Description: This dataset contains physicochemical parameters (Electrical Conductivity, Temperature) and stable water isotope measurements of river surface waters and depth profiles in the Godavari River basin, India, in the pre-monsoon and monsoon season.

Description: %OC, %TN, δ13C and δ15N analysed in C3 and C4 plants, soils, SPM and riverbed sediments in the Godavari River basin (India), located in the Core Monsoon Zone. Above-ground plant parts of C3 and C4 vegetation were collected at the end of the dry season (February/March 2015) across the Godavari basin, including trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, grasses and dominant crops. Surface soils (0-10 cm) were collected near the Godavari River, and SPM (10-80 L, filtered over 0.7 μm GFF filters) and bulk and fine (≤63 μm) riverbed sediments were collected in a dry (February/March 2015) and wet season (July/August 2015). Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP) data were retrieved from Dearing Crampton-Flood et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.907818) and India Water Resources Information System (https://indiawris.gov.in/)

Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 15 (2018): 3357-3375, doi:10.5194/bg-15-3357-2018.

Description: The modern-day Godavari River transports large amounts of sediment (170 Tg per year) and terrestrial organic carbon (OCterr; 1.5 Tg per year) from peninsular India to the Bay of Bengal. The flux and nature of OCterr is considered to have varied in response to past climate and human forcing. In order to delineate the provenance and nature of organic matter (OM) exported by the fluvial system and establish links to sedimentary records accumulating on its adjacent continental margin, the stable and radiogenic isotopic composition of bulk OC, abundance and distribution of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), sedimentological properties (e.g. grain size, mineral surface area, etc.) of fluvial (riverbed and riverbank) sediments and soils from the Godavari basin were analysed and these characteristics were compared to those of a sediment core retrieved from the continental slope depocenter. Results show that river sediments from the upper catchment exhibit higher total organic carbon (TOC) contents than those from the lower part of the basin. The general relationship between TOC and sedimentological parameters (i.e. mineral surface area and grain size) of the sediments suggests that sediment mineralogy, largely driven by provenance, plays an important role in the stabilization of OM during transport along the river axis, and in the preservation of OM exported by the Godavari to the Bay of Bengal. The stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) characteristics of river sediments and soils indicate that the upper mainstream and its tributaries drain catchments exhibiting more 13C enriched carbon than the lower stream, resulting from the regional vegetation gradient and/or net balance between the upper (C4-dominated plants) and lower (C3-dominated plants) catchments. The radiocarbon contents of organic carbon (Δ14COC) in deep soils and eroding riverbanks suggests these are likely sources of "old" or pre-aged carbon to the Godavari River that increasingly dominates the late Holocene portion of the offshore sedimentary record. While changes in water flow and sediment transport resulting from recent dam construction have drastically impacted the flux, loci, and composition of OC exported from the modern Godavari basin, complicating reconciliation of modern-day river basin geochemistry with that recorded in continental margin sediments, such investigations provide important insights into climatic and anthropogenic controls on OC cycling and burial.

Description: This project was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundations (“CAPS LOCK” grant no. 200021-140850 and “CAPS-LOCK2” grant no. 200021-163162). Francien Peterse received funding from NWO-Veni grant (grant no. 863.13.016). Liviu Giosan thanks grants from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0841736) and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.