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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Gefässchirurgie 5 (2000), S. 241-245 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter HIV ; AIDS ; Bauchaortenaneurysmen ; Ergebnisse ; Chirurgie ; Keywords HIV ; AIDS ; Aneurysm ; Results ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract  An infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to a large variety of complications affecting almost every organ system. With the increasing numbers of HIV infections, some authors have reported an occasional association between an infection with HIV and arterial aneurysm. However, complications affecting the vascular system demanding surgical intervention are rare. The clinical features of three male HIV-positive patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms were retrospectively evaluated. During a 1-year period the patients, ranging from 49 to 59 years of age, were treated operatively. All patients had been infected as a result of homosexual relationships and had been HIV-positive without an acquired immune deficiency syndrome for between 7 and 13 years. Excluding one patient with an evident arteriosclerosis, the aneurysms were unusual, because they affected relatively young patients without evidence of arteriosclerosis, trauma, or other known pathogenic factors. Two cases were treated operatively because of an increasing aneurysm diameter of more than 5 cm. These patients were 49 and 53 years old and had asymptomatic aneurysms. The third patient became symptomatic because of a complete ischemia of the right leg. He had acute thrombosis of his right common iliac artery aneurysm combined with an asymptomatic aortic aneurysm (∅ 4.5 cm). As an emergency operation this patient underwent an iliacofemoral cross over-bypass (PTFE 8 mm). There were no postoperative complications in any of the three patients. Furthermore, during a follow up period of from 3 to 12 months there was no incidence of graft infection or other complications. Considering the increasing number of HIV infections and the longer survival time under antiviral therapy, we expect that the rate of complications involving the vascular system which require surgical intervention will also increase. Should patients with HIV be treated differently than HIV-negative patients? Our postoperative results showed no differences to HIV-negative patients with an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Therefore, HIV-positive patients without an acquired immune deficiency syndrome should also be treated operatively like patients without an HIV infection.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung  Eine Infektion mit HIV führt zu einer Vielzahl von Krankheitsmanifestationen in nahezu jedem Organsystem. Mit der Zunahme von HIV-Infektionen wurde eine gelegentliche Assoziation zwischen HIV-Infektion und Arterienaneurysmen beobachtet. Allerdings sind das Gefäßsystem betreffende Krankheitsbeteiligungen von klinischer Relevanz selten. Die klinischen Befunde von 3 männlichen HIV-positiven Patienten mit infrarenalen Bauchaortenaneurysmen wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Sie wurden innerhalb eines Jahres im Alter zwischen 49 und 59 Jahren operativ behandelt. Alle Patienten hatten sich im Rahmen homosexueller Beziehungen mit HIV infiziert und waren zwischen 7 und 13 Jahren HIV-positiv ohne AIDS definierende Erkrankung. Bis auf 1 Patienten mit eindeutig arteriosklerotischen Veränderungen war eine Assoziation zur HIV- Infektion denkbar, da relativ junge Patienten ohne Hinweis auf eine Arteriosklerose, ein Trauma oder andere typische pathogenetische Ursachen betroffen waren. In 2 Fällen erfolgte bei asymptomatischen Aneurysmen die Operation aufgrund einer Größenzunahme über 5 cm. Diese Patienten waren 49 und 53 Jahre