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    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 S., 2,61 MB)
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03F0321A-03F0321E , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Auch als gedr. Ausg. vorh , Steuermechanismen der N2O-Verteilung im Arabischen Meer / T. Rixen... ; Datenmanagement / J. Hermann... , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Gefässchirurgie 5 (2000), S. 241-245 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter HIV ; AIDS ; Bauchaortenaneurysmen ; Ergebnisse ; Chirurgie ; Keywords HIV ; AIDS ; Aneurysm ; Results ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract  An infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to a large variety of complications affecting almost every organ system. With the increasing numbers of HIV infections, some authors have reported an occasional association between an infection with HIV and arterial aneurysm. However, complications affecting the vascular system demanding surgical intervention are rare. The clinical features of three male HIV-positive patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms were retrospectively evaluated. During a 1-year period the patients, ranging from 49 to 59 years of age, were treated operatively. All patients had been infected as a result of homosexual relationships and had been HIV-positive without an acquired immune deficiency syndrome for between 7 and 13 years. Excluding one patient with an evident arteriosclerosis, the aneurysms were unusual, because they affected relatively young patients without evidence of arteriosclerosis, trauma, or other known pathogenic factors. Two cases were treated operatively because of an increasing aneurysm diameter of more than 5 cm. These patients were 49 and 53 years old and had asymptomatic aneurysms. The third patient became symptomatic because of a complete ischemia of the right leg. He had acute thrombosis of his right common iliac artery aneurysm combined with an asymptomatic aortic aneurysm (∅ 4.5 cm). As an emergency operation this patient underwent an iliacofemoral cross over-bypass (PTFE 8 mm). There were no postoperative complications in any of the three patients. Furthermore, during a follow up period of from 3 to 12 months there was no incidence of graft infection or other complications. Considering the increasing number of HIV infections and the longer survival time under antiviral therapy, we expect that the rate of complications involving the vascular system which require surgical intervention will also increase. Should patients with HIV be treated differently than HIV-negative patients? Our postoperative results showed no differences to HIV-negative patients with an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Therefore, HIV-positive patients without an acquired immune deficiency syndrome should also be treated operatively like patients without an HIV infection.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung  Eine Infektion mit HIV führt zu einer Vielzahl von Krankheitsmanifestationen in nahezu jedem Organsystem. Mit der Zunahme von HIV-Infektionen wurde eine gelegentliche Assoziation zwischen HIV-Infektion und Arterienaneurysmen beobachtet. Allerdings sind das Gefäßsystem betreffende Krankheitsbeteiligungen von klinischer Relevanz selten. Die klinischen Befunde von 3 männlichen HIV-positiven Patienten mit infrarenalen Bauchaortenaneurysmen wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Sie wurden innerhalb eines Jahres im Alter zwischen 49 und 59 Jahren operativ behandelt. Alle Patienten hatten sich im Rahmen homosexueller Beziehungen mit HIV infiziert und waren zwischen 7 und 13 Jahren HIV-positiv ohne AIDS definierende Erkrankung. Bis auf 1 Patienten mit eindeutig arteriosklerotischen Veränderungen war eine Assoziation zur HIV- Infektion denkbar, da relativ junge Patienten ohne Hinweis auf eine Arteriosklerose, ein Trauma oder andere typische pathogenetische Ursachen betroffen waren. In 2 Fällen erfolgte bei asymptomatischen Aneurysmen die Operation aufgrund einer Größenzunahme über 5 cm. Diese Patienten waren 49 und 53 Jahre alt und wiesen ein asymptomatisches infrarenales Bauchaortenaneurysma von 5 bzw. 6,3 cm auf. Der 3. Patient wurde mit einer kompletten Ischämie seines rechten Beins symptomatisch. Bei ihm bestand ein akut thrombosiertes Aneurysma der A. iliaca communis rechts sowie ein Bauchaortenaneurysma (∅ 4,5 cm). Als Notfalleingriff wurde ein iliakofemoraler Cross-over-Bypass (PTFE 8 mm) implantiert. In der postoperativen Phase traten bei keinem der Patienten Komplikationen auf. Sie konnten bisher für 3–12 Monate nachbeobachtet werden. Auch im Verlauf zeigten sich keine Anzeichen für eine Protheseninfektion oder andere implantationsbedingte Komplikationen. Mit der zunehmenden Zahl von HIV-Infektionen und der längeren Überlebenszeit unter der antiviralen Therapie muss mit einem Anstieg von Gefäßkomplikationen die eine chirurgische Intervention erfordern gerechnet werden. Hiermit ergibt sich die Frage, ob sich die Operationsindikation von HIV-positiven Patienten mit Bauchaortenaneurysmen von HIV-negativen Patienten unterscheiden sollte. