Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Application of Plastics in Postharvest Management of Crops -- 1.1 Postharvest Management of Crops -- 1.2 Field Handling of Crops -- 1.3 Removal of Field Heat -- 1.4 Field Curing of Root, Tuber, and Bulb Crops -- 1.5 Grading and Sorting -- 1.6 Conveying -- 1.7 Packaging of Fresh and Processed Crops -- 1.7.1 Classification of Packaging Systems -- 1.7.2 Plastic Bags -- 1.7.3 Shrink Wrap -- 1.7.4 Rigid Plastic Packages -- 1.7.5 Biodegradable Films -- 1.7.6 Modified Atmospheric Packaging -- 1.8 Storage -- 1.9 Transportation of Crops -- 1.10 Drying of Crops -- 1.10.1 Open Sun Drying -- 1.10.2 Polyhouse Drying -- 1.10.3 Refractive Window Drying -- 1.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Potassium-Solubilizing Microorganisms for Sustainable Agriculture -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Potassium in Soil -- 2.2.1 Potassium Fixation in Soil -- 2.3 K-Solubilizing Microorganism -- 2.4 Mechanism of Potassium Solubilization -- 2.5 Potential Role of Potassic Biofertilizer -- 2.6 Effect of KSMs on Plant Growth and Yield -- 2.7 Future Prospects -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Weed Control for Conservation Agriculture in Climate Change Scenario -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Prospects of CA -- 3.3 Weed Management -- 3.3.1 Preventive Measures -- 3.3.2 Cultural Practices -- 3.3.3 Crop Residues -- 3.3.4 Intercropping -- 3.3.5 Crop Diversification -- 3.3.6 Chemical Weed Management -- 3.4 Limitations in Adoption of CA Systems -- 3.5 Climate Change and Weed Management -- 3.5.1 Challenges -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 In-situ Soil Moisture Conservation with Organic Mulching under Mid Hills of Meghalaya, India -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Materials and Methods -- 4.3 Results and Discussion -- 4.3.1 Seed Emergence. , 4.3.2 Soil Moisture Depletion -- 4.3.3 Tensiometer Observations -- 4.3.4 Crop Yield Parameters -- 4.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 High-Altitude Protected Vegetable Cultivation - A Way for Sustainable Agriculture -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Climate and Farming -- 5.3 High Altitudes and Protected Cultivation -- 5.3.1 Problems -- 5.3.2 Objectives -- 5.3.3 Protected Structures -- 5.4 Points to Be Considered for Cool Climate -- 5.5 Greenhouse Designing -- 5.5.1 Types of Plastic Coverings -- 5.6 Environmental Considerations in Greenhouse Cultivation -- 5.6.1 Temperature -- 5.6.2 Light -- 5.6.3 Relative Humidity -- 5.6.4 Carbon Dioxide -- 5.7 Planning of Protected Structures -- 5.7.1 Site Selection and Preparation -- 5.7.2 Orientation -- 5.7.3 Roads -- 5.7.4 Access to Utilities - Water -- 5.7.5 Light -- 5.7.6 Wind -- 5.8 Climate Regulation, Equipment, and Management -- 5.8.1 Temperature -- 5.8.2 Drainage of Rain Water -- 5.8.3 Lighting -- 5.8.4 Water and Nutrients -- 5.8.5 Pollination -- 5.9 Instruments Required for Polyhouse -- 5.9.1 Covering Material -- 5.9.2 Design of Load -- 5.9.3 Potential Crops -- 5.9.4 Limitations in Protected Cultivation -- 5.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Applications of Remote Sensing in Crop Production and Soil Conservation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS Technology in Crop Production and Soil Conservation -- 6.2.1 Cropping System Analysis -- 6.2.2 Agro-Ecological Zone-Based Land Use Planning -- 6.3 Soil Erosion Inventory -- 6.4 Soil Carbon Dynamics and Land Productivity Assessment -- References -- Chapter 7 Flash Floods Cause and Remedial Measures for Their Control in Hilly Regions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Causes of Flood -- 7.3 Flood Problems in India -- 7.3.1 Brahmaputra River Basin -- 7.3.2 Ganga River Basin -- 7.3.3 North-West River Basins. , 7.3.4 Central India and Deccan Rivers Basin -- 7.4 Flash Flood -- 7.4.1 Climate Change and Extreme Rain Events -- 7.4.2 Cloudbursts -- 7.4.3 Glacial Lakes -- 7.4.4 Landslide Lake Outburst Floods -- 7.5 Flood Management and Control in India -- 7.5.1 Non-Structural Measures -- 7.5.1.1 Flood Forecasting -- 7.5.1.2 Flood Plain Zoning -- 7.5.1.3 Decision Support System for Real-Time Flood Warning and Management -- 7.6 Who is Responsible? -- 7.7 Future Needs in Flood Management -- 7.7.1 Focused Approach -- 7.7.2 Legislation for Flood Plain Zoning -- 7.7.3 Inadequacy of Flood Cushion in Reservoirs -- 7.7.4 Flood Insurance -- 7.7.5 Flood Data Center -- 7.7.6 Research and Development -- 7.7.7 Community Participation -- 7.7.8 International Cooperation -- 7.7.9 Modernization of Flood Forecasting Services -- 7.8 Containing the Damage in the Hilly Basins -- 7.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Role of Crop Modeling in Mitigating Effects of Climate Change on Crop Production -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Types of Models -- 8.3 Climate Change and Crop Modeling -- 8.3.1 Climate Change -- 8.3.1.1 The Causes of Climate Change -- 8.3.1.2 Greenhouse Effect -- 8.3.2 Effects of Climate Change -- 8.4 Role of Crop Modeling in Agriculture on Climate Change -- 8.4.1 Applications and Uses of Crop Growth Models in Agriculture -- 8.4.1.1 On-Farm Decision-Making and Agronomic Management -- 8.4.2 Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change -- 8.4.3 Future Issues Related to Weather on Crop Modeling -- 8.4.4 Minimum Dataset Required for Crop Weather Relations and Crop Simulation Models-Rice -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Forestry and Climate Change -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Role of Forests -- 9.2.1 Productive Functions of the Forests -- 9.2.2 Protective and Ameliorative Functions of the Forests -- 9.2.3 Recreation and Educational Functions of the Forests. , 9.2.4 Forests' Developmental Functions -- 9.3 Weather and Climate? -- 9.3.1 Climate Change -- 9.3.2 Evidences of Climate Change -- 9.4 Effects of Climate Change -- 9.5 Climate Change in Jammu and Kashmir -- 9.6 Climate Change and Forests -- 9.6.1 The Effects of Climate Change on Plant Phenology -- 9.6.2 Impacts on Indian Forest Vegetation Types -- 9.7 Management Options -- 9.8 Agroforestry as an Alternate Land Use System -- 9.9 Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry -- 9.9.1 Case Studies -- 9.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Agroforestry Role in Sustainable Management of Degraded Watersheds -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Rehabilitation of Degraded Watersheds -- 10.2.1 Catchment Area -- 10.2.1.1 Upper Catchment -- 10.2.1.2 Second Tier/Intermediate Slopes -- 10.2.2 Command Area -- 10.2.3 Submergence Area -- References -- Chapter 11 Infiltration Studies of Major Soils under Selected Land Use Practices in Ranikhola Watershed of Sikkim, India -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.2.1 Study Area: Ranikhola Watershed -- 11.2.2 Study Area: Soil Types of Ranikhola Watershed -- 11.3 Methodology -- 11.3.1 Delineation of Watershed -- 11.3.2 Measurement of Infiltration -- 11.3.3 Infiltration Models -- 11.3.3.1 Horton's Infiltration Model -- 11.3.3.2 Philip's Infiltration Model -- 11.3.3.3 Kostiokov Infiltration Model -- 11.3.3.4 Green-Ampt Infiltration Model -- 11.4 Results and Discussion -- 11.4.1 Comparison of Observed and Calculated Infiltration Rates or Accumulated Infiltration -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 Toward Conservation Agriculture for Improving Soil Biodiversity -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 How Conservation Tillage and Residue Management Can Help in Improving Soil Properties and Ultimately Soil Quality -- 12.3 Impact of Conservation Tillage (CT) on Soil Biological Properties. , 12.4 The Economic Value of Soil Biodiversity -- 12.4.1 The Importance of Soil Biodiversity -- 12.4.2 Microorganisms -- 12.4.3 Mesofauna -- 12.4.4 Macrofauna -- 12.4.5 Conservation Agriculture and Soil Biodiversity -- 12.5 Soil Biodiversity under Conventional and No Tillage Systems -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Point-Injection Nitrogen Application under Rice Residue Wheat for Resource Conservation -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Methodology -- 13.2.1 Field Experimental Design -- 13.2.2 Statistical Analysis -- 13.3 Results -- 13.3.1 Effect of Methods of Nitrogen Application on Mulch Decomposition -- 13.3.1.1 Reduction in Straw Mulch Concentration -- 13.3.2 Rate of Decay of Standing Stubble -- 13.3.3 Effect of Methods of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Uptake -- 13.3.3.1 Plant N Concentration -- 13.3.4 Total Plant N Uptake -- 13.3.5 Nitrogen Accumulation in Straw Mulch -- 13.3.6 Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 The Importance of Water in Relation to Plant Growth -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Role of Water in Plant Growth -- 14.3 Effect of Moisture Stress on Crop Growth -- 14.4 Management of Water Stress -- 14.5 Soil Moisture Availability and Unavailability -- 14.6 Water Budgeting -- 14.7 Rooting Characteristics -- 14.8 Moisture Extraction Pattern -- 14.8.1 Neutron Scattering Method -- 14.8.2 Advantages of Neutron Scattering Method -- 14.8.3 Limitations of Neutron Scattering Method -- 14.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 Influence of Deficit Irrigation on Various Phenological Stages of Temperate Fruits -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.1.1 Drought -- 15.1.2 The Concept of Deficit Irrigation -- 15.1.3 Regulated Deficit Irrigation -- 15.1.4 Partial Root-Zone Drying -- 15.1.5 Water Stress - Why and How? -- 15.1.6 Effects of Water Stress on Plants. , 15.1.6.1 Photosynthesis and Respiration.