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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation of particle-telescope technology for medium energy ion beam analysis (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1575-1579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Medium energy (100–300 keV) time-of-flight spectrometry for surface analysis uses the correlated detection of an energetic ion and the secondary electrons emitted as it passes through a carbon foil. When microchannel plates are employed in this detection scheme, a typical mean efficiency of detection of less than 30% is achieved. When instead a surface barrier detector is used to detect the ion, providing simultaneous acquisition of velocity and energy information, certain advantages are realized over the two microchannel plate configuration in the characterization of low level constituents of surfaces. Specifically, energy-discriminated gating of the start pulse was observed to nearly eliminate count rate dependent background in a time-of-flight spectrum. Further reduction in background was obtained by the selective elimination of forward recoil species or backscatters from the substrate. Replacement of the stop microchannel plate by a surface barrier detector has resulted in improved detection efficiency for He, as well as provided a means for further study of the processes which affect time-of-flight spectrometer response, including multiple scattering and secondary electron emission in the start foil. In this publication, we describe the application of this particle telescope to the backscattering analysis of gold on silicon and the forward scattering measurement of hydrogen in a self-supporting carbon film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144894
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Destruction of a MgF2 optical coating by 250 keV α particle irradiation (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1712-1714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnesium fluoride coatings ∼170 A(ring) thick have been evaporated onto mirror-quality Be substrates in ultrahigh vacuum and subsequently subjected to 250 keV α particle irradiation at room temperature. Analysis of the irradiated area by medium energy backscattering spectrometry revealed that the irradiation selectively removed fluorine with an initial yield of 2.2 fluorine atoms per incident α particle. A visible degradation in reflectivity, which became progressively more extensive with increasing dose, was observed after an α particle fluence of 1016 cm−2. After a total irradiation of 4×1017 cm−2 less than 20% of the fluorine in the film remained, effectively reducing it to metallic magnesium. The effect of this change on the reflectivity of the surface was catastrophic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104141
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An algorithm for computing linear four-point probe thickness correction factors (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 3580-3586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An accurate algorithm is described for the computation of the theoretical values of the linear four-point probe thickness correction factors for point injection of current and insulating and conducting substrates. Three expressions are presented for the insulating substrate case that yield maximum fractional errors of 0.03%, 10−6, and 10−16, respectively. Additional expressions are presented for the case of a film on a conducting substrate and a critical comparison of the two cases is made. The theoretical basis of the algorithms, a Euler–Maclaurin expansion, is described. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1394186
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
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    Evolving the Physical Global Ocean Observing System for Research and Application Services Through International Coordination (2019)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 6 . Art.Nr. 449.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Climate change and variability are major societal challenges, and the ocean is an integral part of this complex and variable system. Key to the understanding of the ocean's role in the Earth's climate system is the study of ocean and sea-ice physical processes, including its interactions with the atmosphere, cryosphere, land and biosphere. These processes include those linked to ocean circulation; the storage and redistribution of heat, carbon, salt and other water properties; and air-sea exchanges of heat, momentum, freshwater, carbon and other gasses. Measurements of ocean physics variables are fundamental to reliable earth prediction systems for a range of applications and users. In addition, knowledge of the physical environment is fundamental to growing understanding of the ocean's biogeochemistry and biological/ecosystem variability and function. Through the progress from OceanObs'99 to OceanObs'09, the ocean observing system has evolved from a platform centric perspective to an integrated observing system. The challenge now is for the observing system to evolve to respond to an increasingly diverse end user group. The Ocean Observations Physics and Climate panel (OOPC), formed in 1995, has undertaken many activities that led to observing system-related agreements. Here, OOPC will explore the opportunities and challenges for the development of a fit-for-purpose, sustained and prioritized ocean observing system, focusing on physical variables that maximize support for fundamental research, climate monitoring, forecasting on different timescales, and society. OOPC recommendations are guided by the Framework for Ocean Observing (Lindstrom et al. 2012) which emphasizes identifying user requirements by considering time and space scales of the Essential Ocean Variables. This approach provides a framework for reviewing the adequacy of the observing system, looking for synergies in delivering an integrated observing system for a range of applications and focusing innovation in areas where existing technologies do not meet these requirements
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00449
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Ocean Time Series Observations of Changing Marine Ecosystems: An Era of Integration, Synthesis, and Societal Applications (2019)
    Frontiers
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science, 6 . Art.Nr. 393.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Sustained ocean time series are critical for characterizing marine ecosystem shifts in a time of accelerating, and at times unpredictable, changes. They represent the only means to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic forcings, and are the best tools to explore causal links and implications for human communities that depend on ocean resources. Since the inception of sustained ocean observations, ocean time series have withstood many challenges, most prominently availability of uninterrupted funding and retention of trained personnel. This OceanObs’19 review article provides an overarching vision for sustained ocean time series observations for the next decade, focusing on the growing challenges of maintaining sustained ocean time series, including ship-based and autonomous coastal and open-ocean platforms, as well as remote sensing. In addition to increased diversification of funding sources to include the private sector, NGOs, and other groups, more effective engagement of stakeholders and other end-users will be critical to ensure the sustainability of ocean time series programs. Building a cohesive international time series network will require dedicated capacity to coordinate across observing programs and leverage existing infrastructure and platforms of opportunity. This review article outlines near-term observing priorities and technology needs; explores potential mechanisms to broaden ocean time series data applications and end-user communities; and describes current tools and future requirements for managing increasingly complex multi-platform data streams and developing synthesis products that support science and society. The actionable recommendations outlined herein ultimately form the basis for a robust, sustainable, fit-for-purpose time series network that will foster a predictive understanding of changing ocean systems for the benefit of society.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00393
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Influence of interfacial oxide on the optical properties of single layer CdTe/CdS quantum dots in porous silicon scaffolds (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Using a combination of continuous wave and time-resolved spectroscopy, we study the effects of interfacial conditions on the radiative lifetimes and photoluminescence intensities of sub-monolayer colloidal CdTe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a three-dimensional porous silicon (PSi) scaffold. The PSi matrix was thermally oxidized under different conditions to change the interfacial oxide thickness. QDs embedded in a PSi matrix with ∼0.4 nm of interfacial oxide exhibited reduced photoluminescence intensity and nearly five times shorter radiative lifetimes (∼16 ns) compared to QDs immobilized within completely oxidized, porous silica (PSiO 2 ) frameworks (∼78 ns). The exponential dependence of QD lifetime on interfacial oxide thickness in the PSi scaffolds suggests charge transfer plays an important role in the exciton dynamics.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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