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen keinen Unterschied zu denen von HIV-negativen Patienten mit Bauchaortenaneurysmen. Aus diesem Grund empfehlen wir bei HIV-Patienten ohne AIDS definierende Erkrankung beim Auftreten von Aneurysmen die gleichen diagnostischen und operativen Kriterien wie bei HIV-negativen Patienten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 379 (1994), S. 224-228 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Fournier's gangrene ; Necrotizing fasciitis ; Surgical therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Seit der Erstbeschreibung durch Fournier im Jahre 1883 sind in den folgenden 100 Jahren weltweit nur knapp 420 Fälle beschrieben worden. Der anatomische Zusammenhang zwischen den Faszien von Penis, Skrotum, Perineum, Leiste und Glutealregion begünstigt die rasante Ausbreitung mit abszedierenden Einschmelzungen und Untergang des Gewebes. Wir berichten über 2 foudroyante Verläufe mit Befall des Penis und des Skrotums und eines großen Teils des Stammes und der Extremitäten. Durch ausgedehntes, mehrfaches Débride-ment mit Entfernung des Skrotums und eine antibiotische Abdeckung wurde das Krankheitsbild beherrscht. Die Deckung der Hautdefekte erfolgte sekundär mit Meshgraft-Plastiken. Die histologischen Befunde entsprechen denen, die auch bei der nekrotisierenden Fasziitis gefunden werden. Der grundlegende Unterschied dieser beiden Erkrankungen liegt in der Lokalisation. Während die Fournier-Gangrdn als Sonderform primär im anogenitalen Bereich anzutreffen ist, entsteht die Fasziitis an allen Lokalisationen des Körpers. Zur erfolgreichen Behandlung einer Fournier-Gangrdn sind ein rasches radikales Wunddé-bridement und eine antibiotische Abdeckung erforderlich.
    Notes: Abstract Since first described in 1883 by Fournier only 420 cases of Fournier's gangrene have been published worldwide during the last 100 years. The anatomic association between the fascies of penis, scrotum, perineum, groin and gluteal favors the fast spread of tissue necrosis. We report two cases in which the penis, scrotum and a great part of the trunk and extremities were affected. Extensive débridement, including removal of the scrotum, and antibiotic treatment permitted us to get rid of the symptoms. Reconstruction of the skin defects was done in a second step by applying mesh grafts. The histological findings correspond to those found in cases of necrotizing fasciitis. The basic difference between these two illnesses is their localization. While Fournier's gangrene, as a special form, is localized primarily in the anogenital area, fasciitis may arise in all locations. For successful treatment of Fournier's gangrene speedy radical débridement and local application of antibiotics to cover the entire area are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 19-24 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Abdominal surgery ; Long-term results ; Handicap ; Disabled person's pass ; Schlüsselwörter Abdominalchirurgie ; Langzeit-ergebnisse ; Behinderung ; Behindertenausweis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die unterschiedliche Bewertung von Langzeitergebnissen nach abdominalchirurgischen Operationen war für uns Anlaß, den postoperativen Verlauf an 3 exemplarischen Operationsgruppen aus der Sicht des Patienten, des Operateurs und des Versorgungsamts zu untersuchen. Hierbei wurden 2 Gruppen mit benignen Erkrankungen einer Gruppe mit maligner Erkrankung gegenübergestellt. Die klinischen Daten wurden retrospektiv erhoben. Daten zur postoperativen Befindlichkeit und zum Grad der Behinderung konnten durch eine schriftliche Patientenbefragung im März 1995 gewonnen werden. Bei der Auswertung standen 59 Patienten mit Sigmaresektionen bei Divertikulitis (30 weiblich, 29 männlich, Alter im Median 61,5 Jahre) und 347 Patienten mit selektiv proximaler Vagotomie (SPV) bei Ulcera duodeni (72 weiblich, 275 männlich, Alter im Median 46 Jahre) 158 Patienten mit Magenresektion bei Karzinom (56 weiblich, 102 männlich, Alter im Median 61 Jahre) gegenüber. Die Gruppenauswahl erfolgte aufgrund des jeweils großen Krankenguts und bereits vorliegender postoperativer Verlaufsstudien. Das postoperative Intervall der Befragung betrug in der Divertikulitisgruppe im Median 5 Jahre (Spannbreite: 2–7 Jahre), in der SPV-Gruppe im Median 12 Jahre (Spannbreite: 1–24 Jahre) und in der Magenkarzinomgruppe im Median 7 Jahre (Spannbreite: 1–17 Jahre). Nach SPV besaßen 34,6% und nach Sigmaresektion 35,6% der Patienten einen Grad der Behinderung (GdB). Nach Magenresektion bei Karzinom hatten 77,2% der Patienten einen Behinderungsgrad. In Kombination mit zusätzlichen Erkrankungen waren die Patienten laut Versorgungsamt häufig schwerbehindert. Einen Schwerbehindertenausweis besaßen 27,1% der Patienten mit Sigmaresektion, 27,4% der Patienten mit SPV und 75,9% der Patienten mit Magenresektion bei Karzinom. Das postoperative Ergebnis fiel nach subjektiven Kriterien der Patienten und aus der Sicht des Operateurs in den Gruppen mit amtlich anerkannter Behinderung nicht wesentlich schlechter aus als bei Patienten ohne Behinderung. In vielen Fällen muß daher die definitive Graduierung unserer Patienten durch das Versorgungsamt in Frage gestellt werden.
