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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 358 (1975), S. 203-212 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Sleep ; Circadian Rhythm ; Ultradian Rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The periodic alternation between REM and NREM sleep was analyzed. Usually sleep records of consecutive nights of a subject are regarded to be independent events. However, it may be that consecutive nights are realizations of a continuously ongoing rhythm. This was tested in the present study. The temporal patterns of REM and NREM sleep in sequences of about 30 consecutive nights for 3 subjects were analyzed. The results show that only the onset of the first REM sleep phase during any one night may be predicted from the sleep onset time, whereas a systematic phase shift between consecutive nights was observed in the later REM sleep phases. Thus, the onset of later REM sleep phases is better predicted by assuming a rhythm with stable period length which controls the appearance of REM sleep phases in successive nights. Under the experimental conditions the phase shift was between 5 and 10 min per 24 hrs for the 3 subjects. The result is accordance with Kleitman's basic rest activity cycle (BRAC) hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Attention ; Consciousness, disturbance ; Guttman scale ; Neuropsychology, clinical
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 58 aufmerksamkeitsgestörte Patienten mit verschiedenen neurologisch-internistischen Grundleiden und 12 Patienten ohne Aufmerksamkeitsstörung wurden untersucht. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, ein standardisiertes Untersuchungsinstrument zur Messung klinisch faßbarer Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen zu erstellen. Es wurde eine additive, 4stufige Skala der Stimulierbarkeit (Guttman-Skala) aus mehreren heterogenen Reizen entwickelt. Auf der anderen Seite wurde eine 4stufige, additive Skala der Reaktivität aus einem Katalog definierter Reaktionen aufgebaut. Mit diesen beiden Skalen wurden Stimulierbarkeit und Reaktivität aufmerksamkeitsgestörter Patienten gemessen. Stimulierbarkeit und Reaktivität der Patienten verhalten sich proportional zueinander. Die Transformation von Stimulierbarkeit in Reaktivität leistet ein internes System, das der gesuchten Aufmerksamkeitsdimension zugeordnet wird.
    Notes: Summary 58 patients with various underlying neurological diseases, who had an impairment of attention, were examined. 12 patients without clinically evident disorders of attention were examined as a control group. The aim of the study was the development of a standardized procedure for the assessment of impaired attention. An additive, 4 step scale of the “susceptibility to stimulation” (Guttman scale) was constructed out of several, heterogeneous stimuli. In addition, an additive 4 step scale of “reactivity” was constructed out of a catalogue of defined reactions. The two scales permitted the assessment of reactivity and susceptibility to stimulation, the degree of which could be demonstrated as being proportional to one another. The transformation of susceptibility to stimulation into reactivity is thought to be performed by an internal system which is attributed to attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 210 (1975), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Attention ; Coma ; Neuropsychology, clinical ; Poisoning (attention) ; Intoxication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 9 intoxizierten Patienten, die nach einem Suicidversuch in die Intensivstation eingeliefert wurden, wurden das Ausmaß und der Verlauf der Aufmerksamkeitsstörung gemessen. Die Beobachtungszeiträume betrugen für die einzelnen Patienten zwischen 12 und 72 Std. Die Aufmerksamkeit wurde stündlich gemessen. Als Meßinstrument wurden zwei 5stufige additive Skalen zur Bestimmung der Stimulierbarkeit und der Reaktivität der Patienten verwendet. Das Meßinstrument wurde von den Autoren in früheren Untersuchungen entwickelt und auf seine Zuverlässigkeit geprüft. Obwohl sich die originalen Verlaufskurven der Patienten deutlich unterscheiden, sind folgende gemeinsame Merkmale für den Verlauf der Stimulierbarkeit und Reaktivität intoxizierter Patienten kennzeichnend: 1. Im Stundenabstand ändert sich die Aufmerksamkeitsleistung eines Patienten nur sehr geringfügig. Veränderungen um mehr als eine Skalenstufe innerhalb 1 Std wurden nur selten beobachtet. 2. Im Mittel konnte ein linearer Anstieg der Aufmerksamkeitsleistung bis zum Zeitpunkt ihrer vollen Rückbildung beobachtet werden. Die Streuungen sind auf jeder Skalenstufe erheblich, werden jedoch auf den oberen Skalenstufen erwartungsgemäß geringer. Um das Ausmaß der Aufmerksamkeitsleistung zu quantifizieren, wurde ein Verlaufsquotient definiert, der zu jedem Meßzeitpunkt das Verhältnis zwischen beobachteter und maximal möglicher Aufmerksamkeitsleistung angibt. Im Verlauf der Intoxikation ändert sich zwar das Niveau, nicht aber die Struktur der Aufmerksamkeit, wie an der gleichbleibend hohen Korrelation zwischen den Skalen zur Messung der Stimulierbarkeit und Reaktivität nachgewiesen werden konnte.
