Keywords:
Paleoceanography -- Cenozoic -- Methodology.
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Geology, Stratigraphic -- Cenozoic.
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Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
The present volume is the first in a series of two books dedicated to the paleoceanography of the Late Cenozoic ocean. The need for an updated synthesis on paleoceanographic science is urgent, owing to the huge and very diversified progress made in this domain during the last decade. In addition, no comprehensive monography still exists in this domain. This is quite incomprehensible in view of the contribution of paleoceanographic research to our present understanding of the dynamics of the climate-ocean system. The focus on the Late Cenozoic ocean responds to two constraints. Firstly, most quantitative methods, notably those based on micropaleontological approaches, cannot be used back in time beyond a few million years at most. Secondly, the last few million years, with their strong climate oscillations, show specific high frequency changes of the ocean with a relatively reduced influcence of tectonics. The first volume addresses quantitative methodologies to reconstruct the dynamics of the ocean andthe second, major aspects of the ocean system (thermohaline circulation, carbon cycle, productivity, sea level etc.) and will also present regional synthesis about the paleoceanography of major the oceanic basins. In both cases, the focus is the "open ocean leaving aside nearshore processes that depend too much onlocal conditions. In this first volume, we have gathered up-to-date methodologies for the measurement and quantitative interpretation of tracers and proxies in deep sea sediments that allow reconstruction of a few key past-properties of the ocean( temperature, salinity, sea-ice cover, seasonal gradients, pH, ventilation, oceanic currents, thermohaline circulation, and paleoproductivity). Chapters encompass physical methods (conventional grain-size studies, tomodensitometry, magnetic and mineralogical properties), most current biological
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (863 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780080525044
Series Statement:
Issn Series ; v.Volume 1
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=300943
DDC:
551.46
Language:
English
Note:
Front cover -- Proxies in Late Cenozoic Paleoceanography -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Scientific Committee -- Methods in Late Cenozoic Paleoceanography: Introduction -- 1. Tracers and Proxies in Deep-Sea Records -- 2. Overview of Volume Content -- 3. The Need for Multi-tracers and Multi-Proxy Approaches in Paleoceanography -- 4. From the Geological Record to the Sedimentary Signal and the Properties of the Water Column -- 5. How Far Back in Time are the Proxies Effective? -- 6. New Perspectives and Emerging Proxies -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part 1: Deep-Sea Sediment Properties -- Chapter 1. Deep-Sea Sediment Deposits and Properties Controlled by Currents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sediment Transport and Deposition by Deep-Sea Currents -- 3. Sediment Deposition: Quaternary Records of Flow in Large-Scale Features -- 4. Current Problems and Prospects -- References -- Chapter 2. Continuous Physical Properties of Cored Marine Sediments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Continuous Centimeter-Scale Measurements of Physical Properties -- 3. Continuous Millimeter- to Micrometer-Scale Measurements of Physical Properties -- 4. Recent Applications of Continuous Centimeter- to Millimeter-Scale Physical Properties of Marine Sediments -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3. Magnetic Stratigraphy in Paleoceanography: Reversals, Excursions, Paleointensity, and Secular Variation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. Soft Sediment Paleomagnetic Methods -- 4. Magnetometers -- 5. Measurements and Magnetizations -- 6. Data Analysis -- 7. Sediment Magnetism -- 8. Development of Paleomagnetic Records -- 9. The Paleomagnetic Record as a Stratigraphic Tool -- 10. Some Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4. Clay Minerals, Deep Circulation and Climate -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology: The Clay Toolbox in Marine Sediments.