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Integrated Water Resources Management of Thatipudi Command Area, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Methodology -- 1.2.1 Study Area -- 1.2.2 Data Collection -- 1.3 Analysis -- 1.3.1 Reservoir Storage Capacity -- 1.3.2 Irrigation Purpose -- 1.3.3 Water Supply -- 1.3.4 Preparation of GIS Maps -- 1.4 Results -- 1.4.1 Irrigation in Kharif Season -- 1.4.2 Irrigation in Rabi Season -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Hydrological Modelling to Study the Impacts of Climate and LULC Change at Basin Scale: A Review -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Models -- 2.3 Hydrological Modelling in LULC and Climate Change Impact Studies -- 2.3.1 Impacts of LULCC on Hydrology -- 2.3.2 Impact of Climate Change on Hydrology -- 2.3.3 Combined Effects of Climate Change and LULC Change -- 2.4 Model Comparison Studies -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Water Resource Management for Coal-Based Thermal Power Plant -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Water Resource Management in Thermal Power Plants -- 3.2.1 Cooling Water System Water Requirements -- 3.2.2 Ash Handling System Water Requirements -- 3.2.3 Coal Handling System Water Requirements -- 3.2.4 Demineralized Water System Water Requirements -- 3.3 Water Balance for 2 × 660 MW Coal-Based Power Plant -- 3.4 Analysis of New Environment Norms and Its Impacts -- 3.5 Adoption of Dry Cooling System (Air Cooled Condenser) -- 3.6 Additional Water Conservation Techniques Used in TPP -- 3.6.1 Adoption of 100% Utilization of Fly Ash in Dry Mode -- 3.6.2 Increasing Cycle of Concentration for Circulating Cooling Water System -- 3.6.3 Installation of Ash Water Recovery System from Ash Dyke -- 3.6.4 Recycling of CW Blowdown to Other Systems -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Evaluation of Reservoir Sedimentation Using Satellite Data-A Case Study. , 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Description of Study Area -- 4.3 Data and Software Used -- 4.4 Methodology -- 4.5 Results and Discussion -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Regionalisation of Watersheds Using Fuzzy C Means Clustering Algorithm in the West Flowing River of Kerala -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area and Data -- 5.3 Methodology -- 5.3.1 Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm -- 5.3.2 Validity Index -- 5.3.3 L Moments Heterogeneity H Test -- 5.4 Results and Discussion -- 5.4.1 Parameter Selection for Feature Vector -- 5.4.2 Fuzzy C Means Clusters -- 5.4.3 Validity Index -- 5.4.4 L Moments H Test -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Analysis of Relationship Between Landslides and Rainfall in Karwar, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area -- 6.2.1 Geology and Geomorphology -- 6.2.2 Climate and Rainfall -- 6.3 Materials and Methodology -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Optimal Cropping Pattern of Kulsi River Basin, Assam, India Using Simulation and Linear Programming Model -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Study Area -- 7.3 Methods and Materials -- 7.3.1 Crop Water Requirement -- 7.3.2 The Simulation Model -- 7.3.3 Linear Programming Model -- 7.4 Results and Discussions -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Comparison of Flux Footprint Models to a Mixed Fetch Heterogeneous Cropland System -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area and Data Analysis -- 8.3 Methodology -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Water Resources Assessment Issues and Application of Isotope Hydrology in North East India -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Water Resources Assessment Issues in Northeastern Hilly States -- 9.3 Springshed Development and Challenges -- 9.3.1 In-Situ Spring Water/Rainwater Harvesting -- 9.3.2 Springshed Protection. , 9.3.3 Major Challenges, Conflicts and People Participation in Spring Development and Management Practices in Northeast Himalayas Region -- 9.4 Isotope Hydrology Applications in Water Resource Management -- 9.4.1 Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) -- 9.4.2 Identify the Springs Origin and Their Recharge Area, Altitude Effect, Mean Residence Time -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Water Hammer Analysis for Pipe Line Network Using HAMMER V8i -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Problem Statement and Procedure of Analysis -- 10.3 Results and Analysis -- 10.3.1 Baseline Scenario: Steady State Conditions -- 10.3.2 Surge Analysis on Baseline Network Without Surge Protection -- 10.3.3 Analysis with Surge Protection Device -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Dam Break Flood Routing and Inundation Mapping Using HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Study Area -- 11.3 Methodology -- 11.4 Results and Discussions -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Suitability and Performance of Present Irrigation System in Kokernag, Jammu and Kashmir -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Methodology -- 12.2.1 Parametric Approach -- 12.2.2 On the Basis of Socio-Economic Background -- 12.2.3 On the Basis of Usage and Availability of Water -- 12.3 Suitability and Performance Indicators -- 12.3.1 Capability Index -- 12.3.2 Relative Water Supply (RWS) -- 12.3.3 Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) -- 12.4 Description of Study Area -- 12.4.1 Location -- 12.4.2 Topography -- 12.4.3 Precipitation Characteristics -- 12.4.4 Irrigation Details -- 12.5 Data Collection -- 12.5.1 Soil Data -- 12.5.2 Water Availability and Water Requirement Data -- 12.6 Results and Discussions -- 12.6.1 Suitability -- 12.6.2 Performance -- 12.7 Conclusions -- References. , 13 Linking of Sediment Yield Pattern with Rainfall and Land-Use Land-Cover Changes Within Burhanpur Sub-catchment, India -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Study Area -- 13.3 Methodology -- 13.4 Analysis of Data, Results and Discussions -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- 14 Assessment of Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) Using Hydrologic Model for Probable Maximum Precipitation in Maithon Watershed -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Study Area -- 14.2.1 Geographical Description of Study Area -- 14.2.2 Physiographic Description of Maithon Dam -- 14.3 Materials and Methodology -- 14.3.1 Delineation of Catchment -- 14.3.2 Preparation of Sub-catchment -- 14.3.3 Rainfall Distribution Maps -- 14.4 Probable Maximum Precipitation -- 14.5 Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) -- 14.5.1 Physiographic Parameter of the Sub-catchments -- 14.5.2 Snyder's Method -- 14.5.3 Design Loss Rate -- 14.5.4 Base Flow -- 14.5.5 Muskingum Parameters -- 14.5.6 HEC-HMS Model -- 14.5.7 Output -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- 15 Simulating Failure of Indravati Dam Using Mike 11 and the Propagation of Breached Outflow -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Study Area -- 15.2.1 Salient Features of Indravati Dam -- 15.3 Dam Breach Parameters -- 15.4 Methodology -- 15.5 Model Setup -- 15.6 Results and Analysis -- 15.6.1 Flood Routing -- 15.6.2 Longitudinal Profile of the Bed -- 15.7 Flood Maps -- 15.8 Emergency Action Plan (EAP) -- 15.9 Conclusions -- References -- 16 Optimization of Water Allocation for Ukai Reservoir Using Elitist TLBO -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Methods and Materials -- 16.2.1 Differential Evolution (DE) -- 16.2.2 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) -- 16.2.3 Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) -- 16.2.4 Elitist Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (ETLBO) -- 16.3 Study Area and Data Collection -- 16.4 Mathematical Models -- 16.4.1 Objective Function -- 16.4.2 Constraints. , 16.5 Results and Discussion -- 16.6 Conclusion -- References -- 17 Prediction of Reservoir Submerged Sediment Density -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Materials and Methods -- 17.2.1 Data -- 17.2.2 ANN Model Design -- 17.3 Results and Discussion -- 17.4 Conclusion -- Annexure 1 -- References -- 18 Micro-hydro Power Generation in India-A Review -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Literature Review -- 18.3 Conclusion -- References -- 19 Runoff Simulation and Irrigation Water Requirement for Barman Command -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Study Area and Data -- 19.2.1 Study Area -- 19.2.2 Data Collection -- 19.3 Methodology -- 19.3.1 Net Irrigation Water Requirement -- 19.3.2 Rainfall-Runoff Modeling -- 19.3.3 Probability Analysis -- 19.3.4 Performance Evaluation of Model -- 19.4 Results and Analysis -- 19.4.1 AWBM Calibration and Validation Charts -- 19.4.2 SIMHYD Model -- 19.4.3 Accuracy of Models -- 19.4.4 Effective Rainfall -- 19.4.5 Probability Analysis of Yearly Rainfall -- 19.4.6 Probability Analysis of Monthly Rainfall -- 19.4.7 Irrigation Water Requirement -- 19.5 Conclusions -- Referencess -- 20 Nonlinear Regression Analysis Between Discharge and Head for Piano Key Weirs with Increasing Developed Length (L/W) Ratio and Constant Channel Width -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Literature Review -- 20.3 Methodology -- 20.3.1 Nonlinear Regression Analysis -- 20.4 Results and Discussion -- 20.5 Conclusion -- References -- 21 Grey Water Characterization and Its Management -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Characterization of Grey Water -- 21.3 Treatment of Grey Water -- 21.3.1 Laundry Sample -- 21.3.2 Bathing Sample -- 21.3.3 Washbasin Sample -- 21.4 Conclusion -- References -- 22 Intelligent Operation of Hirakud Reservoir Using Metaheuristic Techniques (PSO and TLBO) -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Study Area and Data Details -- 22.3 Methodology. , 22.3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Authors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Why Statistical Downscaling? -- 1.2 Climate Models -- 1.3 Statistical Downscaling -- 1.4 Selection of Model Scheme -- 1.5 Structure of Chapters -- 1.6 Summary and Conclusion -- Chapter 2 Statistical Background -- 2.1 Probability and Statistics -- 2.1.1 Probabilistic Theory -- 2.1.1.1 Probability Density Function and Cumulative Distribution Function -- 2.1.1.2 Descriptors of Random Variables -- 2.1.2 Discrete Probability Distributions -- 2.1.2.1 Bernoulli Distribution -- 2.1.2.2 Binomial Distribution -- 2.1.3 Continuous Probability Distributions -- 2.1.3.1 Normal Distribution and Lognormal Distributions -- 2.1.3.2 Exponential and Gamma Distributions -- 2.1.3.3 Generalized Extreme Value and Gumbel Distribution -- 2.1.4 Parameter Estimation for Probability Distributions -- 2.1.4.1 Method of Moments -- 2.1.4.