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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in immune parameters and associations to survival in Atlantic salmon (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lysozyme activity, haemolytic activity, total level of IgM, and levels of antibodies against A-layer from Aeromonas salmonicida and O-antigen from Vibrio salmonicida, respectively, were determined in 77 full-sib groups of Atlantic salmon in order to evaluate their possible use as immune parameters for indirect selection to improve disease resistance. Fish from parallel full-sib groups had previously been challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida (causing furunculosis), Renibacterium salmoninarum (causing bacterial kidney disease, BKD) and Vibrio salmonicida (causing cold-water vibriosis). Heritabilities were estimated for each of the immune parameters and correlations between the least square means of the full-sib groups for the different immune parameters and survival rates in the parallel full-sib groups were determined. A significant genetic variation in lysozyme activity was found, as well as an apparent genetic association between low lysozyme activity and high survival rates. Low heritabilities and low univariate correlations with survival in the full-sib groups were estimated for all of the other immune parameters. An analysis of the multivariate associations between the full-sib mean values of the complete set of immune parameters, and survival rates in the parallel full-sib groups in each of the challenge tests, revealed that, at low levels of lysozyme activity and with low antibody titres against V. salmonicida O-antigen, increased IgM levels seemed to increase survival from furunculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01598.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: considerations for clinical trials (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 115 (1994), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; negative symptoms ; clinical trials ; psychiatric status rating scales ; neuroleptics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is little agreement about the methodology of clinical trials of antipsychotic drugs in patients with negative symptoms. A literature review revealed wide variation in experimental design, rating scales and study duration. This reflects differing views as to the definition and response to treatment of negative symptoms. Some degree of standardization would improve comparability of studies and aid the development of new compounds. Patients included in such studies should have displayed negative symptoms for at least 6 months. Depressive symptoms, positive schizophrenic symptoms and extrapyramidal signs may all influence or be confused with negative symptoms and may respond to treatment; they should be at a low level at baseline and should be measured during the study period. Studies should last at least 8 weeks. Several scales are available for measuring negative symptoms and are reviewed; a global impression score should be used additionally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244775
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What predicts the course of expressed emotion in relatives of patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses? (1999)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 34 (1999), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expressed emotion (EE) index may not be as stable as it was once believed to be. The aim of this study was to identify variables associated with spontaneous change from low to high and from high to low levels of EE and EE subscales – critical comments (CC), hostility (H), emotional overinvolvement (EOI). Using a longitudinal, prospective study design, of 59 relatives having at least weekly face-to-face contact with 40 patients with an acute episode or relapse into schizophrenia (DSM-III-R) were interviewed by means of the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) at admission and at 4 1/2 months after discharge. The results showed that high-high or unstable levels of CC, H or EE were associated with the patient not working or studying prior to admission. Relatives with low-high and high-high EOI patterns had more weekly face-to-face contact with the patient prior to admission than relatives with a low-low EOI pattern. Patients whose relatives had low-high CC and EE patterns were less ill at admission than patients whose relatives had low-low patterns. Higher perceived family burden was associated with, at admission, an unstable pattern of CC, and at follow-up, high-high EOI or EE patterns rather than low-low patterns. Our study suggests that it is possible to identify which relatives will have a stable and which a changing EE level, allowing for more focused intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050109
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