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  • 1
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86 S., 2,54 MB) , Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen
    Language: German
    Note: Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Förderkennzeichen BMU 0327689A , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader. , Mit deutscher Zusammenfassung
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Place of publication not identified] : Springer International Publishing
    Description / Table of Contents: Verlagsbeschreibung: "This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide.The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public."
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 447 S., 9,177 KB)
    ISBN: 9783319165103
    Language: English
    Note: Open Access : This content is freely available online to anyone, anywhere at any time , Parallel als Buch-Ausg. erschienen
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Description / Table of Contents: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 A Brief History of Marine Litter Research -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Seabirds and Seals-The First Signs of Trouble -- 1.3 The Early 1970s-Pellets and Other Problems in the North Atlantic -- 1.4 Shifting Focus to the North Pacific Ocean -- 1.5 Into the Southern Hemisphere -- 1.6 Aloha-The Marine Debris Conferences -- 1.7 Mitigation Measures and Long-Term Changes in Marine Litter -- 1.8 Plastic Degradation and the Microplastic Boom -- 1.9 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Part I Abiotic Aspects of Marine Litter Pollution -- 2 Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Composition -- 2.3 Distribution -- 2.3.1 Beaches -- 2.3.2 Floating Marine Debris -- 2.3.3 Seafloor -- 2.3.4 Microplastics -- 2.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Persistence of Plastic Litter in the Oceans -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Buoyancy and Sampling Errors -- 3.3 Fate of Plastics Entering the Oceans -- 3.3.1 Photo-Oxidative Degradation -- 3.3.2 Mechanisms of Photo-Oxidation -- 3.3.3 Weathering Under Marine Conditions -- 3.4 Microplastics in the Oceans -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Biological Implications of Marine Litter -- 4 Deleterious Effects of Litter on Marine Life -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Entanglement -- 4.2.1 Ways of Entanglement -- 4.2.2 Effects of Entanglement -- 4.3 Smothering -- 4.4 Ingestion of Plastic -- 4.4.1 Ways of Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.1.1 Intentional Ingestion -- Foraging Strategy -- Color -- Age -- Sex -- 4.4.1.2 Accidental and Secondary Ingestion -- 4.4.2 Impacts of Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.2.1 Direct Mortality Caused by Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.3 Indirect Physical Effects of Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.3.1 Chemical Effects from Plastic Ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (456 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319165103
    DDC: 363.728509162
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 4
    Keywords: Kunststoffabfall ; Meeresverschmutzung ; Artensterben
    Description / Table of Contents: Herausgeberinfo: A new report commissioned by WWF provides the most comprehensive account to date of the extent of plastic pollution in the world's oceans. comprehensive account of the extent of plastic pollution in the oceans. oceans, its impact on marine species and ecosystems, and how these trends are and the likely development of these trends in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (221 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9783946211464
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    American Chemistry Society
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology, 50 (2). pp. 915-923.
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: The ingestion of microplastics has been shown for a great variety of marine organisms. However, benthic marine mesoherbivores such as the common periwinkle Littorina littorea have been largely disregarded in studies about the effects of microplastics on the marine biota, probably because the pathway for microplastics to this functional group of organisms was not obvious. In laboratory experiments we showed that the seaweed Fucus vesiculosus retains suspended microplastics on its surface. The numbers of microplastics that adhered to the algae correlated with the concentrations of suspended particles in the water. In choice feeding assays L. littorea did not distinguish between algae with adherent microplastics and clean algae without microplastics, indicating that the snails do not recognize solid nonfood particles in the submillimeter size range as deleterious. In periwinkles that were feeding on contaminated algae, microplastics were found in the stomach and in the gut. However, no microplastics were found in the midgut gland, which is the principle digestive organ of gastropods. Microplastics in the fecal pellets of the periwinkles indicate that the particles do not accumulate rapidly inside the animals but are mostly released with the feces. Our results provide the first evidence that seaweeds may represent an efficient pathway for microplastics from the water to marine benthic herbivores.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: Our objective for this study was to evaluate the influence of preindustrial and expected future atmospheric CO2 concentrations (280 μatm and 700 μatm pCO2, respectively) on different life-cycle stages of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea from Helgoland (Germany, North Sea). Zoospore germination, gametogenesis, vegetative growth, sorus formation and photosynthetic performance of vegetative and fertile tissue were examined. The contribution of external carbonic anhydrase (exCA) to C-supply for net-photosynthesis (net-PS) and the Chla- and phlorotannin content were investigated. Female gametogenesis and vegetative growth of sporophytes were significantly enhanced under the expected future pCO2. rETR(max) and net-PS of young vegetative sporophytes tended to increase performance at higher pCO2. The trend towards elevated net-PS vanished after inhibition of exCA. In vegetative sporophytes, phlorotannin content and Chla content were not significantly affected by pCO2.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Chemistry Society
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology, 50 (2). pp. 915-923.