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimation -- 2.1.5 Histogram and Empirical Distribution -- 2.2 Multivariate Random Variables -- 2.2.1 Multivariate Normal Distribution and Its Conditional Distribution -- 2.2.2 Covariance and Correlation -- 2.3 Random Simulation -- 2.3.1 Monte Carlo Simulation and Uniform Random Number -- 2.3.2 Simulation of Probability Distributions -- 2.4 Metaheuristic Algorithm -- 2.4.1 Harmony Search -- 2.5 Summary and Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Data and Format Description -- 3.1 GCM Data -- 3.2 Reanalysis Data -- 3.3 RCM Data -- 3.4 Summary and Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Bias Correction -- 4.1 Why Bias Correction? -- 4.2 Occurrence Adjustment for Precipitation Data -- 4.3 Empirical Adjustment (Delta Method) -- 4.4 Quantile Mapping -- 4.4.1 General Quantile Mapping -- 4.4.2 Nonparametric Quantile Mapping -- 4.4.3 Quantile Delta Mapping -- 4.5 Summary and Comparison. , Chapter 5 Regression Downscalings -- 5.1 Linear Regression Based Downscaling -- 5.1.1 Simple Linear Regression -- 5.1.1.1 Significance Test -- 5.1.2 Multiple Linear Regression -- 5.2 Predictor Selection -- 5.2.1 Stepwise Regression -- 5.2.2 Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator -- 5.3 Nonlinear Regression Modeling -- 5.3.1 Artificial Neural Network -- 5.4 Summary and Conclusion -- Chapter 6 Weather Generator Downscaling -- 6.1 Mathematical Background -- 6.1.1 Autoregressive Models -- 6.1.2 Multivariate Autoregressive Model -- 6.1.3 Markov Chain -- 6.2 Weather Generator -- 6.2.1 Model Fitting -- 6.2.1.1 Precipitation -- 6.2.1.2 Weather Variables (T[sub(max)], T[sub(min)], SR) -- 6.2.2 Simulation of Weather Variables -- 6.2.2.1 Precipitation -- 6.2.2.2 Weather Variables (T[sub(max)], T[sub(min)], SR) -- 6.2.3 Implementation of Downscaling -- 6.3 Nonparametric Weather Generator -- 6.3.1 Simulation under Current Climate -- 6.3.2 Simulation under Future Climate Scenarios -- 6.4 Summary and Conclusion -- Chapter 7 Weather-Type Downscaling -- 7.1 Classification of Weather Types -- 7.1.1 Empirical Weather Type -- 7.1.2 Objective Weather Type -- 7.2 Generation of Daily Rainfall Sequences -- 7.3 Future Climate with Weather-Type Downscaling -- 7.4 Summary and Conclusion -- Chapter 8 Temporal Downscaling -- 8.1 Background -- 8.1.1 K-Nearest Neighbor Resampling -- 8.2 Daily to Hourly Downscaling -- 8.3 Summary and Conclusion -- Chapter 9 Spatial Downscaling -- 9.1 Mathematical Background -- 9.1.1 Bilinear Interpolation -- 9.1.2 Nearest Neighbor Interpolation -- 9.2 Bias Correction and Spatial Downscaling -- 9.3 Bias Correction and Constructed Analogues -- 9.4 Bias Correction and Stochastic Analogue -- 9.5 Summary and Comparison -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Sponsors and Co-Sponsors -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Wastewater Treatment -- 1 Investigation on the Treatment of Combined Effluent Treatment Plant Wastewater and Its Safe Use in Agriculture-A Green Technology Concept -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Preparation of Biocarbon -- Collection and Analysis Grey Water -- Treatment of Grey Water: Biosorption Process -- Evaluation of Capacity of Biocarbon -- Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of Biocarbon (BC) -- Surface Analysis -- Characteristics of Grey Water and Treated Water -- Effect of Biocarbon Dose on Heavy Metals Removal -- Removal of Colour from a Grey Water -- Water Reuse in Agriculture Practice -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Evaluation of Treatment Technologies for Arsenic-Free Drinking Water Supply, Disposal of Backwash Water and Exhausted Media in Bihar, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Arsenic Pollution in Bihar -- Mitigation Techniques Adopted -- Probable Waste Disposal Strategies -- Status of Waste Disposal in Bihar -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Simultaneous Removal of Arsenic and Nitrate in Anaerobic Batch Reactors -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental Setup -- Inoculum and Starting up -- Analytical Methods -- Results -- Nitrate and Arsenic Removal -- Characterization of Precipitates -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Oxyanions Removal by Biological Processes: A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Occurrence and Sources of Oxyanions -- Sulfate -- Nitrate -- Perchlorate -- Arsenate -- Conventional Treatment Strategies for Oxyanions -- Overview of Biological Oxyanion Removal -- Sulfate -- Nitrate -- Perchlorate -- Arsenate -- Factors Affecting Oxyanion Removal -- Temperature -- PH. , Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) -- COD/Oxyanion Ratio -- COD/Sulfate -- COD/Nitrate -- COD/Perchlorate -- Simultaneous Removal of Multiple Oxyanion -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Factors Influencing Electrocoagulation Treatment of UASB Reactor Effluent -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Experimental -- Experimental Design and Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Model Development and Validation -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Performance Evaluation of Filters for Sedimentation Particle Filtration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Particle Size Distribution -- Particles Filtration Efficiency -- Results -- Particle Size Distribution -- Different Particle Sizes -- Particle Volume Distribution -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Magnetic Extracellular Polymer Composite for the Effective Removal of Microcystin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Chemical and Reagent -- Screening and Culturing of Polymer-Producing Microorganisms -- Preparation of Magnetic-Induced ECP -- Removal of Microcystin-LR -- Results and Discussion -- Characterization of Matrices -- Separation of Microcystin-LR by ECP-Fe2O3 -- Characterization of MC-LR -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Bioremediation of Chromium Complex Dye by Growing Aspergillus flavus -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- SEM and EDX Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Bioremediation Study in Batch Mode -- SEM and EDX Analyses -- Response Surface Optimization -- Combined Effect of Different Parameters on Color Removal -- Confirmatory Experiment -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Biosorption as a Novel Approach for Removing Aluminium from Water Treatment Plant Residual-A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Biosorption as a Promising Alternative -- Aluminium Removal Through Biosorption -- Conclusion -- References. , 10 Catalytic Oxidation of Sulphide Laden Tannery Wastewater Without Sludge Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Problems Associated with Presence of Sulphide in Effluent -- Treatment of Lime Sulphide Liquor -- Materials and Methods -- Source and Collection of Lime Sulphide Liquor and Methods -- Materials -- Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Activated Carbon (NPAC) -- Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Wastewater -- Treatment Methods for Lime Sulphide Liquor -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of NPAC -- Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) -- Optimization of pH -- Optimization of H2O2 -- Optimization of NPAC (Nanoporous Activated Carbon) -- Overall Processes -- Instrumental Analyses -- Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and UV-Visible Spectroscopic Studies -- FT-IR Spectroscopic Studies -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Treatment of Dye Wastewater from Textile Industry by Electrocoagulation and Fenton Oxidation: A Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Dyes -- Classification of Dyes -- Classification Based on the Source of Materials -- Classification Based on Industrial Use of the Dyes -- Usage of Various Dyes in Textile Industries -- Dyeing Wastewater from Textile Industry -- Electrocoagulation -- Mechanism of Electrocoagulation -- Application of Electrocoagulation in the Treatment of Dye Wastewater -- Fenton Oxidation Process (H2O2/Fe2+) -- Application of Fenton and Electro-Fenton Methods in the Treatment of Dye Wastewater -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Impact of Hydrocarbon Pollutants on Partially Saturated Soil Media in Batch System: Morphological Analysis Using SEM Techniques -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Kitchen Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland Microcosm Using Aquatic Macrophytes -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Collection of Experimental Plants -- Experimental Set-up for Greywater Treatment -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Greywater Quality in FWS Microcosm -- Greywater Quality in VSF Microcosm -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14 Assessment of Aerobic Biodegradability for Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater Generated from Leather Industry -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Analytical Methods -- Characterization of Vegetable Tannin Wastewater -- Aerobic Biodegradation of Vegetable Tanning Wastewater -- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Analysis -- Results -- Characterization of Vegetable Tanning Process Wastewater -- Aerobic Treatment of Vegetable Tanning Wastewater -- FTIR Analysis of VTW Before and After Aerobic Treatment -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Biodegradability of Syntans Using Ozonation as a Pretreatment Process -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Characteristics of Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Ozonation Studies -- Experiment Setup for Biodegradation of Syntans Under Aerobic Conditions -- Results and Discussion -- Characteristics of Syntan Containing Wastewater-Sulfone and Phenol Based -- Ozonation Studies -- Optimization of Contact Time for Phenol-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Optimization of Contact Time for Sulfone-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater -- Assessment of Biological Treatment of Phenol- and Sulfone-Based Syntan Containing Wastewater Before and After Ozonation -- Assessment of Biodegradability Before and After Ozonation of Sulfone-Based Syntan -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16 Treatment of Synthetic Petroleum Refinery Wastewater in Anoxic Reactors at Varied Feed Phenol -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Materials. , Chemicals and Reagents -- Biomass Support Material -- Experimental Methodologies -- Seed Sludge -- Synthetic Feed -- Acclimatization of the Anoxic Reactors -- Reactor Operations with Varying Phenol -- Kinetics Study -- Analytical Methods -- Microscopic Images -- Results and Discussion -- Steady-State Performance of the Anoxic Reactors During Varying Feed Phenol Concentration -- Removal Kinetics of Phenol, Sulphide, Nitrate, Organic COD During Varying Feed Phenol Concentration -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Fluoride Pollution Abatement -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sources of Fluoride -- Effects of Fluoride -- Effects on Humans -- Effects on Teeth -- Skeletal Effects -- Cancer -- Status of Fluoride Contamination Around the Globe -- The World Scenario -- Indian Scenario -- Fluoride Contamination of Groundwater in West Bengal -- Water Supply Scheme by PHED, West Bengal -- Objective of the Study -- Remedial Material -- Alumina and Aluminum -- Activated Alumina -- Various Removal Methods of Fluoride -- Alternate Water Sources -- Better Nutrition -- De-fluoridation of Water -- Adsorption -- Advantages -- Limitations -- Ion Exchange -- Limitations -- Coagulation-Precipitation -- Advantages -- Limitations -- A Special Case of Co-precipitation is Nalgonda Technique Which is Briefly Described Below -- Nalgonda Technique -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Membrane Process -- Advantages -- Limitations -- Electro-Coagulation Process -- An Experimental Data Collection From Some Fluoride-Affected Area of Birbhum -- Background -- The Study Area -- Primary Data Collection -- Methodology -- Aim -- Methodology -- Sample Preparation and Collection -- Measurement of Fluoride -- De-fluoridation -- Mechanism -- Apparatus Required -- Solution Required -- Development of De-fluoridation Filtration Unit -- Preparation of the Filter Bed. , Details of the Process Are Described Below.