    Notes: Abstract The patient, the surgeon and the public health officer (Versorgungsamt) assess the long-term results of abdominal operations differently. We tried to objectivize these different assessments. The clinical data were collected retrospectively. Data on postoperative subjective state and degree of handicap were obtained in a written patient survey (March 1995). Two groups with benign diseases and one group with malignant disease were examined: 59 patients who had undergone sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis (30 female and 29 male patients, median age: 61.5 years), 347 patients subjected to proximal gastric vagotomy for duodenal ulcers (72 female and 275 male patients, median age: 46 years) and 158 patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma (56 patients female, 102 patients male, median age: 61 years). The public health officer, classed 35.6% of the patients who had undergone sigmoidectomy and 34.6% of the patients who underwent vagotomy as officially handicapped with a stated grade of disablement, 77.2% of the patients with gastrectomy were officially classed as handicapped. When other diseases were taken into account in addition, 27.1% of the patients who had undergone sigmoidectomy, 27.4% of those who had undergone vagotomy and 75.9% of the patients with gastrectomy had received passes officially identifying them as severely handicapped persons. In the vast majority of cases, the combination of several different ailments had resulted in recognition of a graded handicap and severely disabled person's pass, skeletal, cardiac and circulatory ailments being the most frequent. In spite of this, the evaluation of post-operative course by our patients, the surgeon and the public health officer (as reflected in the official state classification) in terms of the degree of handicap clearly differed.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Southeast Asian rivers convey large amounts of organic carbon, but little is known about the fate of this terrestrial material in estuaries. Although Southeast Asia is, by area, considered a hotspot of estuarine carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, studies in this region are very scarce. We measured dissolved and particulate organic carbon, as well as CO2 partial pressures and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in two tropical estuaries in Sarawak, Malaysia, whose coastal area is covered by carbon-rich peatlands. We surveyed the estuaries of the rivers Lupar and Saribas during the wet and dry season, respectively. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios suggest that dissolved organic matter (DOM) is largely of terrestrial origin. We found evidence that a large fraction of this carbon is respired. The median pCO(2) in the estuaries ranged between 640 and 5065 mu atm with little seasonal variation. CO2 fluxes were determined with a floating chamber and estimated to amount to 14-268 mol m(-2) yr(-1), which is high compared to other studies from tropical and subtropical sites. Estimates derived from a merely wind-driven turbulent diffusivity model were considerably lower, indicating that these models might be inappropriate in estuaries, where tidal currents and river discharge make an important contribution to the turbulence driving water-air gas exchange. Although an observed diurnal variability of CO concentrations suggested that CO was photochemically produced, the overall concentrations and fluxes were relatively moderate (0.4-1.3 nmol L-1 and 0.7-1.8 mmol m(-2) yr(-1)) if compared to published data for oceanic or upwelling systems. We attributed this to the large amounts of suspended matter (4-5004 mg L-1), limiting the light penetration depth and thereby inhibiting CO photoproduction. We concluded that estuaries in this region function as an efficient filter for terrestrial organic carbon and release large amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere. The Lupar and Saribas rivers deliver 0.3 +/- 0.2 TgC yr(-1) to the South China Sea as organic carbon and their mid-estuaries release approximately 0.4 +/- 0.2 TgC yr(-1) into the atmosphere as CO2.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 1 . pp. 61-71.
