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  • 1
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    Meteorology and oceanography of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean—a review of German achievements from the last decade (2016)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-09
    Description: In the early 1980s, Germany started a new era of modern Antarctic research. The Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) was founded and important research platforms such as the German permanent station in Antarctica, today called Neumayer III, and the research icebreaker Polarstern were installed. The research primarily focused on the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. In parallel, the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) started a priority program ‘Antarctic Research’ (since 2003 called SPP-1158) to foster and intensify the cooperation between scientists from different German universities and the AWI as well as other institutes involved in polar research. Here, we review the main findings in meteorology and oceanography of the last decade, funded by the priority program. The paper presents field observations and modelling efforts, extending from the stratosphere to the deep ocean. The research spans a large range of temporal and spatial scales, including the interaction of both climate components. In particular, radiative processes, the interaction of the changing ozone layer with large-scale atmospheric circulations, and changes in the sea ice cover are discussed. Climate and weather forecast models provide an insight into the water cycle and the climate change signals associated with synoptic cyclones. Investigations of the atmospheric boundary layer focus on the interaction between atmosphere, sea ice and ocean in the vicinity of polynyas and leads. The chapters dedicated to polar oceanography review the interaction between the ocean and ice shelves with regard to the freshwater input and discuss the changes in water mass characteristics, ventilation and formation rates, crucial for the deepest limb of the global, climate-relevant meridional overturning circulation. They also highlight the associated storage of anthropogenic carbon as well as the cycling of carbon, nutrients and trace metals in the ocean with special emphasis on the Weddell Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    The physiological response of an Antarctic key phytoplankton species to low iron and manganese concentrations (2023)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) availability and the divergent requirements of phytoplankton species were recently shown to be potential important drivers of Southern Ocean community composition. Knowledge about Antarctic phytoplankton species requirements for Fe and Mn remains, however, scarce. By performing laboratory experiments and additional calculations of the photosynthetic electron transport, we investigated the response of the ecologically important species 〈italic toggle="no"〉Phaeocystis antarctica〈/italic〉 under a combination of different Fe and Mn concentrations. Fe deprivation alone provoked typical physiological characteristics of Fe limitation in 〈italic toggle="no"〉P. antarctica〈/italic〉 (e.g., lowered growth and photosynthetic efficiency). In comparison, under Mn deprivation alone, the growth and carbon production of 〈italic toggle="no"〉P. antarctica〈/italic〉 were not impacted. Its tolerance to cope with low Mn concentrations resulted from an efficient photoacclimation strategy, including a higher number of active photosystems II through which fewer electrons were transported. This strategy allowed us to maintain similar high growth and carbon production rates as FeMn‐enriched cells. Due to its low Mn requirement, 〈italic toggle="no"〉P. antarctica〈/italic〉 performed physiologically as Fe‐deprived cells under the combined depletion of Fe and Mn. Hence, our study reveals that different from other Southern Ocean phytoplankton species, 〈italic toggle="no"〉P. antarctica〈/italic〉 possesses a high capacity to cope with natural low Mn concentrations, which can facilitate its dominance over others, potentially explaining its ecological success across the Southern Ocean.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.944462
    Keywords: ddc:577.7 ; Southern Ocean ; Antarctic phytoplankton ; Trace metal ; photophysiology ; carbon fixation
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
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    Ocean acidification decreases the light-use efficiency in an Antarctic diatom under dynamic but not constant light, link to supplementary data (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Holtz, Lena-Maria; Trimborn, Scarlett; Rost, Björn (2015): Ocean acidification decreases the light-use efficiency in an Antarctic diatom under dynamic but not constant light. New Phytologist, 207(1), 159-171, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13334