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 River Basins of India and Water Resources -- 1.1 River Systems -- 1.1.1 Himalayan Rivers -- 1.1.2 Coastal Rivers -- 1.1.3 Deccan Rivers -- 1.1.4 Inland Drainage Basins -- 1.2 Classification of Indian River Basin Based on Drainage Area -- 1.3 Water Resources of India -- 1.3.1 Surface Water Resources -- 1.3.2 Ground Water Resources -- References -- 2 Salient Features of the Yamuna River Basin -- 2.1 Tributaries of the Yamuna River -- 2.2 Yamuna River Catchment Area -- 2.3 Water Allocation -- 2.4 Uses of Yamuna River Water -- 2.4.1 Abstractive Uses -- 2.4.1.1 Domestic Water Supplies -- 2.4.1.2 Irrigation -- 2.4.1.3 Western Yamuna Canal (WJC) -- 2.4.1.4 Eastern Yamuna Canal (EJC) -- 2.4.1.5 Agra Canal -- 2.4.1.6 Gurgaon Canal -- 2.4.2 In-Stream Uses -- 2.4.2.1 Hydropower -- 2.4.2.2 Fisheries -- 2.4.2.3 Growing Aquatic Plants -- 2.4.2.4 Navigation -- 2.4.2.5 River Bathing and Washing -- 2.4.2.6 Recreational Uses -- 2.4.2.7 Cattle Bathing and Washing -- 3 Climate of the Basin -- 3.1 Rainfall -- 3.1.1 Average Rainfall -- 3.1.2 Probability Analysis of Annual Rainfall -- 3.1.3 Quantile Estimates of Daily Maximum and Annual Rainfall -- 3.1.4 Onset of Effective Monsoon and Number of Rainydays -- 3.2 Temperature -- 3.3 Wind -- 3.4 Humidity -- 3.5 Evapotranspiration -- 3.6 Aridity Index and Climate Classification -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Pattern Changes in Climatic Variables -- 4.1 Statistical Test for Climatological Data -- 4.1.1 Persistence -- 4.1.2 Trend -- 4.1.2.1 Mann-Kendall Test -- 4.1.2.2 Modified Mann-Kendall Test -- 4.1.2.3 Mann-Kendall Test with Pre-whitening -- 4.1.3 Periodicity -- 4.1.3.1 Statistical Significance Test -- 4.2 Application -- 4.2.1 Data Processing -- 4.3 Results and Discussions -- 4.3.1 Persistence -- 4.3.2 Trend Analysis -- 4.3.3 Periodicity. , 4.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Geomorphology and Geology -- 5.1 Topographic Characteristics -- 5.2 Major Tributaries -- 5.3 Geomorphologic Characteristics -- 5.3.1 Geomorphologic Parameters -- 5.3.1.1 Basin Order and Channel Order -- 5.3.1.2 Basin Area -- 5.3.1.3 Basin Shape -- 5.3.1.4 Basin Slope -- 5.3.1.5 Drainage Basin Similarity -- 5.3.1.6 Drainage Density -- 5.3.2 Determination of Hortons Ratio -- 5.3.2.1 Bifurcation Ratio Rb -- 5.3.2.2 Stream-Length Ratio R1 -- 5.3.2.3 Stream-Area Ratio Ra -- 5.4 Geology of the Basin -- 5.5 Lithology and Hydrogeology of the Basin -- 5.5.1 Himalayan Region -- 5.5.2 National Capital Region (NCR) Region -- 5.5.3 Ken and Betwa Catchment -- 5.5.4 Chambal Catchment -- References -- 6 Soil, Landuse and Agriculture -- 6.1 Soil Classification -- 6.2 Landuse -- 6.2.1 Forests and Protected Areas -- 6.2.2 National Parks and Sanctuaries -- 6.2.3 Biodiversity -- 6.2.3.1 Haryana -- 6.2.3.2 Rajasthan -- 6.2.3.3 Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand -- 6.3 Agriculture in the Basin -- 6.3.1 Agro-climatic Zones -- 6.3.2 Crop Seasons -- 6.3.2.1 Cropping Pattern -- 6.3.2.2 State-Wise Agro-ecosystem -- 6.3.2.3 Cropping Intensity -- 6.4 Irrigation -- 6.5 State-Wise Agriculture -- 6.5.1 Uttar Pradesh -- 6.5.2 Madhya Pradesh -- 6.5.3 Rajasthan -- 6.5.4 Delhi -- 6.5.5 Haryana -- 6.6 Fertilizer and Pesticides Application -- 6.7 Practice of IPM and IPNM -- References -- 7 Socio-economic Status -- 7.1 Demography -- 7.1.1 Urban and Rural Population -- 7.1.2 Population Density -- 7.1.3 Population Growth Rate -- 7.1.4 The Rate of Urbanization -- 7.1.5 Migrants -- 7.2 Sex Ratio -- 7.3 Literacy -- 7.4 Main and Marginal Workers -- 7.4.1 Cultivator and Agricultural Labourer -- 7.5 Health: Vital Statistics -- 7.6 Population Below Poverty Line (BPL) -- 7.7 Human Development Index -- 7.8 Livelihood and Employment -- 7.9 Livestock Population. , 7.10 Water Supply -- 7.10.1 Water Auditing -- 7.10.1.1 Transmission Losses -- 7.10.1.2 Water Conservation -- References -- 8 Water Resources and Water Budgeting -- 8.1 Water Resources Assessment -- 8.1.1 Surface Water Resources -- 8.1.1.1 Surface Water Storage -- 8.1.2 Groundwater Resources -- 8.1.3 Soil Moisture Storage -- 8.2 Water Demand Estimation -- 8.2.1 Agricultural Water Demand -- 8.2.2 Surplus and Deficit Analysis -- 8.3 Flood Hydrograph Estimation for the Catchments -- 8.3.1 Regional Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Technique -- 8.3.2 Geomorphology Based Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Technique -- 8.3.2.1 Derivation of Geomorphologic Unit Hydrograph (GUH) -- 8.3.2.2 The Nash Model -- 8.3.2.3 Geomorphology Based Parameter Estimation of Nashs GIUH -- 8.3.2.4 Application of the GIUH Methodology -- References -- 9 Water Pollution -- 9.1 Sources of Pollution -- 9.1.1 Point Sources of Pollution -- 9.1.1.1 Domestic Pollution -- 9.1.1.2 Industrial Pollution -- 9.1.2 Non Point or Diffused Sources of Pollution -- 9.1.2.1 Agricultural Pollution -- 9.1.3 Dumping of Garbage and Dead Bodies -- 9.1.4 Immersion of Idols -- 9.1.5 Pollution Due to In-Stream Use of Water -- 9.2 Water Quality Issues in Yamuna River -- 9.2.1 High Organic Contents -- 9.2.2 High Nutrients -- 9.2.3 Excessive Presence of Pathogens -- 9.2.4 Accumulation of Pollutants in the Catchment Area -- 9.2.5 Aesthetic Value -- 9.2.6 Deforestation in the Catchment Area -- 9.2.7 Reduction in the Quantity of Water -- 9.2.8 Discharges from Sewage Treatment Plants -- 9.2.9 Role of Barrages -- 9.3 River Segmentation -- 9.4 Water Quality Monitoring -- 9.5 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water Quality Parameters -- 9.6 Water Quality Standards -- References -- 10 Wastewater Generation and Treatment -- 10.1 Urbanization in the Yamuna Basin -- 10.2 Water Supply and Wastewater Generation. , 10.3 Trends in Sewage Generation and Treatment -- 10.4 Inventory of Water Treatment and Sewage Treatment Plants -- 10.5 Industrial Wastewater Generation, Treatment and Disposal -- 10.6 Pollution Load Generation from Industrial Sources -- 10.7 Wastewater Discharged into the Yamuna -- 10.7.1 Wastewater Discharged from Delhi -- 10.7.1.1 Pollution Load Generation from Domestic Sources in Delhi -- 10.7.1.2 Pollution Load Generation from Industrial Sources -- 10.7.1.3 Pollution Loads Contributed to Yamuna and Agra Canal Through Drains -- 10.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 Water Quality Index and Status -- 11.1 Water Quality Index -- 11.1.1 National Sanitation Foundations WQI (NSF-WQI) -- 11.1.1.1 Rating Curve for Fecal Coliform -- 11.1.1.2 Rating Curve for Total Solids -- 11.1.1.3 Rating Curve for Dissolved Oxygen -- 11.1.1.4 Rating Curve for Turbidity -- 11.1.1.5 Rating Curve for pH -- 11.1.1.6 Rating Curve for BOD -- 11.1.1.7 Rating Curve for Nitrate -- 11.1.1.8 Rating Curve for Phosphate -- 11.1.1.9 Rating Curve for Temperature Change -- 11.1.2 Multiplicative NSF-WQI -- 11.1.3 CCME WQI -- 11.1.3.1 Data Requirement -- 11.1.3.2 Calculation of Index -- 11.1.4 WQI -- 11.1.4.1 Formulation of WQI -- 11.1.4.2 Water Quality Rating Curve -- 11.1.4.3 Rating Curve for Radionuclides -- 11.1.4.4 Rating Curve for Heavy Metals -- 11.1.4.5 Rating Curve for EC -- 11.1.4.6 Rating Curve for SO4 -- 11.1.4.7 Rating Curve for Suspended Solids (SS) -- 11.1.4.8 Water Quality Classification -- 11.1.5 Universal WQI Based on European Classification Scheme (UWQI) -- 11.1.5.1 Aggregation Function of UWQI -- 11.1.6 Concluding Remarks on Water Quality Index -- 11.2 Water Quality Status Based on the Data -- 11.2.1 Water Quality Trends in the Yamuna -- 11.2.2 Water Quality Profile of the Yamuna -- 11.2.2.1 Bio-mapping of the Yamuna River. , 11.2.3 Monthly Variation in Water Quality Parameters -- 11.3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 12 Environmental Flows -- 12.1 Definition -- 12.2 Methods for Assessment of Environmental Flows -- 12.3 The Tennant Method -- 12.3.1 The Modified Tennant Method -- 12.3.2 Application of Modified Tennant Method -- 12.4 EMC Based Environmental Flow Calculator -- 12.4.1 Establishing Environmental Flow Duration Curve -- 12.4.2 Simulating Continuous Monthly Time Series of Environmental Flows -- 12.4.3 Application of the Methodology -- 12.4.3.1 Paonta Saheb (Origin to Hathinikund reach) -- 12.4.3.2 Kalanaur Site (Hathinikund Barrage to Wazirabad Barrage Reach) -- 12.4.3.3 Delhi Railway Bridge, DRB (Wazirabad to Okhla Reach) -- 12.4.3.4 Agra site (Okhla to Agra Reach) -- 12.4.3.5 Pratappur Site (Agra to Allahabad Reach) -- 12.5 Development of Component Based Environmental Flow Estimator -- 12.5.1 Water Requirement for Assimilation of Polluted River Water -- 12.5.2 Water Required for Evaporation -- 12.5.2.1 Estimation of Evaporation -- 12.5.3 Water Required for Groundwater Conservation -- 12.5.3.1 Estimation of Wetted Perimeter -- 12.5.4 Water Required for Aquatic-Habitat Conservation -- 12.5.5 Application of Methodology -- 12.5.5.1 Data Preparation and Analysis -- 12.6 Comparison of the Approaches -- 12.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 13 Cropping Plan for Water Resources Management -- 13.1 Landuse and Agriculture -- 13.2 Parameters of Cropping Pattern -- 13.2.1 Estimation of Crop Water Requirement -- 13.2.2 Suitability of Crops Based on Physical Environment -- 13.2.2.1 Cropping Systems -- 13.3 Identification of Suitable Crop Rotation -- 13.4 Identification of Suitable Cropping Patterns -- 13.5 Water Conservation Under Different Cropping Patterns -- 13.6 Impact of Change in Cropping Patterns on Water Allocation -- 13.7 Concluding Remarks -- References. , Appendix A Salient Feature of Dams in the Yamuna Basin.