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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Engineering. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (286 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783662484470
    DDC: 681.111
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 A Sketch of Ancient Western Astronomy -- 1.1 Historical Development of Western Astronomy -- 1.1.1 Egyptian Civilization -- 1.1.2 Mesopotamian Civilization -- 1.1.3 Aegean Civilization -- 1.1.3.1 Minoan and Mycenaean Civilization -- 1.1.3.2 Dark Age -- 1.1.3.3 Classical Age -- 1.1.3.4 Ionia School -- 1.1.3.5 Pythagoras School -- 1.1.3.6 Plato School -- 1.1.3.7 Hellenistic Age -- 1.2 Astronomical Cycles and Calendars -- 1.2.1 Egyptian Calendar -- 1.2.2 Metonic Cycle -- 1.2.3 Callippic Cycle -- 1.2.4 Saros Cycle -- 1.2.5 Exeligmos Cycle -- 1.3 Ancient Astronomical Theories -- 1.3.1 Solar Theory -- 1.3.2 Lunar Theory -- 1.3.3 Planetary Theory -- 1.4 Remarks -- References -- 2 Ancient Astronomical Instruments -- 2.1 Classifications Based on Functions -- 2.1.1 Observation Application -- 2.1.2 Measuring Position and Distance Application -- 2.1.3 Measuring Time Application -- 2.1.4 Computing Application -- 2.1.5 Demonstration Application -- 2.2 Jacob's Staff -- 2.3 Astrolabe -- 2.4 Sundial -- 2.5 Calendrical Device -- 2.5.1 Astrolabe with Calendrical Gearing -- 2.5.2 Sundial with Calendrical Gearing -- 2.6 Planetarium, Astrarium, and Astronomical Clock -- 2.7 Orrery -- 2.8 Comparisons of Astronomical Instruments -- 2.9 Remarks -- References -- 3 Amazing Discovery of Archaeology -- 3.1 Origination and Process of the Discovery -- 3.1.1 Historical Background of Salvage -- 3.1.2 Story of the Antikythera Finding -- 3.2 Introduction of the Excavations -- 3.3 Known Antikythera Astronomical Device -- 3.3.1 Front Plate -- 3.3.2 Back Plate -- 3.3.3 Display Pointers -- 3.3.3.1 Axial Rotation -- 3.3.3.2 Radial Rotation -- 3.3.3.3 Axial Rotation and Radial Sliding -- 3.3.4 Interior Structure of Mechanisms -- 3.4 Relative Historical Background and Records -- 3.5 Remarks -- References -- 4 Modern Reconstruction Research. , 4.1 Early Mentions -- 4.2 Reconstruction Work by Price -- 4.3 Reconstruction Work by Edmund and Morgan -- 4.4 Reconstruction Work by Wright -- 4.5 Reconstruction Work by Freeth et al. -- 4.6 Others' Research After AD 2000 -- References -- 5 Reconstruction Design Methodology -- 5.1 Reconstruction Research -- 5.2 Reconstruction Design Methodology -- 5.2.1 Design Specifications -- 5.2.2 Generalized Chains -- 5.2.3 Specialized Chains -- 5.2.4 Reconstruction Designs -- 5.3 Historical Archives of Antikythera Device -- 5.3.1 Detected Evidence -- 5.3.2 Decoded Information -- 5.3.3 Ancient Astronomy -- 5.3.4 Ancient Astronomical Instruments -- 5.3.5 Modern Kinematic and Mechanism Analyses -- 5.4 Reconstruction Research by Yan and Lin -- 5.4.1 Concepts of Mechanical Designs -- 5.4.1.1 Mechanical Members -- Link or Kinematic Link (KL) -- Gear (KG) -- 5.4.1.2 Joints -- Revolute Joint (JR) -- Pin-in-Slot Joint (JA) -- Gear Joint () -- 5.4.1.3 Degrees of Freedom -- 5.4.1.4 Topological Structure -- 5.4.2 Date Subsystem -- 5.4.3 Eclipse Prediction Subsystem -- 5.4.4 Calendrical Subsystem -- 5.4.5 Lunar Subsystem -- 5.4.6 Solar Subsystem -- 5.4.7 Planetary Subsystem -- 5.4.8 Summary -- 5.5 Comparisons Among Different Reconstruction Researches -- 5.5.1 Comparison with Price's Design -- 5.5.2 Comparison with Edmund and Morgan's Design -- 5.5.3 Comparison with Wright's Design -- 5.5.4 Comparison with the Design of Freeth et al. -- 5.6 Remarks -- References -- 6 Reconstruction Designs of the Calendrical Subsystem -- 6.1 Historical Archives of the Calendrical Subsystem -- 6.2 Design Process of the Calendrical Subsystem -- 6.2.1 Design Specifications -- 6.2.2 Generalized Chains -- 6.2.3 Specialized Chains -- 6.2.3.1 Ground Link (Member 1) -- 6.2.3.2 Callippic Cycle Link (Member 5) -- 6.2.3.3 Olympiad Cycle