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: There is increasing evidence that different light intensities strongly modulate the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine phytoplankton. The aim of the present study was to investigate interactive effects of OA and dynamic light, mimicking natural mixing regimes. The Antarctic diatom Chaetoceros debilis was grown under two pCO2 (390 and 1000 latm) and light conditions (constant and dynamic), the latter yielding the same integrated irradiance over the day. To characterize interactive effects between treatments, growth, elemental composition, primary production and photophysiology were investigated. Dynamic light reduced growth and strongly altered the effects of OA on primary production, being unaffected by elevated pCO2 under constant light, yet significantly reduced under dynamic light. Interactive effects between OA and light were also observed for Chl production and particulate organic carbon (POC) quotas. Response patterns can be explained by changes in the cellular energetic balance. While the energy transfer efficiency from photochemistry to biomass production (Phi_e,C) was not affected by OA under constant light, it was drastically reduced under dynamic light. Contrasting responses under different light conditions need to be considered when making predictions regarding a more stratified and acidified future ocean.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 48.3 kBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Open Ocean and coastal phytoplankton communities of western Antarctic Peninsula and Drake Passage waters (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Trimborn, Scarlett; Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Taylor, Bettina B; Bracher, Astrid; Hassler, Christel S (2015): Physiological characteristics of open ocean and coastal phytoplankton communities of Western Antarctic Peninsula and Drake Passage waters. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 98, 115-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.010
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Photophysiological processes as well as uptake characteristics of iron and inorganic carbon were studied in inshore phytoplankton assemblages of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and offshore assemblages of the Drake Passage. Chlorophyll a concentrations and primary productivity decreased from in- to offshore waters. The inverse relationship between low maximum quantum yields of photochemistry in PSII (Fv/Fm) and large sizes of functional absorption cross sections (sigma PSII) in offshore communities indicated iron-limitation. Congruently, the negative correlation between Fv/Fm values and iron uptake rates across our sampling locations suggest an overall better iron uptake capacity in iron-limited pelagic phytoplankton communities. Highest iron uptake capacities could be related to relative abundances of the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica. As chlorophyll a-specific concentrations of humic-like substances were similarly high in offshore and inshore stations, we suggest humic-like substances may play an important role in iron chemistry in both coastal and pelagic phytoplankton assemblages. Regarding inorganic carbon uptake kinetics, the measured maximum short-term uptake rates (Vmax(CO2)) and apparent half-saturation constants (K1/2(CO2)) did not differ between offshore and inshore phytoplankton. Moreover, Vmax(CO2) and K1/2(CO2) did not exhibit any CO2-dependent trend over the natural pCO2 range from 237 to 507 µatm. K1/2(CO2) strongly varied among the sampled phytoplankton communities, ranging between 3.5 and 35.3 µmol/L CO2. While in many of the sampled phytoplankton communities, the operation of carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) was indicated by low K1/2(CO2) values relative to ambient CO2 concentrations, some coastal sites exhibited higher values, suggesting down-regulated CCMs. Overall, our results demonstrate a complex interplay between photophysiological processes, iron and carbon uptake of phytoplankton communities of the WAP and the Drake Passage.
    Keywords: AWI_PhyOce; Physical Oceanography @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Chlorophyll a, primary production and nutrients during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXVIII/2 (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Klaas, Christine; Ossebaar, Sharyn; Soppa, Mariana A; Cheah, Wee; Laglera, Luis Miguel; Santos-Echeandía, Juan; Rost, Björn; Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter A; Bracher, Astrid; Hoppema, Mario; Strass, Volker H; Trimborn, Scarlett (2017): Controls of primary production in two phytoplankton blooms in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 138, 63-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.10.005
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-18
    Description: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current has a high potential for primary production and carbon sequestration through the biological pump. In the current study, two large-scale blooms observed in 2012 during a cruise with R.V. Polarstern were investigated with respect to phytoplankton standing stocks, primary productivity and nutrient budgets. While net primary productivity was similar in both blooms, chlorophyll a -specific photosynthesis was more efficient in the bloom closer to the island of South Georgia (39 °W, 50 °S) compared to the open ocean bloom further east (12 °W, 51 °S). We did not find evidence for light being the driver of bloom dynamics as chlorophyll standing stocks up to 165 mg/m² developed despite mixed layers as deep as 90 m. Since the two bloom regions differ in their distance to shelf areas, potential sources of iron vary. Nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) deficits were similar in both areas despite different bloom ages, but their ratios indicated more pronounced iron limitation at 12 °W compared to 39 °W. While primarily the supply of iron and not the availability of light seemed to control onset and duration of the blooms, higher grazing pressure could have exerted a stronger control toward the declining phase of the blooms.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Nutrient concentrations during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXVIII/2 (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-18
