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  • Aromatic hydrocarbons  (2)
  • 16S rRNA sequence analysis  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic degradation of ethylbenzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons by new denitrifying bacteria (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 96-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anaerobic degradation ; Aromatic hydrocarbons ; Alkylbenzenes ; Ethylbenzene ; Crude oil ; Denitrifying bacteria ; Phylogeny ; Thauera selenatis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anaerobic degradation of alkylbenzenes with side chains longer than that of toluene was studied in freshwater mud samples in the presence of nitrate. Two new denitrifying strains, EbN1 and PbN1, were isolated on ethylbenzene and n-propylbenzene, respectively. For comparison, two further denitrifying strains, ToN1 and mXyN1, were isolated from the same mud with toluene and m-xylene, respectively. Sequencing of 16SrDNA revealed a close relationship of the new isolates to Thauera selenatis. The strains exhibited different specific capacities for degradation of alkylbenzenes. In addition to ethylbenzene, strain EbN1 utilized toluence, but not propylbenzene. In contrast, propylbenzene-degrading strain PbN1 did not grow on toluene, but was able to utilize ethylbenzene. Strain ToN1 used toluene as the only hydrocarbon substrate, whereas strain mXyN1 utilized both toluene and m-xylene. Measurement of the degradation balance demonstrated complete oxidation of ethylbenzene to CO2 by strain EbN1. Further characteristic substrates of strains EbN1 and PbN1 were 1-phenylethanol and acetophenone. In contrast to the other isolates, strain mXyN1 did not grow on benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol (also m-methylbenzyl alcohol) was even a specific inhibitor of toluene and m-xylene utilization by strain mXyN1. None of the strains was able to grow on any of the alkylbenzenes with oxygen as electron acceptor. However, polar aromatic compounds such as benzoate were utilized under both oxic and anoxic conditions. All four isolates grew anaerobically on crude oil. Gas chromatographic analysis of crude oil after growth of strain ToN1 revealed specific depletion of toluene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381782
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phototrophic utilization of toluene under anoxic conditions by a new strain of Blastochloris sulfoviridis (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 204-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Phototrophic bacteria ; Photoheterotrophic growth ; Aromatic hydrocarbons ; Toluene ; Benzylsuccinate ; 16S rRNA sequence analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The capacity of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria to utilize aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated in enrichment cultures with toluene. When mineral medium with toluene (provided in an inert carrier phase) was inoculated with activated sludge and incubated under infrared illumination (〉 750 nm), a red-to-brownish culture developed. Agar dilution series indicated the dominance of two types of phototrophic bacteria. One type formed red colonies, had rod-shaped cells with budding division, and grew on benzoate but not on toluene. The other type formed yellow-to-brown colonies, had oval cells, and utilized toluene and benzoate. One strain of the latter type, ToP1, was studied in detail. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and DNA-DNA hybridization indicated an affiliation of strain ToP1 with the species Blastochloris sulfoviridis, a member of the α-subclass of Proteobacteria. However, the type strain (DSM 729) of Blc. sulfoviridis grew neither on toluene nor on benzoate. Light-dependent consumption of toluene in the presence of carbon dioxide and formation of cell mass by strain ToP1 were demonstrated in quantitative growth experiments. Strain ToP1 is the first phototrophic bacterium shown to utilize an aromatic hydrocarbon. In the supernatant of toluene-grown cultures and in cell-free extracts incubated with toluene and fumarate, the formation of benzylsuccinate was detected. These findings indicate that the phototrophic bacterium activates toluene anaerobically by the same mechanism that has been reported for denitrifying and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The natural abundance of phototrophic bacteria with the capacity for toluene utilization was examined in freshwater habitats. Counting series revealed that up to around 1% (1.8 × 105 cells per gram dry mass of sample) of the photoheterotrophic population cultivable with acetate grew on toluene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050761
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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