CO2 under all nutrient conditions but the coccosphere volume varied depending on the nutrient treatment. Maximum APase activity was found at 561 matm of CO2 (pH 7.92) in -P cultures and in R conditions, NRase activity increased linearly with CO2. These results suggest that E. huxleyi's competitive ability for nutrient uptake might be altered in future high-CO2 oceans. The combined dataset will be useful in model parameterizations of the carbon cycle and ocean acidification.
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase, para-Nitrophenylphosphate per cell; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Chromista; Coccoliths, volume; Coccoliths, volume, standard deviation; Coccosphere, length; Coccosphere, length, standard deviation; Coulometric titration; Emiliania huxleyi; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Irradiance; Irradiance, standard deviation; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Macro-nutrients; Nitrate; Nitrate, standard deviation; Nitrate reductase activity, per total protein; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other metabolic rates; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio; Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio, standard deviation; Particulate inorganic carbon per cell; Particulate inorganic carbon per cell, standard deviation; Particulate organic carbon, per cell; Particulate organic carbon content per cell, standard deviation; Particulate organic nitrogen per cell; Particulate organic nitrogen per cell, standard deviation; Particulate organic phosphorus per cell; Particulate organic phosphorus per cell, standard deviation; Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphate; Phosphate, standard deviation; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric titration; Salinity; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Table; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Trientalis-type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1422 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and coccolithophores and diatoms resilient to oceanalkalinity enhancement (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: Here, we investigatethe impacts of moderate (~700 μmol/kg) and high (~2700 μmol/kg) limestone-inspired alkalinity additionson two biogeochemically and ecologically important phytoplankton functional group representatives: Emilianiahuxleyi (calcium carbonate producer) and Chaetoceros sp. (silica producer). The growth rate and elemental ratiosof both taxa were estimated.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Ammonia; Aragonite saturation state; Area; Bacillariophyta; Bicarbonate ion; Biogenic silica; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcite saturation state; Calcium, dissolved; Calcium, particulate; Calcium chloride dihydrate; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell; Carbon, organic, particulate mass; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Cell density; Chaetoceros sp.; Chromista; Dry air column-averaged mole fraction of carbon dioxide; Emiliania huxleyi; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Mass; Maximum quantum yield of photosystem II; Nitrate and Nitrite; Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolved; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Nitrogen, organic, particulate mass; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio; Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphate; Phytoplankton; Potentiometric titration; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Revelle factor; Salinity; Sample code/label; Sampling date; Silicate; Single species; Sodium carbonate; Species; Spectrophotometric; Strain; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9880 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geo-engineering might cause, not cure, problems (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 449 (2007), S. 781-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir James E. Lovelock and Chris G. Rapley, in their Correspondence 'Ocean pipes could help the Earth to cure itself' (Nature 449, 403; doi:10.1038/449403a 2007) propose a variant on some well-publicized schemes to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/449781a
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
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    Pan genome of the phytoplankton Emiliania underpins its global distribution (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-08
    Description: Coccolithophores have influenced the global climate for over 200 million years1. These marine phytoplankton can account for 20 per cent of total carbon fixation in some systems2. They form blooms that can occupy hundreds of thousands of square kilometres and are distinguished by their elegantly sculpted calcium carbonate exoskeletons (coccoliths), rendering themvisible fromspace3.Although coccolithophores export carbon in the form of organic matter and calcite to the sea floor, they also release CO2 in the calcification process. Hence, they have a complex influence on the carbon cycle, driving either CO2 production or uptake, sequestration and export to the deep ocean4. Here we report the first haptophyte reference genome, from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP1516, and sequences from 13 additional isolates. Our analyses reveal a pan genome (core genes plus genes distributed variably between strains) probably supported by an atypical complement of repetitive sequence in the genome. Comparisons across strains demonstrate thatE. huxleyi, which has long been considered a single species, harbours extensive genome variability reflected in different metabolic repertoires. Genome variability within this species complex seems to underpin its capacity both to thrive in habitats ranging from the equator to the subarctic and to form large-scale episodic blooms under a wide variety of environmental conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 7
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    Phenotypic Variability in the Coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (2016)
    Public Library of Science
    In:  PLoS ONE, 11 (6). e0157697.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Coccolithophores are a vital part of oceanic phytoplankton assemblages that produce organic matter and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) containing traces of other elements (i.e. Sr and Mg). Their associated carbon export from the euphotic zone to the oceans' interior plays a crucial role in CO2 feedback mechanisms and biogeochemical cycles. The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi has been widely studied as a model organism to understand physiological, biogeochemical, and ecological processes in marine sciences. Here, we show the inter-strain variability in physiological and biogeochemical traits in 13 strains of E. huxleyi from various biogeographical provinces obtained from culture collections commonly used in the literature. Our results demonstrate that inter-strain genetic variability has greater potential to induce larger phenotypic differences than the phenotypic plasticity of single strains cultured under a broad range of variable environmental conditions. The range of variation found in physiological parameters and calcite Sr:Ca highlights the need to reconsider phenotypic variability in paleoproxy calibrations and model parameterizations to adequately translate findings from single strain laboratory experiments to the real ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: other
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157697
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    The effect of nitrate and phosphate availability on Emiliania huxleyi physiology under different CO2 scenarios (2013)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology, 4 (155).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Growth and calcification of the marine coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi is affected by ocean acidification and macronutrients limitation and its response varies between strains. Here we investigated the physiological performance of a highly calcified E. huxleyi strain, NZEH, in a multiparametric experiment. Cells were exposed to different CO2 levels (ranging from 250 to 1314 μatm) under three nutrient conditions [nutrient replete (R), nitrate limited (-N), and phosphate limited (-P)]. We focused on calcite and organic carbon quotas and on nitrate and phosphate utilization by analyzing the activity of nitrate reductase (NRase) and alkaline phosphatase (APase), respectively. Particulate inorganic (PIC) and organic (POC) carbon quotas increased with increasing CO2 under R conditions but a different pattern was observed under nutrient limitation. The PIC:POC ratio decreased with increasing CO2 in nutrient limited cultures. Coccolith length increased with CO2 under all nutrient conditions but the coccosphere volume varied depending on the nutrient treatment. Maximum APase activity was found at 561 μatm of CO2 (pH 7.92) in -P cultures and in R conditions, NRase activity increased linearly with CO2. These results suggest that E. huxleyi's competitive ability for nutrient uptake might be altered in future high-CO2 oceans. The combined dataset will be useful in model parameterizations of the carbon cycle and ocean acidification.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00155
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Advances in the study of Mg from living coccolithophores and echinoderms carbonate: new optimizations, applications, and trends at high 〈sub〉p〈/sub〉CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (2010)
    In:  [Talk] In: Joint EPOCA, BIOACID and UKOARP Meeting, 27.09.-30.09.2010, Bremerhaven . Abstracts : Joint EPOCA, BIOACID an UKOARP Meeting ; Atlantic Hotel, Bremerhaven, Germany, September 27th - 30th, 2010 ; p. 34 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Talk
  • 10
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    AMAP Assessment 2013: Arctic Ocean Acidification (2013)
    Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)
    In:  Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway, vii, 99 pp. ISBN 978-82-7971-082-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book
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