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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth parameters (K s, μmax, Y s) of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 127 (1980), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ; Growth rates ; Growth yields ; Nickel ; Maintenance coefficient ; Interspecies hydrogen transfer ; Saturation constants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was grown on a mineral salts medium in a fermenter gassed with H2 and CO2, which were the sole carbon and energy sources. Under the conditions used the bacterium grew exponentially. The dependence of the growth rate (μ) on the concentration of H2 and CO2 in the incoming gas and the dependence of the growth yield ( $$Y_{CH_4 }$$ ) on the growth rate were determined at pH 7 (the pH optimum) and 65° C (the temperature optimum). The curves relating growth rate to the H2 and CO2 concentration were hyperbolic. From reciprocal plots apparent K s values for H2 and CO2 and μmax were obtained: app. $$K_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} }$$ = 20%; app. $$K_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} }$$ = 11%; μ = 0.69 h-1; t δ (max)=1 h. $$Y_{CH_4 }$$ was 1.6 g mol-1 and almost independent of the growth rate, when the rate of methane formation was not limited by the supply of either H2 or CO2. The yield increased to near 3 g mol-1 when H2 or CO2 were limiting. These findings indicate that methane formation and growth are less tightly coupled at high concentrations of H2 or CO2 in the medium than at low concentrations. The physiological significance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414356
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum requirement for growth of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 105-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nickel ; Cobalt ; Molybdenum ; Iron ; Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ; Trace elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum on H2 and CO2 as sole energy and carbon sources was found to be dependent on Ni, Co, and Mo. At low concentrations of Ni (〈100 nM), Co (〈10 nM) and Mo (〈10 nM) the amount of cells formed was roughly proportional to the amount of transition metal added to the medium; for the formation of 1 g cells (dry weight) approximately 150 nmol NiCl2, 20 nmol CoCl2 and 20 nmol Na2MoO4 were required. A dependence of growth on Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca, Al, and B could not be demonstrated. Conditions are described under which the bacterium grew exponentially with a doubling time of 1.8 h up to a cell density of 2 g cells (dry weight)/1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose fermentation to acetate, CO2 and H2 in the anaerobic hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima: involvement of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 161 (1994), S. 460-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thermotoga maritima ; Hyperthermophiles ; (Eu)Bacteria ; Glucose fermentation ; Acetate formation ; Embden-Meyerhof pathway ; Hexokinase ; Phosphofructokinase ; Acetake kinase ; Sulfur reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hyperthermophilic anaerobic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima was grown on glucose as carbon and energy source. During growth 1 mol glucose was fermented to 2 mol acetate, 2 mol CO2 and 4 mol H2. The molar growth yicld on glucose (Yglucose) was about 45 g cell dry mass/mol glucose. In the presence of elemental sulfur growing cultures of T. maritima converted 1 mol glucose to 2 mol acetate, 2 mol CO2 about 0.5 mol H2 and about 3.5 mol H2S. Yglucose was about 45 g/mol. Cell extracts contained all enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway: hexokinase (0.29 U/mg, 50°C), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (0.56 U/mg, 50°C), phosphofructokinase (0.19 U/mg, 50° C), fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (0.033 U/mg, 50°C), triosephosphate isomerase (6.3 U/mg, 50°C), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+ reducing: 0.63 U/mg, 50°C), phosphoglycerate kinase (3.7 U/mg, 50°C), phosphoglycerate mutase (0.4 U/mg, 50°C); enolase (4 U/mg, 80°C), pyruvate kinase (0.05 U/mg, 50°C). Furthermore, cell extracts contained pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductasee (0.43 U/mg, 60°C); NADH: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (benzylviologen reduction: 0.46 U/mg, 80°C); hydrogenase (benzylviologen reduction: 15 U/mg, 80°C), phosphate acetyltransferase (0.13 U/mg, 80°C), acetate kinase (1.2 U/mg, 55°C), lactate dehydrogenase (0.16 U/mg, 80°C) and pyruvate carboxylase (0.02 U/mg, 50°C). The findings indicate that the hyperthermophilic eubacterium T. maritima ferments sugars (glucose) to acetate, CO2 and H2 involving the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase. Thus, the organism differs from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus which ferments sugars to acetate, CO2 and H2 involving a modified non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff pathway and acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP forming).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307766
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP forming) in archaea, a novel enzyme involved in acetate formation and ATP synthesis (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 72-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Archaea ; Bacteria ; Hyperthermophiles ; Acetate formation ; Pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase ; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP forming) ; Phosphate acetyltransferase ; Acetate kinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea Desulfurococcus amylolyticus, Hyperthermus butylicus, Thermococcus celer, Pyrococcus woesei, the hyperthermophilic bacteria Thermotoga maritima and Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum and the aerobic mesophilic archaeon Halobacterium saccharovorum were grown either on complex media, on sugars or on pyruvate as carbon and energy sources. During growth acetate was formed as fermentation product by all organisms. The enzymes involved in acetyl-CoA formation from pyruvate and in acetate formation from acetyl-CoA were investigated: 1. Cell extracts of all species, both archaea and bacteria, catalyzed the coenzyme A-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate with viologen dyes or with Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin as electron acceptors indicating a pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase to be operative in acetyl-CoA formation from pyruvate. 2. Cell extracts of all archaeal species, both hyperthermophiles (D. amylolyticus, H. butylicus, T. celer, P. woesei) and the mesophile H. saccharovorum, contained an acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP forming), which catalyzes both acetate formation from acetyl-CoA and ATP synthesis from ADP and phosphate (Pi): Acetyl-CoA+ADP+Pi⇌Acetate + ATP+CoA. Phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase could not be detected. 3. Cell extracts of the hyperthermophilic (eu)bacteria T. maritima and C. thermohydrosulfuricum contained phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase rather than acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP forming). These data indicate that acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP forming) represents a typical archaeal property rather than an enzyme specific for hyperthermophiles. It is proposed that in all acetate forming archaea the formation of acetate and of ATP from acetyl-CoA, ADP and Pi are catalyzed by acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP forming), whereas in all acetate forming (eu)bacteria these reactions are catalyzed by two enzymes, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00244267
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