Link (Member 4) -- 6.2.3.4 Input Link (Member 2). , 6.2.3.5 Metonic Cycle Link (Member 3) -- 6.2.3.6 Transmission Link (Link 6) -- 6.2.4 Reconstruction Designs -- 6.2.4.1 Tooth Calculation of the Feasible Designs -- Feasible Reconstruction Design of Fig. a -- Feasible Reconstruction Design of Fig. b -- 6.3 Remarks -- References -- 7 Reconstruction Designs of the Lunar Subsystem -- 7.1 Historical Archives of the Lunar Subsystem -- 7.1.1 Kinematic Analysis of the Lunar Theory -- 7.1.2 Kinematic Analysis of Epicyclic Gear Trains -- 7.2 Design Process of the Lunar Subsystem -- 7.2.1 Design Specifications -- 7.2.2 Generalized Chains -- 7.2.3 Specialized Chains -- 7.2.3.1 Pin-in-Slot Device (Members 3, 5, and 6, and Joint JA) -- 7.2.3.2 Anomalistic Link (Member 4) -- 7.2.3.3 Ground Link (Member 1) -- 7.2.3.4 Sidereal Link and Output Link (Members 2 and 7) -- 7.2.3.5 Revolute Joints (Joints JR) -- 7.2.3.6 Gear Joints (JG) -- 7.2.4 Reconstruction Designs -- 7.3 Remarks -- References -- 8 Reconstruction Designs of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.1 Historical Archives of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.1.1 Possible Arrangements of the Driving Power -- 8.1.2 Kinematic Analysis of the Solar Theory -- 8.1.3 Eccentric System of the Solar Motion -- 8.1.4 Epicyclic System of the Solar Motion -- 8.1.4.1 Four-Bar Mechanism with 5 Joints -- 8.1.4.2 Five-Bar Mechanism with 7 Joints -- 8.2 Design Process of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.2.1 Type 1 Design of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.2.2 Type 2 Design of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.2.3 Type 3 Design of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.2.3.1 Ground Link (Member 1) -- 8.2.3.2 Input Link (Member 2) -- 8.2.3.3 Output Link (Member 3) -- 8.2.3.4 Transmission Links (Members 4 and 5) -- 8.2.3.5 Pin-in-Slot Joint (Joint JA) -- 8.2.3.6 Revolute Joints (Joint JR) -- 8.2.3.7 Gear Joints (Joint JG) -- 8.3 Remarks -- References -- 9 Reconstruction Designs of the Planetary Subsystem. , 9.1 Historical Archives of the Planetary Subsystem -- 9.1.1 Type 1 Design: Mechanism with One Gear Joint -- 9.1.2 Type 2 Design: Mechanism with Two Gear Joints -- 9.1.2.1 All Planet Gears Are Adjacent to Each Other by a Gear Joint -- 9.1.2.2 Two Planet Gears Are Adjacent to Each Other by a Pin-in-Slot Joint -- 9.2 Design Process of the Planetary Subsystem -- 9.2.1 Type 1 Design of the Planetary Subsystem -- 9.2.2 Type 2 Design of the Planetary Subsystem -- 9.2.2.1 Ground Link (Member 1) -- 9.2.2.2 Output Link (Member 3) -- 9.2.2.3 Input Link (Member 2) -- 9.2.2.4 Transmission Links (Members 4 and 5) -- 9.2.2.5 Pin-in-Slot Joint (Joint JA) -- 9.2.2.6 Gear Joints (Joint JG) -- 9.2.2.7 Revolute Joints (Joint JR) -- 9.3 Remarks -- References -- 10 Reconstruction Designs of the Moon Phase Display Device -- 10.1 Historical Archives of the Moon Phase Display Device -- 10.1.1 Related Evidence and Available Designs -- 10.1.2 Possible Driving Power Arrangements -- 10.1.3 Possible Design Types -- 10.2 Design Process of the Moon Phase Display Device -- 10.2.1 Example 1: Ordinary Gear Trains -- 10.2.2 Example 2: Epicyclic Gear Trains with 1-DOF -- 10.2.3 Example 3: Epicyclic Gear Trains with 2-DOF -- References -- 11 Assembly Work and Models -- 11.1 Complete Interior Mechanisms -- 11.1.1 Assembly Constraints of the Lost Mechanisms -- 11.1.1.1 Driving Power of Lost Mechanisms -- 11.1.1.2 Gear Sizes -- 11.1.1.3 Types of Planets -- 11.1.1.4 Epicyclic System of Superior Planets -- 11.1.2 Assembly Work -- 11.2 3D Reconstruction Model -- 11.2.1 Tooth Calculation -- 11.2.1.1 Calendrical Subsystem -- 11.2.1.2 Solar Subsystem -- 11.2.1.3 Planetary Subsystem -- 11.2.2 Detail Designs of Gears -- 11.2.3 Space Arrangement -- 11.2.4 Simulation Model -- References -- Appendix A All 48 Feasible Designs of CompleteInterior Mechanisms -- Appendix B Detailed Design of Model 9. , Index.