    Keywords: ANT-XXVIII/3; Area/locality; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Nitrate; Phosphate; Polarstern; PS79; PS79/087-2; PS79/088-1; PS79/092-1; PS79/093-1; PS79/095-3; PS79/096-1; PS79/101-1; PS79/102-1; PS79/103-1; PS79/104-1; PS79/105-1; PS79/106-1; PS79/107-1; PS79/108-1; PS79/109-1; PS79/110-1; PS79/111-1; PS79/112-1; PS79/114-2; PS79/115-1; PS79/116-1; PS79/117-1; PS79/118-1; PS79/119-3; PS79/120-1; PS79/121-1; PS79/122-2; PS79/123-1; PS79/124-1; PS79/125-1; PS79/126-1; PS79/127-2; PS79/128-10; PS79/137-7; PS79/144-2; PS79/145-1; PS79/146-1; PS79/147-1; PS79/148-1; PS79/149-1; PS79/150-1; PS79/151-1; PS79/152-1; PS79/153-1; PS79/154-1; PS79/155-1; PS79/156-1; PS79/157-1; PS79/158-1; PS79/159-1; PS79/160-1; PS79/161-1; PS79/162-2; PS79/163-1; PS79/164-1; Silicate; South Atlantic Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2589 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Averaged nutrient concentrations during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXVIII/2 (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-18
    Keywords: ANT-XXVIII/3; Area/locality; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Nitrate; Nitrate/Phosphate deficit ratio; Nitrate deficit, integrated; Phosphate; Phosphate deficit, integrated; Polarstern; PS79; PS79/085-3; PS79/086-2; PS79/087-2; PS79/088-1; PS79/092-1; PS79/093-1; PS79/095-3; PS79/096-1; PS79/101-1; PS79/102-1; PS79/103-1; PS79/104-1; PS79/105-1; PS79/106-1; PS79/107-1; PS79/108-1; PS79/109-1; PS79/110-1; PS79/111-1; PS79/112-1; PS79/114-2; PS79/115-1; PS79/116-1; PS79/117-1; PS79/118-1; PS79/119-3; PS79/120-1; PS79/121-1; PS79/122-2; PS79/123-1; PS79/124-1; PS79/125-1; PS79/126-1; PS79/127-2; PS79/128-10; PS79/137-7; PS79/144-2; PS79/145-1; PS79/146-1; PS79/147-1; PS79/148-1; PS79/149-1; PS79/150-1; PS79/151-1; PS79/152-1; PS79/153-1; PS79/154-1; PS79/155-1; PS79/156-1; PS79/157-1; PS79/158-1; PS79/159-1; PS79/160-1; PS79/161-1; PS79/162-2; PS79/163-1; PS79/164-1; PS79/165-5; PS79/166-1; PS79/167-1; PS79/168-1; PS79/169-1; PS79/170-1; PS79/171-1; PS79/172-1; PS79/173-1; Silicate; Silicate/Nitrate deficite ratio; Silicate deficit, integrated; South Atlantic Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 580 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Chlorophyll a and primary production during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXVIII/2 (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-18
    Keywords: ANT-XXVIII/3; Area/locality; Chlorophyll a, areal concentration; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Mixed layer depth; Photosynthetic efficiency normalized to chlorophyll a biomass; Polarstern; Primary production, integrated; PS79; PS79/085-3; PS79/086-2; PS79/091-5; PS79/114-2; PS79/128-10; PS79/136-8; PS79/137-7; PS79/138-2; PS79/139-3; PS79/140-12; PS79/147-1; PS79/149-1; PS79/155-1; PS79/160-1; PS79/165-5; PS79/168-1; PS79/169-1; PS79/170-1; PS79/174-9; PS79/175-1; Radiation, photosynthetically active per day; South Atlantic Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 116 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    (Table 1) Biological and chemical characteristics of surface water stations during Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP06-08 to the Ross Sea (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Tortell, Philippe Daniel; Trimborn, Scarlett; Li, Y; Rost, Björn; Payne, Christopher D (2010): Inorganic carbon utilization by Ross Sea phytoplankton across natural and experimental CO2 gradients. Journal of Phycology, 46(3), 433-443, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00839.x
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: We present results from a field study of inorganic carbon (C) acquisition by Ross Sea phytoplankton during Phaeocystis-dominated early season blooms. Isotope disequilibrium experiments revealed that HCO3- was the primary inorganic C source for photosynthesis in all phytoplankton assemblages. From these experiments, we also derived relative enhancement factors for HCO3-/CO2 interconversion as a measure of extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity (eCA). The enhancement factors ranged from 1.0 (no apparent eCA activity) to 6.4, with an overall mean of 2.9. Additional eCA measurements, made using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS), yielded activities ranging from 2.4 to 6.9 U/[mg chl a] (mean 4.1). Measurements of short-term C-fixation parameters revealed saturation kinetics with respect to external inorganic carbon, with a mean half-saturation constant for inorganic carbon uptake (K1/2) of ~380 mM. Comparison of our early springtime results with published data from late-season Ross Sea assemblages showed that neither HCO3- utilization nor eCA activity was significantly correlated to ambient CO2 levels or phytoplankton taxonomic composition. We did, however, observe a strong negative relationship between surface water pCO2 and short-term 14C-fixation rates for the early season survey. Direct incubation experiments showed no statistically significant effects of pCO2 (10 to 80 Pa) on relative HCO3- utilization or eCA activity. Our results provide insight into the seasonal regulation of C uptake by Ross Sea phytoplankton across a range of pCO2 and phytoplankton taxonomic composition.