    Publication Date: 2018-09-26
    Description: We computed high-resolution (1º latitude x 1º longitude) seasonal and annual nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration fields for the Arabian Sea surface layer using a database containing more than 2400 values measured between December 1977 and July 1997. N2O concentrations are highest during the southwest (SW) monsoon along the southern Indian continental shelf. Annual emissions range from 0.33 to 0.70 Tg N2O and are dominated by fluxes from coastal regions during the SW and northeast monsoons. Our revised estimate for the annual N2O flux from the Arabian Sea is much more tightly constrained than the previous consensus derived using averaged in-situ data from a smaller number of studies. However, the tendency to focus on measurements in locally restricted features in combination with insufficient seasonal data coverage leads to considerable uncertainties of the concentration fields and thus in the flux estimates, especially in the coastal zones of the northern and eastern Arabian Sea. The overall mean relative error of the annual N2O emissions from the Arabian Sea was estimated to be at least 65%.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-12-20
    Description: We investigated the influence of the composition of the vertical particle flux on the removal of particle reactive natural radionuclides (Th-230 and Pa-231) from the water column to the sediments. Radionuclide concentrations determined in sediment traps moored in the western, central and eastern Arabian Sea were related to the major components (carbonate, particulate organic matter (POC), opal, lithogenic material) of the particle flux. These data were combined with sediment trap data previously published from the Southern Ocean, Equatorial Pacific and North Atlantic [Z. Chase, R.F. Anderson, M.Q. Fleisher, P.W. Kubik, The influence of particle composition and particle flux on scavenging of Th, Pa and Be in the ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 204 (2002) 215-229; J.C. Scholten, F. Fietzke, S. Vogler, M. Rutgers van der Loeff, A. Mangini, W Koeve, J. Waniek. P. Stoffers, A. Antia, J. Kass, Trapping efficiencies of sediment traps from the deep eastern North Atlantic: The Th-230 calibration, Deep Sea Research 1148 (2001) 2383-2408]. The correlations observed between the particle-dissolved distribution coefficients (K-d) of Th-230 and Pa-231 and the concentrations of the particle types depend on the sediment trap data set used. This result suggests that scavenging affinities of the nuclides differ between oceanic regions. Several factors (K-d values, reactive surface areas of particles, inter-correlations in closed data set) can, however, influence the observed relationships and thus hamper the interpretation of these correlation coefficients as a measure of relative scavenging affinities of the nuclides to the particle types investigated. The mean fractionation factor (F(Pa/Th)=K-d(Pa)/(K)d(Th)) from the Equatorial Pacific (F=0.11+/-0.03) is similar to that from the North Atlantic (F(Pa/Th)=0.077+/-0.026), and both are lower than the factors from the Arabian Sea (F(Pa/Th)=0.35+/-0.12) and from the Southern Ocean (F(Pa/Th) 0.87+/-0.4). For opal concentrations exceeding similar to60%, an increase in the fractionation factors is observed causing a higher mean fractionation factor for the Southern Ocean trap data set. For the other areas investigated, differences in the mean fractionation factors cannot be related to the particles types considered. In the Arabian Sea, seasonally variable Pa-231(ex)/Th-230(ex) ratios observed in the sediment traps as well as differences of the ratios between recently deposited phytodetritus (fluff) and normal surface sediments indicate seasonal changes in scavenging processes which the generally accepted reversible scavenging models do not envisage. We assume that variable sinking rates of particles, and/or particles not considered in this study (e.g. colloids, manganese oxides, transparent exopolymer particles) may play an important but as yet unexplored role in deep-water scavenging processes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  In: Indian Ocean biogeochemical processes and ecological variability. , ed. by Wiggert, J. D., Hood, R. R., Naqvi, S. W. A., Brink, K. H. and Smith, S. L. AGU (American Geophysical Union), Washington, DC, USA, pp. 365-384.
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14 . pp. 1283-1297.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-15
    Description: Despite its importance for the global oceanic nitrogen (N) cycle, considerable uncertainties exist about the N fluxes of the Arabian Sea. On the basis of our recent measurements during the German Arabian Sea Process Study as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in 1995 and 1997, we present estimates of various N sources and sinks such as atmospheric dry and wet depositions of N aerosols, pelagic denitrification, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and advective N input from the south. Additionally, we estimated the N burial in the deep sea and the sedimentary shelf denitrification. On the basis of our measurements and literature data, the N budget for the Arabian Sea was reassessed. It is dominated by the N loss due to denitrification, which is balanced by the advective input of N from the south. The role of N fixation in the Arabian Sea is still difficult to assess owing to the small database available; however, there are hints that it might be more important than previously thought. Atmospheric N depositions are important on a regional scale during the intermonsoon in the central Arabian Sea; however, they play only a minor role for the overall N cycling. Emissions of N2O and ammonia, deep-sea N burial, and N inputs by rivers and marginal seas (i.e., Persian Gulf and Red Sea) are of minor importance. We found that the magnitude of the sedimentary denitrification at the shelf might be ∼17% of the total denitrification in the Arabian Sea, indicating that the shelf sediments might be of considerably greater importance for the N cycling in the Arabian Sea than previously thought. Sedimentary and pelagic denitrification together demand ∼6% of the estimated particulate organic nitrogen export flux from the photic zone. The main northward transport of N into the Arabian Sea occurs in the intermediate layers, indicating that the N cycle of the Arabian Sea might be sensitive to variations of the intermediate water circulation of the Indian Ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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