alt und wiesen ein asymptomatisches infrarenales Bauchaortenaneurysma von 5 bzw. 6,3 cm auf. Der 3. Patient wurde mit einer kompletten Ischämie seines rechten Beins symptomatisch. Bei ihm bestand ein akut thrombosiertes Aneurysma der A. iliaca communis rechts sowie ein Bauchaortenaneurysma (∅ 4,5 cm). Als Notfalleingriff wurde ein iliakofemoraler Cross-over-Bypass (PTFE 8 mm) implantiert. In der postoperativen Phase traten bei keinem der Patienten Komplikationen auf. Sie konnten bisher für 3–12 Monate nachbeobachtet werden. Auch im Verlauf zeigten sich keine Anzeichen für eine Protheseninfektion oder andere implantationsbedingte Komplikationen. Mit der zunehmenden Zahl von HIV-Infektionen und der längeren Überlebenszeit unter der antiviralen Therapie muss mit einem Anstieg von Gefäßkomplikationen die eine chirurgische Intervention erfordern gerechnet werden. Hiermit ergibt sich die Frage, ob sich die Operationsindikation von HIV-positiven Patienten mit Bauchaortenaneurysmen von HIV-negativen Patienten unterscheiden sollte. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen keinen Unterschied zu denen von HIV-negativen Patienten mit Bauchaortenaneurysmen. Aus diesem Grund empfehlen wir bei HIV-Patienten ohne AIDS definierende Erkrankung beim Auftreten von Aneurysmen die gleichen diagnostischen und operativen Kriterien wie bei HIV-negativen Patienten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 19-24 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Abdominal surgery ; Long-term results ; Handicap ; Disabled person's pass ; Schlüsselwörter Abdominalchirurgie ; Langzeit-ergebnisse ; Behinderung ; Behindertenausweis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die unterschiedliche Bewertung von Langzeitergebnissen nach abdominalchirurgischen Operationen war für uns Anlaß, den postoperativen Verlauf an 3 exemplarischen Operationsgruppen aus der Sicht des Patienten, des Operateurs und des Versorgungsamts zu untersuchen. Hierbei wurden 2 Gruppen mit benignen Erkrankungen einer Gruppe mit maligner Erkrankung gegenübergestellt. Die klinischen Daten wurden retrospektiv erhoben. Daten zur postoperativen Befindlichkeit und zum Grad der Behinderung konnten durch eine schriftliche Patientenbefragung im März 1995 gewonnen werden. Bei der Auswertung standen 59 Patienten mit Sigmaresektionen bei Divertikulitis (30 weiblich, 29 männlich, Alter im Median 61,5 Jahre) und 347 Patienten mit selektiv proximaler Vagotomie (SPV) bei Ulcera duodeni (72 weiblich, 275 männlich, Alter im Median 46 Jahre) 158 Patienten mit Magenresektion bei Karzinom (56 weiblich, 102 männlich, Alter im Median 61 Jahre) gegenüber. Die Gruppenauswahl erfolgte aufgrund des jeweils großen Krankenguts und bereits vorliegender postoperativer Verlaufsstudien. Das postoperative Intervall der Befragung betrug in der Divertikulitisgruppe im Median 5 Jahre (Spannbreite: 2–7 Jahre), in der SPV-Gruppe im Median 12 Jahre (Spannbreite: 1–24 Jahre) und in der Magenkarzinomgruppe im Median 7 Jahre (Spannbreite: 1–17 Jahre). Nach SPV besaßen 34,6% und nach Sigmaresektion 35,6% der Patienten einen Grad der Behinderung (GdB). Nach Magenresektion bei Karzinom hatten 77,2% der Patienten einen Behinderungsgrad. In Kombination mit zusätzlichen Erkrankungen waren die Patienten laut Versorgungsamt häufig schwerbehindert. Einen Schwerbehindertenausweis besaßen 27,1% der Patienten mit Sigmaresektion, 27,4% der Patienten mit SPV und 75,9% der Patienten mit Magenresektion bei Karzinom. Das postoperative Ergebnis fiel nach subjektiven Kriterien der Patienten und aus der Sicht des Operateurs in den Gruppen mit amtlich anerkannter Behinderung nicht wesentlich schlechter aus als bei Patienten ohne Behinderung. In vielen Fällen muß daher die definitive Graduierung unserer Patienten durch das Versorgungsamt in Frage gestellt werden.