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3. Applications: Clays as a Proxy for Paleocirculation -- 4. Some Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5. Radiocarbon Dating of Deep-Sea Sediments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dating Marine Sediments -- 3. Applications of Marine 14C -- Appendix I - Internet Resources -- References -- Part 2: Biological Tracers and Biomarkers -- Chapter 6. Planktonic Foraminifera as Tracers of Past Oceanic Environments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biology and Ecology of Planktonic Foraminifera -- 3. Planktonic Foraminiferal Proxies -- 4. Modifications After Death -- 5. Perspectives -- WWW Resources -- References -- Chapter 7. Paleoceanographical Proxies Based on Deep-Sea Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblage Characteristics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Benthic Foraminiferal Proxies: A State of the Art -- 3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- 4. Appendix 1 -- References -- Chapter 8. Diatoms: From Micropaleontology to Isotope Geochemistry -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Improvements in Methodologies and Interpretations -- 3. Case Studies -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9. Organic-Walled Dinoflagellate Cysts: Tracers of Sea-Surface Conditions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ecology of Dinoflagellates -- 3. Dinoflagellates vs. Dinocysts and Taphonomical Processes (From the Biocenoses to Thanathocenoses) -- 4. Relationships between Dinocyst Assemblages and Sea-Surface Parameters -- 5. The Development of Quantitative Approaches for the Reconstruction of Hydrographic Parameters Based on Dinocysts -- 6. The Use of Dinocysts in Paleoceanography -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 10. Coccolithophores: From Extant Populations to Fossil Assemblages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Taxonomy -- 3. Biogeography, Sedimentation, and Biogeochemical Significance -- 4. Current State of Methods -- 5. Examples of Applications -- Acknowledgments -- References.
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Chapter 11. Biomarkers as Paleoceanographic Proxies -- 1. Preliminary Considerations -- 2. Methodological Approaches -- 3. Applications -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12. Deep-Sea Corals: New Insights to Paleoceanography -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods and Interpretations -- 3. Landmark Studies -- References -- Chapter 13. Transfer Functions: Methods for Quantitative Paleoceanography Based on Microfossils -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods Based on Calibration -- 3. Methods Based on Similarity -- 4. Comparison of Methods with a Worked Example -- 5. Discussion and Future Developments -- 6. The applications of Transfer Functions Sensu Lato in Paleoceanography -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part 3: Geochemical Tracers -- Chapter 14. Elemental Proxies for Palaeoclimatic and Palaeoceanographic Variability in Marine Sediments: Interpretation and Application -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sedimentary Components of Marine Sediments -- 3. Normalization of Elemental Data -- 4. Palaeoclimatic Records from the Sea Floor -- 5. Metalliferous Sedimentation in the Ocean -- 6. Elemental Proxies for Palaeoproductivity -- 7. Proxies for Redox Conditions at the Sea Floor and in Bottom Sediments -- 8. Future Developments -- 9. Afterword -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 15. Isotopic Tracers of Water Masses and Deep Currents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Present State of Methodological Approaches and Interpretations -- 3. Examples of Applications -- 4. Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 16. Paleoflux and Paleocirculation from Sediment 230Th and 231Pa/230Th -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Factors Controlling the Distribution of 230Th and 231Pa in the Ocean -- 3. Paleoceanographic Applications -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17. Boron Isotopes in Marine Carbonate Sediments and the pH of the Ocean.
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1. Introduction -- 2. Empirical Observations and Theoretical Background -- 3. Caveats and Complications -- 4. Applications of the Boron Isotope Paleo-pH Proxy -- 5. Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 18. The Use of Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes of Foraminifera in Paleoceanography -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Notation and Standards -- 3. Stratigraphic and Paleoecological Use of Foraminifera -- 4. Foraminiferal Oxygen Isotopes as Environmental Proxies -- 5. Foraminiferal Carbon Isotopes as Environmental Proxies -- 6. Conclusion and Summary -- References -- Chapter 19. Elemental Proxies for Reconstructing Cenozoic Seawater Paleotemperatures from Calcareous Fossils -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Thermodynamic Effects on Mg Co-Precipitation in Calcites -- 3. Foraminiferal Mg/Ca Paleothermometry -- 4. Ostracode Mg/Ca Paleothermometry -- 5. Coralline Sr/Ca Paleothermometry -- 6. Contributions to Cenozoic Climate History -- References -- Reconstructing and Modeling Past Oceans -- 1. A Brief Historical Overview -- 2. Classification of Climate Models -- 3. Models and Proxy Data -- 4. International Programs -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Index of Taxa -- Subject Index.
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