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  • German cockroach  (1)
  • Wind-orientation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 671-683 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Anemotaxis ; Carrion beetles ; Course control ; Menotaxis ; Necrophorus humator ; Wind-orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The wind-orientated walk of carrion beetles Necrophorus humator F. was analysed under closed-loop conditions with a walking compensator and under openloop conditions with a paired tread wheel (Fig. 1). 1. On the walking compensator an animal runs stable courses with a preferred direction relative to an air current (velocity =; 100 cm/s, Fig. 2B-D). A change in the air-current direction causes a corresponding adjustment of the mean walking direction (Fig. 3). Such course adjustment works best for changes in the air-current direction by an absolute value of 90° (Table 2). 2. Under closed-loop conditions the animal shows deviations of less than ± 45° around its preferred direction relative to the wind (Fig. 2B-D). The characteristic curve which describes the animal's angular velocity as a function of the animal's walking direction relative to the air-current stimulus is therefore revealed only in this angular range (Fig. 3, top). 3. Under open-loop conditions, however, complete characteristic curves can be obtained because the animal's walking reaction in response to any given angle of air-current stimulus is measurable on the paired tread wheel (Fig. 4). The characteristic curves are approximately sinusoidal functions. They can either show a shift parallel to the ordinale by a superimposed direction-independent constant angular velocity alone or, at the same time, they can independently exhibit an angular shift along the abscissa (Fig. 5). 4. The walking tracks straighten with increasing air-current velocity (Fig. 6A, insets), i.e. the animal more rapidly compensates deviations from a preferred course. This corresponds to higher amplitudes of the characterisic curve and steeper slopes at the negative zero-crossing point under open- as well as under closed-loop conditions (Fig. 6). 5. Walking in an air-current field can be explained by a model of the course control system using a feedback loop (Fig. 7). This model operates according to a sinusoidal characteristic function on which is superimposed a Gaussian white noise process of angular velocity which is independent of walking direction. The model produces realistic walking tracks in an air-current field (Fig. 8).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dictyoptera ; Blattellidae ; Blattella germanica ; German cockroach ; aggregation ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Aggregation behavior and reduced locomotory activity in the German cockroach is known to be caused by chemical compounds in the feces. The attractive and/or arrestant efficacy of three relevant substances was tested in first instars by a two-choice aggregation test and in adults with a locomotion compensator apparatus that allows quantification of taste-directed orientation and walking speed as a function of antennal stimulation. The three substances tested were a feces crude extract; a mixture of six carboxylic acids (mix G) out of a total of 29 that were identified in the feces extract and tested as single compounds and in various combinations; and a steroid glucoside denoted as blattellastanoside A, which has been suggested as an aggregation arrestant pheromone in Blattella germanica. With both of our test methods, feces extract and mix G proved to be very attractive, whereas the effects of blattellastanoside A were, if anything, very poor. Possible reasons for discrepancies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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