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; Chlorophyll a; CORSACS II; Depth, bottom/max; Depth, top/min; DEPTH, water; Dominant species of live fauna; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Nathaniel B. Palmer; NBP0608; NBP0608_SW14; NBP0608_SW20; NBP0608_SW21; NBP0608_SW23; NBP0608_SW28; NBP0608_SW32; NBP0608_SW35; NBP0608_SW38; NBP0608_SW41; NBP0608_SW42; NBP0608_SW43; NBP0608_SW44; NBP0608_SW45; NBP0608_SW46; NBP0608_SW47; NBP0608_SW48; Nitrate; Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; Ross Sea; Silicon dioxide; Southern Ocean; SPP1158; Surface water sample; SWS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 108 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Dissolved organic matter and trace metals in solid-phase extracts of water samples from the Elbe-Weser estuary (2018)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ksionzek, Kerstin B; Zhang, Jing; Ludwichowski, Kai-Uwe; Wilhelms-Dick, Dorothee; Trimborn, Scarlett; Jendrossek, Thomas; Kattner, Gerhard; Koch, Boris P (2018): Stoichiometry, polarity, and organometallics in solid-phase extracted dissolved organic matter of the Elbe-Weser estuary. PLoS ONE, 13(9), e0203260, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203260
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Water samples were either acidified to pH 2 or processed without acidification (pH 8) prior solid-phase extraction (SPE). SPE was performed in quadruplicates. Thus, the given concentrations and elemental ratios of solid-phase extracts are average values of quadruplicate measurements (+/- standard deviation). Some values for SPE-V and SPE-As were below limit of detection (LOD).
    Keywords: Arsenic, extracted; Arsenic, extracted, standard deviation; BOT; Bottle, unknown; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, dissolved, extracted; Carbon, organic, dissolved, extracted, standard deviation; Carbon/Arsenic ratio; Carbon/Arsenic ratio, standard deviation; Carbon/Chromium ratio; Carbon/Chromium ratio, standard deviation; Carbon/Cobalt ratio; Carbon/Cobalt ratio, standard deviation; Carbon/Copper ratio; Carbon/Copper ratio, standard deviation; Carbon/Nickel ratio; Carbon/Nickel ratio, standard deviation; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard deviation; Carbon/Phosphorus ratio; Carbon/Phosphorus ratio, standard deviation; Carbon/sulfur ratio; Carbon/sulfur ratio, standard deviation; Carbon/Vanadium ratio; Carbon/Vanadium ratio, standard deviation; Chromium, extracted; Chromium, extracted, standard deviation; Cobalt; Cobalt, extracted; Cobalt, extracted, standard deviation; Copper; Copper, extracted; Copper, extracted, standard deviation; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; E1; Elbe_E1; Elbe Estuary; Event label; HE426; HE426/17-1; HE426/19-1; HE426/30-1; Heincke; ICP-MS, Elemental Scientific, seaFAST; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Nickel, extracted; Nickel, extracted, standard deviation; Nitrogen, organic, dissolved, extracted; Nitrogen, organic, dissolved, extracted, standard deviation; Nitrogen, total dissolved; North Sea; pH; Phosphorus, organic, dissolved, extracted, standard deviation; Phosphorus, organic, extracted, dissolved; Salinity; Solid phase extraction (SPE); followed by High temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO); Solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by ICP-MS; Station label; Sulfur, organic, dissolved, extracted; Sulfur, organic, dissolved, extracted, standard deviation; Vanadium, extracted; Vanadium, extracted, standard deviation; W1; W2; Weser_W1; Weser_W2; Weser, Germany, Europe
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 526 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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