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Sponsors and Co-sponsors -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Environmental Pollution -- 1 Socioeconomic Environment Assessment for Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Methodology -- Description of the Study Area -- Types of Data Collected -- Tools of Data Collection -- Data Collection Analysis -- Personal Profile -- Age -- Sex -- Marital Status -- Literacy -- Occupation -- Assessment and Mitigation -- Impact Assessment -- Topography and Land Use -- Drainage -- Air Environment -- Water Environment -- Impacts of Ecology -- Impacts on Soil and Agriculture -- Land Use -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Research Need on Environmental Gains in Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Relocation -- Protected Areas -- Classification of Protected Areas -- Need for Conservation of Biodiversity -- Need for Conservation-Induced Relocation -- Need for Study of Environmental Gains Due to CIR -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Environmental Issues Due to Fire in Coal Mines: Its Impact and Suggestions for Implementing Precautionary and Control Measures -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Environmental Pollution -- Case Study -- Location -- Geology of the Seam -- Scientific Investigation -- Results and Discussion -- Suggestions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Redevelopment of Urban Slum Dwellings: Issues and Challenges -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background and Need of Study -- Housing Scenario in India -- Requirements to Achieve the Vision by 2022 -- Strategies for Increasing Supply of Affordable Housing -- Strategies for Optimum Use of Existing Land Resources by Encouraging Redevelopment -- Strategies for Improving Quality of Life, Overall Living Standards with Concern for Environment -- Strategies for Ease of Doing Business -- Objectives of the Study. , Methodology -- Study Area -- Current Project -- Flat Scheme for Slum Rehabilitation -- Detail of Money Contribution -- Sanctioned Cost of Single House Type A -- Pandharabodi Area -- Problems on Site During Construction -- Time Overrun -- Causes of Time Overrun -- Material Quality and Quantity -- Scarcity of Skilled Labour -- Problems During Operation -- Grouping of work -- Work Breakdown Structure for 75 Houses -- Limitation -- Conclusions and Findings -- References -- 5 Importance of Indoor Environmental Quality in Green Buildings -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) -- Effect of Poor IEQ on Human Health -- Parameters of IEQ -- Building Characteristics -- Thermal Comfort -- Visual Comfort -- Acoustic Comfort -- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Meteorological Factors Influencing Dispersion of Vehicular Pollution in a Typical Highway Condition -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Site Characteristics -- Traffic Characteristics -- CALINE 4 Model Description -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Results and Discussion -- Sensitivity Analysis of CALINE4 Model -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Study of Air and Noise Pollution in Mega Cities of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Exposure on Health -- Research Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Pollution Indicators -- 8 A Critical Review on Air Quality Index -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objective -- Air Quality Index (AQI) -- Definition -- Classification of Indices -- US EPA Air Quality Index -- The Mitre Air Quality Index (MAQI) -- Application of the MAQI -- Extreme Value Index (EVI) -- Application of the EVI -- Oak Ridge Air Quality Index (ORAQI) -- Application of the ORAQI -- Air Quality Depreciation Index -- Air Quality Index Worldwide -- Air Quality Index China. , Air Quality Index United States -- I maxi Ii -- Air Quality Index India -- NAAQS Dependent Air Quality Index -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Aquatic Insects as Pollution Indicator-A Study in Cachar, Assam, Northeast India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Methods of Collection and Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Physicochemical Parameters -- Aquatic Insects -- Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Monitoring of Air Pollution in Different Regions Along Road Network, Jharia Coalfield, Dhanbad, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Data Collection -- Results and Discussion -- Variations of Traffic Composition -- Variations of Air Pollutant Concentration -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Spatial Distribution and Baseline Concentration of Heavy Metals in Swell-Shrink Soils of Madhya Pradesh, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- General Description of Study Area -- Collection of Soil Samples -- Chemical Analysis of Soils -- Soil pH -- Electrical Conductivity -- Oxidizable Organic Carbon -- Calcium Carbonate -- Total Heavy Metal Concentration -- Determination of Baseline Concentrations of Metals -- Results and Discussion -- Soil Characteristics -- Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals -- Baseline Concentrations of Heavy Metals -- Correlation Coefficient Between Heavy Metals and Soil Properties -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Associative Study of Aerosol Pollution, Precipitation and Vegetation in Indian Region (2000-2013) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Datasets Used -- Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Fuzzy Logic Based Performance Evaluation of EIA Reports for Hydroelectric Projects -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Objectives and Scope -- Methodology. , Fuzzy Logic Based Expert Rule System -- Result and Discussion -- Demwe Lower Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Dibbin Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Pauk Hydroelectric Project, Arunachal Pradesh -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Ting Ting Hydroelectric Project, Sikkim -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Project Description -- Physical Features -- Performance Evaluation -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Assessment and Prediction of Environmental Noise Generated by Road Traffic in Nagpur City, India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Background of Nagpur City -- Noise Prediction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Evaluation of Traffic Noise -- Data Extraction -- Traffic Noise Modelling -- Reference Energy Mean Emission Level -- Volume and Speed Correction -- Distance Correction -- Results and Discussions -- Data Analysis -- Spectral Analysis of Junction and Highway Traffic -- Model Illustration -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Time-Dependent Study of Electromagnetic Field and Indoor Meteorological Parameters in Individual Working Environment -- Abstract -- Introduction -- An EMF and Indoor Meteorological Parameters -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Working and Non-working Hours -- Contour -- Additional Measurements -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Fish Biodiversity and Its Periodic Reduction: A Case Study of River Narmada in Central India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Site S1: Shahganj -- Site S2: Bandrabhan (Sangam) -- Site S3: Budhni Ghat -- Site S4: Moukala -- Site S5: Holipur -- Fish Collection and Identification -- Result. , Present Scenario of Fish Diversity of River Narmada at Hoshangabad -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on the Fresh Water Ecosystem-A Case Study of Kappithodu in Kerala -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Result -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Degradation of Heptachlor by High-Carbon Iron Filings (HCIF) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Generation of Pollution -- 19 Biomedical Waste Generation and Management in Public Sector Hospital in Shimla City -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Management of Biomedical Waste -- Methodology -- Observation -- Questionnaire Session -- Management and Implementation at Public Sector Hospital -- Results and Discussions -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Fuel Loss and Related Emissions Due to Idling of Motorized Vehicles at a Major Intersection in Delhi -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Fuel Consumption Measurement -- Emission Estimation Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 21 Emission Inventorisation and Modelling of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds from Petrol Distribution Centres in an Urban Area -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- The Study Site -- Data Collection -- Emission Load Estimation -- Air Quality Dispersion Modelling -- Results and Discussion -- NMVOCs Emission Load -- NMVOCs Concentrations Prediction -- Model Validation -- Conclusions -- References -- 22 Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization of Coal Combustion Residues from a Thermal Power Station of India -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Selection of Thermal Power Station -- Geographical Location and Study Area Details. , Ash Pond and Ash Handling System.