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  • 2
    Keywords: Machine learning -- Congresses. ; Cybernetics -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (1128 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783540335856
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series ; v.3930
    DDC: 006.31
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Table of Contents -- Author Index.
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  • 3
    Keywords: Food science ; Agriculture ; Chemistry ; Trockenlebensmittel ; Pulver ; Lebensmitteltechnologie
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 372 p, digital)
    ISBN: 9780387276137
    Series Statement: Food Engineering Series
    RVK:
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-08-20
    Description: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications. Inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether maternal serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, and adiponectin were associated with GDM. A systematic search of PubMed and Medline was undertaken. In total, 27 trials were evaluated by meta-analyses using the software Review Manager 5.0. The results showed that maternal TNF-α () and leptin () concentrations were significantly higher in GDM patients versus controls. However, maternal adiponectin () concentration was significantly lower in GDM patients compared with controls. Subgroup analysis taking in consideration the effect of obesity on maternal adipokine levels showed that circulating levels of TNF-α and leptin remained elevated in GDM patients compared to their body mass index (BMI) matched controls, and adiponectin level remained depressed in GDM individuals. Our findings strengthen the clinical evidence that GDM is accompanied by exaggerated inflammatory responses.
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-12-08
    Description: Objectives. The utility of informant AD8 for case finding of cognitive impairment at primary healthcare settings is unknown and therefore its feasibility and acceptability for targeted screening at a primary healthcare clinic should be investigated. Methods. The informants of older adult patients attending a primary healthcare clinic in Singapore were administered the AD8. Positive screening findings were provided to patients’ primary care physicians for referrals to specialist memory clinics. The acceptability of AD8 was evaluated by collecting feedbacks from the informants and primary care physicians. Results. 205 patients and their informants were recruited. However, 6 (2.9%) informants were uncontactable, while the majority of the remaining 199 patients with completed AD8 (96.5%, ) found it acceptable where 59 (29.6%) patients were deemed cognitively impaired (AD8 ≥ 2). Clinicians (100%, ) found the AD8 helpful in facilitating referrals to memory clinics. However, most referral recommendations (81.4%, ) were declined by patients and/or informant due to limited insight of implications of cognitive impairment. Conclusions. The AD8 can be easily administered and is well tolerated. It detected cognitive impairment in one-third of older adult patients and therefore may be useful for case finding of cognitive impairment in the primary healthcare.
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: Step-by-step solvent extraction was used to regenerate spent clay by recovering the adsorbed oil in lubricating oil refining clay. Several polar and nonpolar solvents were tested, and petroleum ether (90–120°C) and ethanol (95 v%) were selected as the nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively. The spent clay was first extracted using petroleum ether (90–120°C) to obtain ideal oil and then extracted with a mixed solvent of petroleum ether (90–120°C) and ethanol (95 v%) two or three times to obtain nonideal oil before being extracted with ethanol and water. Finally, the clay was dried at 130°C to obtain regenerated clay. The total oil recovery can be more than 99 wt% of the adsorbed oil. The recovered ideal oil can be used as lubricating base oil. Shorter storage times for spent clay produce better regeneration results. The regenerated clay can be reused to refine the lubricating base oils.
    Print ISSN: 1687-806X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-8078
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-03-16
    Description: The role of marrow microenvironment in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains controversial. Therefore, we studied the influence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from patients with different risk types of MDS on the survival of the MDS cell lines SKM-1 and MUTZ-1. We first demonstrated that the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), smoothened (Smo), and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) was increased in MDS patients ; the increase in expression was positively correlated with the presence of high-risk factors. The Shh signaling inhibitor, cyclopamine, inhibited high-risk MDS BMSC-induced survival of SKM-1 and MUTZ-1 cells, suggesting a role for Shh signaling in MDS cell survival. Furthermore, cyclopamine-mediated inhibition of Shh signaling in SKM-1 and MUTZ-1 cells resulted in decreased DNMT1 expression and cell survival; however, exogenous Shh peptide had the opposite effect, suggesting that Shh signaling could regulate the expression of DNMT1, thereby modulating cell survival in MDS. In addition, the apoptosis of SKM-1 and MUTZ-1 cell increased significantly when cultured with cyclopamine and a demethylation agent, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine. These findings suggest that Shh signaling from BMSCs is important in the pathogenesis of MDS and could play a role in disease progression by modulating methylation.
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9678
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-03-25
    Description: In order to improve the deficiency of vehicle stability region, according to vehicle nonlinear dynamic model, method of estimating vehicle spatial stability region was proposed. With Pacejka magic formula tire model, nonlinear 3DOF vehicle model was deduced and verified though vehicle test. Detailed detecting system and data processing were introduced. In addition, stability of the vehicle system was discussed using Hurwitz criterion. By establishing energy function for vehicle system, the vehicle’s stability region in 20 m/s was estimated based on Lyapunov theorem and vehicle system characteristics. Vehicle test in the same condition shows that the calculated stability region defined by Lyapunov and system stability theorem has good effect on characterized vehicle stability and it could be a valuable reference for vehicle stability evaluation.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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