    Notes: Abstract The patient, the surgeon and the public health officer (Versorgungsamt) assess the long-term results of abdominal operations differently. We tried to objectivize these different assessments. The clinical data were collected retrospectively. Data on postoperative subjective state and degree of handicap were obtained in a written patient survey (March 1995). Two groups with benign diseases and one group with malignant disease were examined: 59 patients who had undergone sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis (30 female and 29 male patients, median age: 61.5 years), 347 patients subjected to proximal gastric vagotomy for duodenal ulcers (72 female and 275 male patients, median age: 46 years) and 158 patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma (56 patients female, 102 patients male, median age: 61 years). The public health officer, classed 35.6% of the patients who had undergone sigmoidectomy and 34.6% of the patients who underwent vagotomy as officially handicapped with a stated grade of disablement, 77.2% of the patients with gastrectomy were officially classed as handicapped. When other diseases were taken into account in addition, 27.1% of the patients who had undergone sigmoidectomy, 27.4% of those who had undergone vagotomy and 75.9% of the patients with gastrectomy had received passes officially identifying them as severely handicapped persons. In the vast majority of cases, the combination of several different ailments had resulted in recognition of a graded handicap and severely disabled person's pass, skeletal, cardiac and circulatory ailments being the most frequent. In spite of this, the evaluation of post-operative course by our patients, the surgeon and the public health officer (as reflected in the official state classification) in terms of the degree of handicap clearly differed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 379 (1994), S. 224-228 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Fournier's gangrene ; Necrotizing fasciitis ; Surgical therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Seit der Erstbeschreibung durch Fournier im Jahre 1883 sind in den folgenden 100 Jahren weltweit nur knapp 420 Fälle beschrieben worden. Der anatomische Zusammenhang zwischen den Faszien von Penis, Skrotum, Perineum, Leiste und Glutealregion begünstigt die rasante Ausbreitung mit abszedierenden Einschmelzungen und Untergang des Gewebes. Wir berichten über 2 foudroyante Verläufe mit Befall des Penis und des Skrotums und eines großen Teils des Stammes und der Extremitäten. Durch ausgedehntes, mehrfaches Débride-ment mit Entfernung des Skrotums und eine antibiotische Abdeckung wurde das Krankheitsbild beherrscht. Die Deckung der Hautdefekte erfolgte sekundär mit Meshgraft-Plastiken. Die histologischen Befunde entsprechen denen, die auch bei der nekrotisierenden Fasziitis gefunden werden. Der grundlegende Unterschied dieser beiden Erkrankungen liegt in der Lokalisation. Während die Fournier-Gangrdn als Sonderform primär im anogenitalen Bereich anzutreffen ist, entsteht die Fasziitis an allen Lokalisationen des Körpers. Zur erfolgreichen Behandlung einer Fournier-Gangrdn sind ein rasches radikales Wunddé-bridement und eine antibiotische Abdeckung erforderlich.
    Notes: Abstract Since first described in 1883 by Fournier only 420 cases of Fournier's gangrene have been published worldwide during the last 100 years. The anatomic association between the fascies of penis, scrotum, perineum, groin and gluteal favors the fast spread of tissue necrosis. We report two cases in which the penis, scrotum and a great part of the trunk and extremities were affected. Extensive débridement, including removal of the scrotum, and antibiotic treatment permitted us to get rid of the symptoms. Reconstruction of the skin defects was done in a second step by applying mesh grafts. The histological findings correspond to those found in cases of necrotizing fasciitis. The basic difference between these two illnesses is their localization. While Fournier's gangrene, as a special form, is localized primarily in the anogenital area, fasciitis may arise in all locations. For successful treatment of Fournier's gangrene speedy radical débridement and local application of antibiotics to cover the entire area are required.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Southeast Asian rivers convey large amounts of organic carbon, but little is known about the fate of this terrestrial material in estuaries. Although Southeast Asia is, by area, considered a hotspot of estuarine carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, studies in this region are very scarce. We measured dissolved and particulate organic carbon, as well as CO2 partial pressures and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in two tropical estuaries in Sarawak, Malaysia, whose coastal area is covered by carbon-rich peatlands. We surveyed the estuaries of the rivers Lupar and Saribas during the wet and dry season, respectively. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios suggest that dissolved organic matter (DOM) is largely of terrestrial origin. We found evidence that a large fraction of this carbon is respired. The median pCO(2) in the estuaries ranged between 640 and 5065 mu atm with little seasonal variation. CO2 fluxes were determined with a floating chamber and estimated to amount to 14-268 mol m(-2) yr(-1), which is high compared to other studies from tropical and subtropical sites. Estimates derived from a merely wind-driven turbulent diffusivity model were considerably lower, indicating that these models might be inappropriate in estuaries, where tidal currents and river discharge make an important contribution to the turbulence driving water-air gas exchange. Although an observed diurnal variability of CO concentrations suggested that CO was photochemically produced, the overall concentrations and fluxes were relatively moderate (0.4-1.3 nmol L-1 and 0.7-1.8 mmol m(-2) yr(-1)) if compared to published data for oceanic or upwelling systems. We attributed this to the large amounts of suspended matter (4-5004 mg L-1), limiting the light penetration depth and thereby inhibiting CO photoproduction. We concluded that estuaries in this region function as an efficient filter for terrestrial organic carbon and release large amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere. The Lupar and Saribas rivers deliver 0.3 +/- 0.2 TgC yr(-1) to the South China Sea as organic carbon and their mid-estuaries release approximately 0.4 +/- 0.2 TgC yr(-1) into the atmosphere as CO2.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 1 . pp. 61-71.