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: The ingestion of microplastics has been shown for a great variety of marine organisms. However, benthic marine mesoherbivores such as the common periwinkle Littorina littorea have been largely disregarded in studies about the effects of microplastics on the marine biota, probably because the pathway for microplastics to this functional group of organisms was not obvious. In laboratory experiments we showed that the seaweed Fucus vesiculosus retains suspended microplastics on its surface. The numbers of microplastics that adhered to the algae correlated with the concentrations of suspended particles in the water. In choice feeding assays L. littorea did not distinguish between algae with adherent microplastics and clean algae without microplastics, indicating that the snails do not recognize solid nonfood particles in the submillimeter size range as deleterious. In periwinkles that were feeding on contaminated algae, microplastics were found in the stomach and in the gut. However, no microplastics were found in the midgut gland, which is the principle digestive organ of gastropods. Microplastics in the fecal pellets of the periwinkles indicate that the particles do not accumulate rapidly inside the animals but are mostly released with the feces. Our results provide the first evidence that seaweeds may represent an efficient pathway for microplastics from the water to marine benthic herbivores.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Understanding the distribution and structure of biotopes is essential for marine conservation according to international legislation, such as the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The biotope 'Sea Pen and Burrowing Megafuna Communities' is included in the OSPAR list of threatened and/or declining habitats. Accordingly, the MSFD prescribes a monitoring of this biotope by the member states of the EU. In the German North Sea, however, the distribution and spatial extent of this biotope as well as the structuring of its benthic species inventory is unknown. We used an extensive geo-referenced dataset on occurrence, abundance and biomass of the benthic infauna of the south-eastern North Sea to estimate the distribution of the biotope and to characterize the associated infauna assemblages. Sediment preferences of the burrowing megafauna, comprising decapod crustaceans and echiurids, were identified and the core distribution areas of the burrowing megafauna were modelled using Random Forests. Clusters of benthic infauna inside the core distribution areas were identified by fuzzy clustering. The burrowing megafauna occurred on a wide range of sediments with varying mud contents. The core distribution area of the burrowing megafauna was characterized by elevated mud content and a water depth of 25-55 m. The analysis of the benthic communities and their relation to sedimentological conditions identified four infauna clusters of slightly varying species composition. The biotope type 'Sea Pen and Burrowing Megafuna Communities' is primarily located inside the paleo valley of the river Elbe and covers an area of 4980 km2. Dedicated monitoring will have to take into account the spatial extent and the structural variability of the biotope. Our results can provide a baseline for the evaluation of the future development of the environmental status of the biotope. The maps generated herein will facilitate the communication of information relevant for environmental management to authorities and policy makers.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A new report commissioned by WWF provides the most comprehensive account to date of the extent to which plastic pollution is affecting the global ocean, the impacts it’s having on marine species and ecosystems, and how these trends are likely to develop in future. The report by researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) reveals a serious and rapidly worsening situation that demands immediate and concerted international action: ● Today almost every species group in the ocean has encountered plastic pollution, with scientists observing negative effects in almost 90% of assessed species. ● Not only has plastic pollution entered the marine food web, it is significantly affecting the productivity of some of the world’s most important marine ecosystems like coral reefs and mangroves. ● Several key global regions – including areas in the Mediterranean, the East China and Yellow Seas and Arctic sea ice – have already exceeded plastic pollution thresholds beyond which significant ecological risks can occur, and several more regions are expected to follow suit in the coming years. ● If all plastic pollution inputs stopped today, marine microplastic levels would still more than double by 2050 – and some scenarios project a 50-fold increase by 2100.
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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