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contributors -- Section 1: Preliminaries -- CHAPTER 1: Introduction -- CHAPTER 2: History and Evolution of Watershed Modeling Derived from the Stanford Watershed Model -- CHAPTER 3: Regional Calibration of Watershed Models -- Section 2: Large Watershed Models -- CHAPTER 4: Large-Scale Hybrid Watershed Modeling -- CHAPTER 5: Simulation of Water and Energy Budgets Using a Macroscale Hydrological Model for the Upper Mississippi River Basin -- Section 3: Streamflow Models -- CHAPTER 6: Gridded Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) Model: A Model for Simulating Diverse Streamflow-Producing Processes -- CHAPTER 7: USGS Modular Modeling System (MMS) - Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) -- CHAPTER 8: The Xin'anjiang Model on Digital Basin Platform -- Section 4: Streamflow and Water Quality Models -- CHAPTER 9: A First-Principle, Physics-Based Watershed Model: WASH123D -- CHAPTER 10: Flexible Integrated Watershed Modeling with MIKE SHE -- CHAPTER 11: Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) -- CHAPTER 12: MEFIDIS: A Physically Based, Spatially Distributed Runoff and Erosion Model for Extreme Rainfall Events -- CHAPTER 13: BAYMOD: Modeling Irrigated Catchments Using the Streamflow Integral Approach -- Section 5: Urban Watershed Models -- CHAPTER 14: EPA Storm Water Management Model, SWMM5 -- CHAPTER 15: IDEAL: Integrated Design and Evaluation Assessment of Loadings Model -- CHAPTER 16: SEDIMOT III Model -- Section 6: Agricultural Watershed Models -- CHAPTER 17: The SPAW Model for Agricultural Field and Pond Hydrologic Simulation -- CHAPTER 18: The APEX Model -- CHAPTER 19: GAMES: The Guelph Model for Evaluating the Effects of Agricultural Management Systems on Erosion and Sedimentation -- Section 7: Planning and Management Models. , CHAPTER 20: Use of Distributed Models for Watershed Management: Case Studies -- CHAPTER 21: RiverWare -- CHAPTER 22: A Parsimonious Watershed Model -- CHAPTER 23: MODSIM: River Basin Management Decision Support System -- CHAPTER 24: Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) Modeling System -- CHAPTER 25: Hydrological River Basin Environment Assessment Model (Hydro-BEAM) -- CHAPTER 26: State of Colorado's Stream Simulation Model (StateMod) -- INDEX.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Water Resource Planning Management -- 1 Hydrological Planning of Watershed of RGSC, Mirzapur, UP, Using GIS Techniques -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 4 Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) Method -- 5 Data Used -- 5.1 Satellite Data -- 5.2 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) -- 6 Results -- 6.1 Gabion Weirs -- 6.2 Check Dams -- 6.3 Farm Pond -- 6.4 Bund -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Hydrological Simulation of a Large Catchment Using the Variable Infiltration Capacity Model -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Case Study Area and Database -- 4 Establishing the VIC Model for the Tekra Catchment -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Rainfall Assessment Through Space and Time from 1999 to 2014 in Salem District, South India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Study Area -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Mean Annual Rainfall -- 4.2 Seasonal Rainfall -- 4.2.1 Winter Season -- 4.2.2 Summer Season -- 4.2.3 Southwest Monsoon (SW) -- 4.2.4 Northeast Monsoon (NE) -- 4.2.5 Precipitation Ratio (PR) -- 4.2.6 Winter Season Precipitation Ratio -- 4.2.7 Summer Season Precipitation Ratio -- 4.2.8 Southwest (SW) Monsoon Precipitation Ratio -- 4.2.9 Northeast (NE) Monsoon Precipitation Ratio -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Assessing Stormwater Harvesting Potential in Dehradun City Using Geospatial Technology -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 General -- 2 Study Area -- 2.1 Geography of the Area -- 2.2 Drainage -- 2.3 Climate and Rainfall -- 2.4 Soil Types -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Spatial Data Collection -- 3.1.1 Land-Use Map -- 3.1.2 Soil Depth and Soil Texture -- 3.1.3 Runoff Coefficient -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References. , 5 Derivation of Geomorphology-based IUH Using GIS-supported GIUH Model for the Barak River Basin -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Database and Drainage Network Development -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Computation of Horton's Ratios -- 2.2 Derivation of IUH Using GIUH Model -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Geomorphic Resources Characterization -- 3.2 Derivation of IUH from Geomorphic Resources Characterization -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Flow Analysis in a Meandering River Using HEC-RAS Model -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Study Area -- 2 Methodology and Model Application -- 2.1 Methodology -- 2.2 Model Application -- 2.3 Performance Evaluation Criteria -- 3 Results and Conclusion -- 3.1 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Study of Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport in Gulf of Khambhat, Western Coast India-A Numerical Approach -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Field Data Analysis -- 2.2 Model Description -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Model Studies Conducted -- 3.2 Simulation of Flow Field for Non-monsoon -- 3.3 Simulation of Flow Field for Monsoon -- 3.4 Sedimentation Studies -- 4 Conclusions -- 4.1 Recommendation for Further Research -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Assessment of Sedimentation in Barak River Reach Using HEC-RAS -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview of HEC-RAS Model -- 2 Methodology and Model Application -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Hydraulic Calibration of Model -- 3.2 Selection of Sediment Transport Function -- 3.3 Prediction of Invert Changes -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Neuro Fuzzy Application in Capacity Prediction and Forecasting Model for Ukai Reservoir -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Literature Review -- 2 Study Area -- 2.1 Data Collection -- 3 Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) -- 3.1 Methodology -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 5 Calibration. , 6 Validation -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Use of Mathematical Techniques for Determining the Reliability of Springs -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Time-Lag -- 3 Rainfall Versus Spring Yield -- 4 Discharge Rate Prediction of Spring -- 5 Spring Yield -- 6 Optimization of the Size of Water Storage Structure -- 7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Impact of Rainwater on Bituminous Road Surfacing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mechanism of Stripping -- 2.1 Detachment -- 2.2 Displacement -- 2.3 Spontaneous Emulsification -- 2.4 Pore Pressure -- 2.5 Hydraulic Scouring -- 3 Experimental Details -- 4 Test Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Stripping of Aggregate Due to Extended Contact Time -- 4.2 Stripping Value of Aggregate Under Acidic/Alkaline Water Condition -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Application of Overall Index of Pollution (OIP) for the Assessment of the Surface Water Quality in the Upper Ganga River Basin, India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Data Collection -- 3.2 Overall Index of Pollution (OIP) -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Climate Change & -- Global Warming -- 13 Transport of Contaminants During Groundwater Surface water Interaction -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Contaminant Transport During GW-SW Interaction -- 2.1 Factors Affecting the Direction of Hydrologic Exchange Between GW and SW -- 2.2 Contaminant Characteristics -- 2.3 Transport Mechanisms -- 2.3.1 Advection -- 2.3.2 Diffusion -- 2.3.3 Hydrodynamic Dispersion -- 2.3.4 Adsorption -- 2.4 Reactions -- 3 Numerical Methods for Contaminant Transport Modelling -- 3.1 Modelling Approach -- 3.2 Solution Methods for Numerical Model -- 3.2.1 Finite Difference Method (FDM) -- 3.2.2 Finite Element Method (FEM) -- 3.2.3 Meshfree Method (MM). , 3.3 Contaminant Transport Models -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Spatiotemporal Variations in the Precipitation Deficit and Groundwater Recharge Deficit of Mula-Mutha Watershed, Maharashtra, India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Data Used -- 3.2 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- 3.3 Standardized Water-Level Index (SWI) -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Patterns of Rainfall in the Study Area -- 5.2 Variations in the Precipitation Deficit -- 5.3 Variations in the Groundwater Recharge Deficit -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 15 Drawdown Minimization by EMPSO in a Heterogenous Aquifer System -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Governing Equations -- 2.2 Finite Element Formulation -- 2.3 Particle Swarm Optimization -- 2.4 Elitist-Mutated PSO Formulation -- 3 Simulation-Optimization Model Formulation -- 3.1 Minimization of Drawdown for 10 Proposed Wells at Given Location -- 4 Tuning of PSO Parameters -- 5 Elitist-Mutated PSO Formulation -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16 Downscaling Precipitation in Hemavathy River Basin by Three Different Approaches -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Downscaling Using LARS Weather Generator -- 3.2 Linear Scaling -- 3.3 Quantile Mapping -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Model Calibration -- 4.2 Downscaling -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 17 Quality of Rooftop Harvested Rainwater Stored in Polyethylene Terephthalate Container -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Area of Study -- 3 Locations for Sample Collection -- 4 Methodology and Data Presentation -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 18 Comparison of Turbulent Hydrodynamics with and without Emergent and Sparse Vegetation Patch in Free Surface Flow -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Experimental Methodology -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Time-Averaged Velocity of Flow -- 3.2 Normal Stresses -- 3.3 Reynolds Shear Stresses -- 3.4 Turbulent Kinetic Energy Spectrum -- 3.5 Secondary Current -- 3.6 Strength of Vortex -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Evaluation of Pan Evaporation Model Developed Using ANN -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Data -- 3 Artificial Neural Networks -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Input Selection -- 4.2 Model Formulation -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 20 Estimation of Pan Evaporation and Actual Evapotranspiration Using GIS and Remote Sensing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Area Description -- 3 Data Collection -- 4 Research Method -- 4.1 Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration -- 4.2 Estimation of Evaporation from Water Bodies -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Image Classification -- 5.2 Estimating Evapotranspiration for Vegetation from the NDVI and Kc Model -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 21 Assessment of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Context of Climate Change for Central India (Madhya Pradesh) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Materials and Methodology -- 3.1 Mann-Kendall (MK) Test -- 3.2 Sen's Slope Estimation Test -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 22 Runoff Curve Number for 36 Small Agricultural Plots at Two Different Climatic Conditions in India -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Site Description -- 2.2 SCS-CN Method -- 2.3 Estimation of CN from Observed P-Q Data -- 2.4 Goodness of Fit -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Curve Number Estimation -- 3.2 Effect of Land Use, Soil Type and Plot Slope on Runoff Coefficient (Rc) and Curve Number (CN) -- 3.3 Performance Evaluation -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , 23 Comparison of Various Functional Forms for Wheat Crop Yield in Kanpur Nagar (Uttar Pradesh).