    Notes: Summary The level and course of attention was measured hourly in 9 drug intoxicated patients after a suicide attempt over periods which varied between 12 and 72 hrs. Attention was measured by the use of two additive 5 step scales for susceptibility to stimulation and reactivity, which were developed by the authors in earlier investigations and proven to be very reliable. Although, the original data set of attention measures was different among the patients, some common features could be elaborated: 1. The level of attention varies very little within 1 hr. Differences greater than one step on the scales were rarely observed between two measurements. 2. The mean course of recovery from attention deficit is linear throughout the scales while the variance is substantial at each step of the scales. For quantification of attention deficit a measure was defined which gives the relation between the actual deficit and full attention. Since the correlation between both scales is high over the whole observation period, it was concluded that the intoxication alters the level but not the structure of attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 266 (1999), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We briefly review and extend our discussion of the ROSAT detectionof the extraordinarily luminous (〉1042 erg/s) partly extended(〉30 kpc diameter) X-ray emission from the ultraluminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240.The `standard'-model of starburst outflow is contrasted with alternatives and a comparison with the X-ray properties of ellipticals is performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 209 (1975), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Attention, scaling of ; Coma ; Guttman scale ; Reactivity in brain damage patients ; Neuropsychology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer ersten Arbeit wurden zwei additive Skalen zur Messung der Stimulierbarkeit (mit 4 experimentellen Reizen) und der Reaktivität (mit 4 Reaktionstypen) bei aufmerksamkeitsgestörten Patienten entwickelt. Der Grad der Aufmerksamkeit eines Patienten wird durch seine Position auf den Skalen angegeben. Die Häufigkeit der Reaktionen korreliert fast vollständig mit der Lokalisation eines Patienten auf den additiven Skalen. Für die Messung der Aufmerksamkeitsleistung bringt demnach die Reaktionshäufigkeit keine zusätzliche Information. Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen unterschiedlicher Ätiologie führen nicht zu unterschiedlichen Reaktionsmustern. Dieses Ergebnis unterstützt die einfaktorielle Theorie der Aufmerksamkeit.
    Notes: Summary In a previous report two additive scales were developed for measuring susceptibility to stimulation (with 4 experimental stimuli) and reactivity (with 4 types of reactions). The degree of loss of attention in neurological patients as determined by the position of a patient correlates with the frequencies of his reactions. Thus the measurement of frequencies does not add any further information. There is no patterning of reactions due to the different etiology of the disorder of attention. These results support the suggested one-factor theory of attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 171 (1990), S. 21-23 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rotating disks and expanding supershells of ionized gas are supposed to be kinematical components essential for the formation of emission-like profiles from starburst nuclei and the narrow-line regions of Seyfert galaxies. Simple models predict a few typical features of line profiles by which disks may be recognized. A giant supershell is identified SE of the nucleus of the starburst galaxy NGC 253. We suggest that the variously reported ‘outflow cones’ in Seyfert nuclei are also induced by superbubble dynamics. Observations of NGC 4151 are shown to be consistent with this scenario.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 163 (1990), S. 201-210 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the kinematics and ionization mechanism of the innermost arc seconds of the nucleus of NGC 6764 (SBb), using spatially-resolved optical spectra. The observed radial variations of the emission line ratios cannot be explained by one single-ionizing agent, but are consistent with circumnuclear ionizeation by hot stars in addition to a central power-law source. We conclude that NGC 6764 is a Composite Galactic Nucleus (CGN).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 225 (1978), S. 233-241 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Sleep ; REM sleep ; Depression ; Cortisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sleep disturbances, which are a prominent symptom of depressive illness, were analyzed in endogenously depressed patients during depression and during full remission. These disturbances may be described at the level of sleep stages, at the level of the sleep profile, and at the level of consecutive sleep records. The scoring of sleep stages in sleep records of depressive patients provides difficulties, because the temporal coherence of different electrophysiological descriptors of sleep is weakened during depression. The sleep profile of depressed patients is characterized by alterations in the normal sequence of sleep stages and frequent stage changes. The disturbances in the sleep profile are unstable in that they show marked day to day fluctuations. It could be shown in some patients that there is a correlation between parameters of the first REM sleep phase and urinary free cortisol excretion in corresponding nights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: This study aims to provide a more detailed understanding of the behavior of 231Pa/230Th under varying ocean circulation regimes. The North Atlantic provides a unique sedimentary setting with its ice-rafted detritus (IRD) layers deposited during glacial times. These layers have been found north of 40° N (Ruddiman Belt) and are most pronounced during Heinrich Stadials. Most of these sediments have been recovered from the deep North Atlantic basin typically below 3000 m water depth. This study reports sedimentological and sediment geochemical data from one of the few sites at intermediate depth of the open North Atlantic (core SU90-I02, 45° N 39° W, 1965 m water depth) within the Ruddiman Belt. The time periods of Heinrich Stadials 1 and 2 of this core were identified with the help of the major element composition by XRF scanning and by IRD counting. Along the core profile, the sedimentary 231Pa/230Th activity ratio has been measured as a kinematic proxy for the circulation strength. The 231Pa/230Th record shows highest values during the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum, above the natural production ratio of these isotopes. During Heinrich Stadials 1 and 2, when Atlantic meridional overturning circulation was most reduced, the 231Pa/230Th record shows overall lowest values below the production ratio. This behavior is contrary to classical findings of 231Pa/230Th from the northwestern Atlantic where a strong Holocene circulation is associated with low values. However, this behavior at the presented location is in agreement with results from simulations of the 231Pa/230Th-enabled Bern3D Earth system model.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
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