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  • 1
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    Nest building by a small mesograzer limits blade size of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (2018)
    SPRINGER
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biology, SPRINGER, 165, pp. 184, ISSN: 0025-3162
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-27
    Description: Small herbivores are abundant on large marine macrophytes, but their impact on their hosts is poorly understood relativeuto large grazers such as urchins and fish. To limit the risks of predation, many marine mesograzers live within nests or burrows,upotentially causing more damage to plants than predicted from consumption alone. To test whether the growth ofularge primary producers can be affected by modification of plant structures by small herbivores, we quantified the effect ofuthe nest-building amphipod Pseudopleonexes lessoniae on blades of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera in New Zealand.uAmphipods create their nests by rolling the blade margin in close proximity to the meristem. Blades with nests were 40%ushorter than blades lacking nests and reduced in area by 55%. We examined the composition of amphipods inhabiting eachunest to assess the temporal persistence of grazer aggregations. Nests were occupied by a single female or male–female pairs, and their newly hatched offspring. Analysis of offspring size distributions suggested that offspring dispersed from the maternal nest and did not remain to breed themselves. By concentrating physical damage and feeding on valuable tissues, these results indicate that even low numbers of small herbivores can cause localized impacts on the morphology and size of fast-growing algal blades. Predicting the consequences of this damage on larger scales will require understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of amphipod nests on giant kelp.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Combined effects of predator cues and competition define habitat choice and food consumption of amphipod mesograzers (2018)
    SPRINGER
    In:  EPIC3Oecologia, SPRINGER, 186, pp. 645-654, ISSN: 0029-8549
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Major consequences of minor damage: impacts of small grazers on fast-growing kelps (2014)
    SPRINGER
    In:  EPIC3Oecologia, SPRINGER, 174(3), pp. 789-801, ISSN: 0029-8549
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Damage by small herbivores can have disproportionately large effects on the fitness of individual plants if damage is concentrated on valuable tissues or on select individuals within a population. In marine systems, the impact of tissue loss on the growth rates of habitat-forming algae is poorly understood. We quantified the grazing damage by an isopod Amphoroidea typa on two species of large kelps, Lessonia spicata and Macrocystis pyrifera, in temperate Chile to test whether non-lethal grazing damage could reduce kelp growth rates and photosynthetic efficiency. For L. spicata, grazing damage was widespread in the field, unevenly distributed on several spatial scales (among individuals and among tissue types) and negatively correlated with blade growth rates. In field experiments, feeding by A. typa reduced the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and led to large reductions (~80 %) in blade growth rates despite limited loss of kelp biomass (0.5 % per day). For M. pyrifera, rates of damage in the field were lower and high densities of grazers were unable to reduce growth rates in field experiments. These results demonstrate that even low per capita grazing rates can result in large reductions in the growth of a kelp, due the spatial clustering of herbivores in the field and the selective removal of photosynthetically active tissues. The impacts of small herbivores on plant performance are thus not easily predicted from consumption rates or abundance in the field, and vary with plant species due to variation in their ability to compensate for damage.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Effects of ocean acidification on different life-cycle stages of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyceae) (2012)
    Botanica Marina
    In:  EPIC3Effects of ocean acidification on different life-cycle stages of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyceae), Botanica Marina, 55(5), pp. 511-525
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Invasion of the Wadden Sea by the Pacific Oyster (Magallana gigas): A Risk to Ecosystem Services? (2019)
    SPRINGER
    In:  EPIC3Atlas of Ecosystem Services. Drivers, Risks and Societal Responses, SPRINGER, pp. 233-235
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-04
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 6
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    Marine Litter as Habitat and Dispersal Vector (2015)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Marine Anthropogenic Litter, Marine Anthropogenic Litter, Berlin, Springer, 447 p., pp. 141-181, ISBN: 978-3-319-16509-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Floating anthropogenic litter provides habitat for a diverse community of marine organisms. A total of 387 taxa, including pro- and eukaryotic micro-organisms, seaweeds and invertebrates, have been found rafting on floating litter in all major oceanic regions. Among the invertebrates, species of bryozoans, crustaceans, molluscs and cnidarians are most frequently reported as rafters on marine litter. Microorganisms are also ubiquitous on marine litter although the composition of the microbial community seems to depend on specific substratum characteristics such as the polymer type of floating plastic items. Sessile suspension feeders are particularly well-adapted to the limited autochthonous food resources on artificial floating substrata and an extended planktonic larval development seems to facilitate colonization of floating litter at sea. Properties of floating litter, such as size and surface rugosity, are crucial for colonization by marine organisms and the subsequent succession of the rafting community. The rafters themselves affect substratum characteristics such as floating stability, buoyancy, and degradation. Under the influence of currents and winds marine litter can transport associated organisms over extensive distances. Because of the great persistence (especially of plastics) and the vast quantities of litter in the world’s oceans, rafting dispersal has become more prevalent in the marine environment, potentially facilitating the spread of invasive species.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 7
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    Marine Anthropogenic Litter (2015)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Berlin, Springer, 447 p., ISBN: 978-3-319-16510-3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: This book describes how manmade litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 8
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    Mikroplastikmüll im Meer (2017)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Faszination Meeresforschung, Springer, pp. 135-141, ISBN: 978-3-662-49714-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 9
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    Tackling Marine Litter - LITTERBASE (2017)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Building Bridges at the Science-Stakeholder Interface: Towards Knowledge Exchange in Earth System Science, SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences, Cham, Springer, 7 p., pp. 85-91, ISBN: 978-3-319-75919-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Anthropogenic litter contamination of the oceans is a global problem of growing concern and currently receives strongly increasing attention by policy makers, public authorities, media and the general public. Unlike many other pollutants, marine litter on beaches and its deleterious effects on marine mammals, birds and turtles have attracted much attention as they can be directly observed by stakeholders.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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