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 An Overview on Environmental Degradation and Mitigation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types of Environmental Degradation -- 1.3 Causes of Environmental Degradation -- 1.4 Impacts of Environmental Degradation -- 1.5 Treatment or Remediation Technologies -- 1.5.1 Prevention of Deforestation -- 1.5.2 Governmental Regulations -- 1.5.3 Sustainable Consumption and Production Regulations -- 1.5.4 Adoption of the Principle of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) -- 1.5.5 Adoption of Environment-Friendly Education -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part II Causes of Degradation -- 2 Deforestation and Forests Degradation Impacts on the Environment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Factors Responsible for Deforestation and Forests Degradation -- 2.2.1 Direct Cause -- 2.2.2 Natural Causes -- 2.2.3 Underlying Causes -- 2.3 Environmental Implications of Deforestation and Forests Degradation -- 2.3.1 Deforestation Impacts on Climate Change -- 2.3.2 Deforestation Impacts on Soil Erosion -- 2.3.3 Deforestation Impacts on Disrupted Livelihood -- 2.3.4 Deforestation Impacts on Water Cycles -- 2.3.5 Deforestation Impacts on Social Consequences -- 2.3.6 Deforestation Impacts on Food Security -- 2.3.7 Health Associated with Forest Threats -- 2.4 Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR): An Initiative Towards Degradation Prevention -- 2.4.1 FLR Principles -- 2.4.2 Characteristics of FLR Initiatives (Maginnis et al. 2007) -- 2.4.3 Few Best Practices for Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) -- 2.5 Policy Interventions -- 2.5.1 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 2.5.2 Aichi Targets -- 2.5.3 Bonn Challenge -- 2.5.4 REDD and REDD + strategies -- 2.5.5 Recommendations and Future Research Prospects -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References. , 3 Measuring Environmental Impact of Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Energy Sectors in Bangladesh Through Life Cycle Assessment -- 3.1 The State of Bangladesh's Economically Important Sectors and Environmental Footprint -- 3.2 Approach for Identifying Literature -- 3.3 Assessment of Environmental Impact/Degradation Based on the Findings of Available LCA Studies for Bangladesh -- 3.3.1 Agricultural Sector -- 3.3.2 Manufacturing Sectors -- 3.3.3 Energy Sector -- 3.4 Environmental Policy Recommendations for Impact Decoupling -- 3.4.1 Policy Interventions for Agricultural Sector -- 3.4.2 Policy Interventions for Manufacturing Sector -- 3.4.3 Policy Interventions for Energy Sector -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides: Impacts on Soil Degradation, Groundwater, and Human Health in Bangladesh -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Types of Agrochemicals -- 4.2.1 Fertilizers -- 4.2.2 Pesticides -- 4.3 Global Use of Agrochemicals -- 4.4 Impacts of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides -- 4.4.1 Impacts on Soil -- 4.4.2 Impacts on Groundwater Resources -- 4.4.3 Impacts on Human Health -- 4.5 Alternatives to Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides -- 4.5.1 Organic Farming: A Sustainable Alternative -- 4.5.2 Integrated Pest Management -- 4.5.3 Biocontrol Agents for Reducing Pesticide Consumption -- 4.5.4 Other Approaches -- 4.5.5 Green Chemistry -- 4.6 Conclusions -- 4.7 Recommendations -- References -- Part III Treatment or Remediation Technologies -- 5 Environmental Impacts and Necessity of Removal of Emerging Contaminants to Facilitate Safe Reuse of Treated Municipal Wastewaters -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Types of Emerging Contaminants of Persistence -- 5.2.1 Pesticides and Herbicides -- 5.2.2 Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products -- 5.2.3 Dyes -- 5.2.4 Industrial Chemicals -- 5.3 Occurrence of ECs in Wastewater and Environment. , 5.3.1 Occurrence of ECs in Effluent Treatment Plant -- 5.3.2 Occurrence of ECs in Environment -- 5.4 Advanced Oxidation Strategies for Removal of ECs -- 5.4.1 Application of Physical Techniques -- 5.4.2 Application of Chemicals Techniques -- 5.5 Hybrid Systems for Augmentation of Performance -- 5.5.1 O3-UV Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.5.2 O3-H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.5.3 UV and Cl2 Integrated Advanced Oxidation Systems -- 5.6 General Discussion -- 5.7 Recommendation -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Emerging Biotechnological Processes in Controlling Nitrogen Pollution to Minimize Eutrophication of Surface Waters in Asia -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Emerging Biotechnological Processes in Controlling Nitrogen Pollution -- 6.2.1 Partial Nitritation-Denitrification -- 6.2.2 ANAMMOX -- 6.2.3 SHARON -- 6.2.4 SHARON-ANAMMOX -- 6.2.5 CANON -- 6.2.6 NOx -- 6.2.7 OLAND -- 6.2.8 DEMON -- 6.2.9 DEAMOX -- 6.2.10 SNAD -- 6.2.11 BABE -- 6.2.12 FeOx/MnOx-Mediated Nitrification and Denitrification -- 6.2.13 Feammox/Mnammox -- 6.3 Recommendations -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Hybrid Anaerobic Baffled Reactor and Upflow Anaerobic Filter for Domestic Wastewater Purification -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Anaerobic Baffled Reactor -- 7.3 Anaerobic Filter for Wastewater Treatment -- 7.4 Experimental Study of the Hybrid System (ABR and AF) -- 7.4.1 Lab-Scale Hybrid System -- 7.4.2 Sampling and Parameter Analysis -- 7.5 Results and Discussion -- 7.5.1 Wastewater Characteristic -- 7.5.2 Performance of the Hybrid System -- 7.6 Conclusion -- 7.7 Recommendation -- References -- 8 Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollutants of Industrial Effluents and Environmental Impacts -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Materials and Methods -- 8.2.1 Adsorbent (Nano CaSPT) -- 8.2.2 Adsorbate [Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III)] -- 8.2.3 Adsorption Experiments. , 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Microscopic Study -- 8.3.2 Surface Property Investigation -- 8.3.3 Batch Adsorption Experiments -- 8.3.4 Adsorption Screening of HM Ions with CaSPT -- 8.3.5 Metal Ion Adsorption on Nano CaSPT -- 8.4 Recommendation and Future Research Prospects -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Textile Dye Removal from Industrial Wastewater by Biological Methods and Impact on Environment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Textile Wastewater Characteristics -- 9.3 Textile Dyes -- 9.3.1 Dye Structure and Properties -- 9.4 Environmental Impacts of Textile Dyes -- 9.4.1 Impact on Aquatic Environment -- 9.4.2 Impact on Vegetation -- 9.4.3 Impact on Human Health -- 9.5 Textile Dye Decolourization Techniques -- 9.5.1 Physical Treatment Techniques -- 9.5.2 Chemical Treatment Techniques -- 9.5.3 Biological Treatments -- 9.5.4 Decolourization of Textile Dyes in Reactors -- 9.5.5 Biofilms -- 9.5.6 Decolourization of Textile Dyes in Fixed (Packed) Bed Biofilm Reactors -- 9.6 Conclusions -- 9.7 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Environmental Remediation Technologies -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Remediation Technologies and Their Application -- 10.2.1 NanoRemediation Technology -- 10.2.2 Solidification and Stabilization -- 10.2.3 Thermal Desorption -- 10.2.4 Gas-Based Techniques -- 10.2.5 Phytoremediation -- 10.3 Selection of Relevant Remediation Technology -- 10.4 Conclusions -- 10.5 Recommendations -- References -- 11 Wastewater Remediation: Emerging Technologies and Future Prospects -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Conventional Effluent Treatment Techniques -- 11.2.1 Physico-chemical Treatment Processes -- 11.2.2 Biological Treatments -- 11.3 Advanced Effluent Treatment Techniques -- 11.3.1 Membrane Distillation (MD) -- 11.3.2 Forward Osmosis -- 11.3.3 Photocatalysis -- 11.3.4 Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology. , 11.4 Sustainability and Value Addition in WWT -- 11.4.1 Recovery of Value Added Products from Effluent Streams -- 11.4.2 Process Intensification -- 11.5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Part IV Impacts of Degradation -- 12 Microbial Diversity and Physio-Chemical Characterization and Treatment of Textiles Effluents -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Pollutants and Aquatic Environment -- 12.3 Effects of Industrial Effluents in Aquatic Environment -- 12.4 Textile Colorants -- 12.5 Study of Textile Effluents -- 12.6 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Effluent -- 12.7 Bioremediation -- 12.7.1 Oscillatoria -- 12.8 Materials and Methods -- 12.8.1 Collection of Samples -- 12.8.2 Study of Microbial Diversity -- 12.9 Results and Discussion -- 12.9.1 Swimming Activity -- 12.9.2 Opercular Beats -- 12.9.3 Rate of Oxygen Consumption -- 12.9.4 Haematological Parameters -- 12.9.5 Biochemical Studies -- 12.9.6 Enzymes Studies -- 12.10 Conclusion -- 12.11 Recommendations -- References -- 13 A Sustainable Solution for the Rehabilitation of Surface Water Quality Degradation -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 Best Management Practice (BMP) to Mitigate Diffuse Pollution -- 13.1.2 Vegetated Ditch -- 13.2 Case Studies of Vegetated Ditch -- 13.2.1 Nitrogen Removal -- 13.2.2 Phosphorus Removal -- 13.2.3 Pesticides Removal -- 13.2.4 Organic Matter Removal -- 13.2.5 Solids Removal -- 13.2.6 Pathogen Removal -- 13.2.7 Heavy Metals Removal -- 13.2.8 Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) Removal -- 13.3 Challenges Faced by the VD and Recommendations for the Enhancement of VD Systems -- 13.3.1 Contaminant Removal Efficiencies -- 13.3.2 Operational