GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Phosphorus  (3)
  • Cyanobacteria  (2)
  • Arsenate  (1)
  • Breast cancer  (1)
Document type
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ cytokine production by breast cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 3 (1996), S. 176-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte ; Immunohistochemistry Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Tumor growth factor-beta 1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Human breast cancers progressively grow despite the presence of extensive lymphocytic infiltration and specific antitumor immune recognition, thereby calling into question the competency of breast tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The function of breast TILs in vivo and their possible role in the suppression of an antitumor immune response are largely unknown. Methods: The cytokines produced in situ by lymphocytes in 89 breast carcinomas and 14 benign breast lesions were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results: The majority of tumor and benign breast samples contained T-cell infiltrates, which were disclosed using an anti-CD3 antibody stain. The percentage of tumor samples in which ⩾3% of the lymphocytes were producing cytokines was as follows: interleukin (IL)-2 45%, IL-4 36%, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) 28%, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) 20%, IL-10 11%, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) 4%, and granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 3%. Production of IL-2, IL-4, and TGF-β1 by TILs in breast cancers exceeded that detected in benign breast lesions (p〈0.005). Significantly more tumor samples contained lymphocytes producing IL-2, IL-4, TGF-β1, and TNF-α than IFN-γ and GM-CSF (p〈0.002 for each comparison). One or more of the potentially immunoinhibitory cytokines—IL-4, IL-10, or TGF-β1—were produced by lymphocytes in 44% of the specimens. No significant associations were seen between lymphocyte production of a particular cytokine and disease-free survival (median follow-up 43 months). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical techniques can be used to detect cytokine secretion by TILs in preserved tissue. The relative lack of secretion of IFN-γ and GM-CSF, rather than a deficiency of IL-2, may explain why the antitumor immune response to breast cancer is impaired.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02305798
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Temporal and spatial variability of dissolved organic and inorganic phosphorus, and metrics of phosphorus bioavailability in an upwelling-dominated coastal system (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005): C10S13, doi:10.1029/2004JC002837.
    Description: High-frequency temporal and spatial shifts in the various dissolved P pools (total, inorganic, and organic) are linked to upwelling/relaxation events and to phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the upwelling-dominated Oregon coastal system. The presence and regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) is apparent in the bulk phytoplankton population and in studies of cell-specific APA using Enzyme Labeled Fluorescence (ELF®). Spatial and temporal variability are also evident in phytoplankton community composition and in APA. The spatial pattern of dissolved phosphorus and APA variability can be explained by bottom-controlled patterns of upwelling, and flushing times of different regions within the study area. The presence of APA in eukaryotic taxa indicates that dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) may contribute to phytoplankton P nutrition in this system, highlighting the need for a more complete understanding of P cycling and bioavailability in the coastal ocean.
    Description: KCR acknowledges WHOI for rapid-response funding that made possible participation on this first COAST cruise, and NSF-OCE grant 0119134 for support of subsequent work on these and other COAST samples.
    Keywords: COAST project ; Phosphorus ; Nutrient cycling
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evidence for the linked biogeochemical cycling of zinc, cobalt, and phosphorus in the western North Atlantic Ocean (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 22 (2008): GB4012, doi:10.1029/2007GB003119.
    Description: Many trace metals such as iron, copper, and manganese have lower concentrations in the surface waters of the North Pacific Ocean than in North Atlantic surface waters. However, cobalt and zinc concentrations in North Atlantic surface waters are often as low as those reported in the North Pacific. We studied the relationship between the distribution of cobalt, zinc, and phosphorus in surface waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean. Both metals show strong depletion in the southern Sargasso Sea, a region characterized by exceedingly low dissolved inorganic phosphorus (generally 〈4 nmol L−1) and measurable alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase is a metalloenzyme (typically containing zinc) that cleaves phosphate monoesters and is a diagnostic indicator of phosphorus stress in phytoplankton. In contrast to the North Pacific Ocean, cobalt and zinc appear to be drawn down to their lowest values only when inorganic phosphorus is below 10 nmol L−1 in the North Atlantic Ocean. Lower levels of phosphorus in the Atlantic may contribute to these differences, possibly through an increased biological demand for zinc and cobalt associated with dissolved organic phosphorus acquisition. This hypothesis is consistent with results of a culture study where alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in the model coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi upon zinc and cobalt limitation.
    Description: This research was supported by NSF grant OCE- 0136835 to J.W.M. and S.D. R.W.J. was supported by an EPA STAR Fellowship.
    Keywords: Trace metals ; Phosphorus ; Sargasso Sea
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Pollution Bulletin 56 (2008): 1049-1056, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.010.
    Description: The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed.
    Description: This paper was developed under the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) core research project on HABs and Eutrophication and the GEOHAB regional focus on HABs in Asia. GEOHAB is supported by the International Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO and by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), which are, in turn, supported by multiple agencies, including NSF and NOAA of the USA.
    Keywords: Urea dumping ; Ocean fertilization ; Carbon credits ; Sulu Sea ; Carbon sequestration ; Harmful algae ; Toxic dinoflagellates ; Cyanobacteria ; Hypoxia
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Arsenate resistance in the unicellular marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii (2014)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This is an open-access article subject to a non-exclusive license between the authors and Frontiers Media SA, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 2 (2011): 214, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00214.
    Description: The toxic arsenate ion can behave as a phosphate analog, and this can result in arsenate toxicity especially in areas with elevated arsenate to phosphate ratios like the surface waters of the ocean gyres. In these systems, cellular arsenate resistance strategies would allow phytoplankton to ameliorate the effects of arsenate transport into the cell. Despite the potential coupling between arsenate and phosphate cycling in oligotrophic marine waters, relatively little is known about arsenate resistance in the nitrogen-fixing marine cyanobacteria that are key components of the microbial community in low nutrient systems. The unicellular diazotroph, Crocosphaera watsonii WH8501, was able to grow at reduced rates with arsenate additions up to 30 nM, and estimated arsenate to phosphate ratios of 6:1. The genome of strain WH8501 contains homologs for arsA, arsH, arsB, and arsC, allowing for the reduction of arsenate to arsenite and the pumping of arsenite out of the cell. The short-term addition of arsenate to the growth medium had no effect on nitrogen fixation. However, arsenate addition did result in the up-regulation of the arsB gene with increasing arsenate concentrations, indicating the induction of the arsenate detoxification response. The arsB gene was also up-regulated by phosphorus stress in concert with a gene encoding the high-affinity phosphate binding protein pstS. Both genes were down-regulated when phosphate was re-fed to phosphorus-stressed cells. A field survey of surface water from the low phosphate western North Atlantic detected expression of C. watsonii arsB, suggestive of the potential importance of arsenate resistance strategies in this and perhaps other systems.
    Description: This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation #OCE-0451419, and the Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education.
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Phosphorus ; Marine ; Arsenate ; Diazotroph ; Crocosphaera
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...