    Publication Date: 2018-09-26
    Description: We computed high-resolution (1º latitude x 1º longitude) seasonal and annual nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration fields for the Arabian Sea surface layer using a database containing more than 2400 values measured between December 1977 and July 1997. N2O concentrations are highest during the southwest (SW) monsoon along the southern Indian continental shelf. Annual emissions range from 0.33 to 0.70 Tg N2O and are dominated by fluxes from coastal regions during the SW and northeast monsoons. Our revised estimate for the annual N2O flux from the Arabian Sea is much more tightly constrained than the previous consensus derived using averaged in-situ data from a smaller number of studies. However, the tendency to focus on measurements in locally restricted features in combination with insufficient seasonal data coverage leads to considerable uncertainties of the concentration fields and thus in the flux estimates, especially in the coastal zones of the northern and eastern Arabian Sea. The overall mean relative error of the annual N2O emissions from the Arabian Sea was estimated to be at least 65%.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: The sustainability of southern Africa’s natural and managed marine and terrestrial ecosystems is threatened by overuse, mismanagement, population pressures, degradation, and climate change. Counteracting unsustainable development requires a deep understanding of earth system processes and how these are affected by ongoing and anticipated global changes. This information must be translated into practical policy and management interventions. Climate models project that the rate of terrestrial warming in southern Africa is above the global terrestrial average. Moreover, most of the region will become drier. Already there is evidence that climate change is disrupting ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. This is likely to continue in the foreseeable future, but impacts can be partly mitigated through urgent implementation of appropriate policy and management interventions to enhance resilience and sustainability of the ecosystems. The recommendations presented in the previous chapters are informed by a deepened scientific understanding of the relevant earth system processes, but also identify research and knowledge gaps. Ongoing disciplinary research remains critical, but needs to be complemented with cross-disciplinary and transdisciplinary research that can integrate across temporal and spatial scales to give a fuller understanding of not only individual components of the complex earth-system, but how they interact.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: The southern African subcontinent and its surrounding oceans accommodate globally unique ecoregions, characterized by exceptional biodiversity and endemism. This diversity is shaped by extended and steep physical gradients or environmental discontinuities found in both ocean and terrestrial biomes. The region’s biodiversity has historically been the basis of life for indigenous cultures and continues to support countless economic activities, many of them unsustainable, ranging from natural resource exploitation, an extensive fisheries industry and various forms of land use to nature-based tourism. Being at the continent’s southern tip, terrestrial species have limited opportunities for adaptive range shifts under climate change, while warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Marine climate change effects are complex, as warming may strengthen thermal stratification, while shifts in regional wind regimes influence ocean currents and the intensity of nutrient-enriching upwelling. The flora and fauna of marine and terrestrial southern African biomes are of vital importance for global biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. They thus deserve special attention in further research on the impacts of anthropogenic pressures including climate change. Excellent preconditions exist in the form of long-term data sets of high quality to support scientific advice for future sustainable management of these vulnerable biomes.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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