and Maintenance Issues -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Recovery from Natural Disasters and Environmental Destruction in East Japan -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Characteristics of the East Japan Area. , 14.3 The Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Anmerkung: Intro -- part1.pdf -- 1-4020-5180-8_1_Part_OnlinePDF.pdf -- SECTION0 Introduction -- Introduction -- 1-4020-5180-8_1_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Physical Environment of India -- Topography -- Political Divisions of India -- Climate -- Meteorological Sub Divisions -- Soils of India -- Land Use and Land Management -- Forests -- Agriculture -- Flora of India -- Fauna of India -- Wetlands -- Lakes -- Hydrology in Ancient India -- part2.pdf -- 1-4020-5180-8_2_Part_OnlinePDF.pdf -- SECTION0 Hydrology and Hydrometeorology -- Hydrology and Hydrometeorology -- 1-4020-5180-8_2_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Water Budget and Population of India -- The water balance equation -- World Water Inventory -- Water Balance for India -- Population and nutrition requirements -- Water poverty index -- 1-4020-5180-8_3_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Rainfall and Analysis of Rainfall Data -- Measurement of rainfall -- Measurement of Snow -- Storage of Rainfall data -- Estimation of Missing Data -- Disaggregation of Daily Data -- Rainfall of Various Durations -- Rain Storm Analysis -- Rainfall Intensity -- Duration -- Frequency Studies -- Long range forecast of monsoon -- Relation between Rainfall Extremes and El Nino Characteristics -- 1-4020-5180-8_4_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Evaporation and other Meteorological Data -- Evaporation -- Temperature -- Humidity -- Sunshine -- Wind -- Atmosphere Pressure -- Radiation -- Automated Weather Station (AWS) -- 1-4020-5180-8_5_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Runoff and Streamflow -- Acquisition and Processing of Streamflow Data -- Stream Gauging Networks -- Hydrologic Design of Projects -- Baseflow -- Flood Frequency Analysis -- Food forecasting -- 1-4020-5180-8_6_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Groundwater -- Introduction -- Hydrogeology of India -- Characterization of Rock Types of India -- Infiltration -- Ground Water Monitoring Network in India -- Ground Water Resources. , Estimation of Ground Water Resource in India -- Norms for Estimation of Recharge -- Ground Water Draft -- Artesian flow -- Conjunctive Use of Water -- part3.pdf -- 1-4020-5180-8_3_Part_OnlinePDF.pdf -- SECTION0 River Basins -- River Basins -- 1-4020-5180-8_7_OnlinePDF.pdf -- River Basins of India -- Major river groups of India -- Mythological Naming of Rivers -- River Basins of India -- Freshwater resources -- Data Requirement for Water Resources Development (WRD) Projects -- 1-4020-5180-8_8_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Ganga Basin -- Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barak (Meghna) Basin -- Ganga Basin -- Major tributaries of Ganga -- The Ganga Delta -- Major Water Resources Development Projects in the Ganga Basin -- Ganga-Brahmputra-Barak Basin Study -- Problems in Water Resources Development of Ganga Basin -- Water Quality Aspects -- Ground Water Aspects in Terai and Ganga Plain Zones -- Ground Water in Ganga Plains -- Epilogue -- 1-4020-5180-8_9_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Brahmaputra and Barak Basin -- The Brahmaputra Basin -- Hydrometeorology of the Basin -- Soils of the Brahmaputra Basin -- Hydrogeology -- Ground Water Resource Potential -- Crops and Cropping Pattern -- Precipitation -- Discharge -- Sediment Transport -- Irrigation -- Hydropower -- Environmental and other aspects -- Concluding Remarks -- 1-4020-5180-8_10_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Indus Basin -- The Indus Basin -- Topography of Indus Basin -- Kandi Belt -- Climate -- Tributaries of the Indus River -- Surface Water Potential of Indus River -- Water Resources Development in Indus basin in India -- Water Resources Projects in Indus Basin -- Dams and Water Transfer in Indus Basin -- Water Resources Development in the Indus basin in Pakistan -- Flash Floods in the Indus River Basin -- Water Quality of the tributaries of Indus basin in Punjab -- 1-4020-5180-8_11_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Narmada Basin -- The Narmada Basin. , Major Tributaries and Sub-basins -- Climate in Narmada Basin -- Soils and Land Use -- Water Resources of Narmada Basin -- Water Quality -- Modeling Studies -- Major Water Resources Projects in Narmada Basin -- Floods, Waterlogging and Drainage -- The Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (NWDT) -- 1-4020-5180-8_12_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Tapi, Sabarmati and Mahi Basins -- The Tapi Basin -- The Sabarmati Basin -- The Mahi Basin -- 1-4020-5180-8_13_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Mahanadi, Subernarekha and BrahmaniBasins -- The Mahanadi Basin -- Subernarekha System -- The Brahmani Basin -- The Baitarani River Basin -- 1-4020-5180-8_14_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Krishna and Godavari Basins -- The Krishna Basin -- The Godavari Basin -- 1-4020-5180-8_15_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Cauvery and Pennar Basins -- The Cauvery Basin -- The Pennar Basin -- 1-4020-5180-8_16_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Other Basins and Islands -- West Flowing River System -- West Flowing Rivers of Kachchh and Saurashtra including Luni and Inland Drainage -- West Flowing Rivers South of Tapi -- East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadiand Godavari -- East Flowing Rivers between Godavariand Krishna -- East Flowing Rivers between Krishnaand Pennar -- East Flowing Rivers between Pennarand Cauvery -- East Flowing Rivers South of Cauvery -- Rivers Draining into Bangladesh -- Hydrology and Water Resources of Islands -- Eminent water resources professionals who have made outstanding contributions in India -- part4.pdf -- 1-4020-5180-8_4_Part_OnlinePDF.pdf -- SECTION0 Water Uses, Projects, Problems, and Governance -- Water Uses, Projects, Problems, and Governance -- 1-4020-5180-8_17_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Major Uses of Water in India -- The demand for water -- Water resources requirement -- Domestic Water Needs -- Irrigation -- Hydropower -- Industrial uses -- Re-cycling and Reuse of water -- Navigation and Other Uses -- Total Water Requirements. , Virtual Water Trade and Water Footprints of India -- 1-4020-5180-8_18_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Problems Related to Water Resources Management in India -- Causes of Water Related Problems in India -- Uneven Distribution of Water Availability -- Floods -- Droughts -- Excessive Groundwater Exploitation -- Drinking Water Problems -- Waterlogging -- Soil Salinity -- Problems in Construction of New Projects -- Climate change and its impact on water resources -- Hydrological Problems of Hard Rock Region -- Threat to Biodiversity and Wetlands -- 1-4020-5180-8_19_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Reservoirs and Lakes -- Need for Storage Reservoirs -- Dams in India -- Problems in Decision Making for Dams -- Reservoir Operation -- Hydrological Aspects of Dam Safety -- Reservoir Sedimentation -- Lakes -- Lakes of India -- Problems of Indian Lakes -- 1-4020-5180-8_20_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Water Quality and Related Aspects -- UN Millennium Development Goals -- Water Quality Requirement for Different Uses -- Sources of Pollution -- River Water Quality -- Ground Water Pollution -- Ground Water Quality -- Pollution in Coastal Areas -- Water related diseases -- Water Quality Monitoring -- Water Quality and Environmental Lawsin India -- Epilogue -- 1-4020-5180-8_21_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Constitutional Provisions, Inter-State Water Disputes and Treaties -- Constitutional Provisions Regarding Water -- River Boards Act -- Inter-State Water Disputes (ISWD) -- Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal -- Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal -- Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal -- Ravi and Beas Water Tribunal -- Cauvery Water Dispute -- Yamuna Water Dispute -- International Treaties -- Cooperation with Neighboring Countries for Joint Water Resources Projects -- 1-4020-5180-8_22_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Inter-Basin Water Transfer -- Introduction -- Inter-Basin Water Transfer -- Planning for IBWT Projects. , IBWT Projects in Other Countries -- Past Indian Experiences on Inter-basin Water Transfer -- Objectives of Inter-basin Transfers of Water -- National Perspective Plan -- Himalayan Rivers Development Component -- Peninsular Rivers Development Component -- Present Status of ILR -- Opposition to the ILR Scheme -- Conclusion -- 1-4020-5180-8_23_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Institutions in the Field of Hydrology and Water Resources -- Main organizations dealing with Water Resources in India -- Ministries involved in Water Sector -- Central Government Organizations and Undertakings -- River basin organizations -- State Government Organizations -- Academic organizations -- Professional Societies -- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) -- International organizations -- Research and development setup in water resources -- 1-4020-5180-8_24_OnlinePDF.pdf -- Concepts of Water Governance for India -- Hydrological Information System (HIS) -- Water Conservation -- Water Quality Improvement and Environment Restoration -- Inter-Basin Water Transfer (IBWT) -- Groundwater Management -- Watershed Management -- Impacts of Climate Change -- Water Pricing -- Public Involvement and Capacity Building -- Initiatives Needed in Water Sector in India -- Epilogue -- Hydrology and Water Resources of India -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- References -- Abbreviations -- Conversion Factors -- National Water Policy -- Need for a National Water Policy -- Information System -- Water Resources Planning -- Institutional Mechanism -- Water Allocation Priorities -- Project Planning -- Ground Water Development -- Drinking Water -- Irrigation -- Resettlement and Rehabilitation -- Financial and Physical Sustainability -- Participatory Approach to Water Resources Management -- Private Sector Participation -- Water Quality -- Water Zoning. , Conservation of Water.