Description: Understanding climate proxy records that preserve physical characteristics of past climate is a prerequisite to reconstruct long‐term climatic conditions. Water stable isotope ratios (δ18O) constitute a widely used proxy in ice cores to reconstruct temperature and climate. However, the original climate signal is altered between the formation of precipitation and the ice, especially in low‐accumulation areas such as the East Antarctic Plateau. Atmospheric conditions under which the isotopic signal is acquired at Aurora Basin North (ABN), East Antarctica, are characterized with the regional atmospheric model Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR). The model shows that 50% of the snow is accumulated in less than 24 days/year. Snowfall occurs throughout the year and intensifies during winter, with 64% of total accumulation between April and September, leading to a cold bias of −0.86°C in temperatures above inversion compared to the annual mean of −29.7°C. Large snowfall events are associated with high‐pressure systems forcing warm oceanic air masses toward the Antarctic interior, which causes a warm bias of +2.83°C. The temperature‐δ18O relationship, assessed with the global atmospheric model ECHAM5‐wiso, is primarily constrained by the winter variability, but the observed slope is valid year‐round. Three snow δ18O records covering 2004–2014 indicate that the anomalies recorded in the ice core are attributable to the occurrence of warm winter storms bringing precipitation to ABN and support the interpretation of δ18O in this region as a marker of temperature changes related to large‐scale atmospheric conditions, particularly blocking events and variations in the Southern Annular Mode.

Description: The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published article [1]. In Section 1, fourth paragraph: In the sentence “Proxy Proxy data, such as glacio-chemical data from firn and ice cores, may partly compensate for the lack of direct observations.” the word “Proxy” should be deleted as it occurs twice. The sentence should have read: “Proxy data, such as glacio-chemical data from firn and ice cores, may partly compensate for the lack of direct observations.”. In Section 3.4, second paragraph: In the sentence “The slope of the δ18O–δD relationship (7.94) is close to that of the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) [49] and is of the same order of magnitude as the slope of the site-specific LMWL (m = 7.76).” the “m =” should be deleted before “7.76” and “, 8” should be inserted after “GMWL”. The sentence should have read: “The slope of the δ18O–δD relationship (7.94) is close to that of the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL, 8) [49] and is of the same order of magnitude as the slope of the site-specific LMWL (7.76).”. In Section 4.5, first paragraph: In the sentence “Figure 8c,e visualise the anti-correlation between MLT and SIE in both the Bellingshausen-Amundsen Sea and the Weddell Sea (r 〉 −0.6, p = 0; Table 5).” the “〉” in the parenthesis should be replaced by “=”. The sentence should have read: “Figure 8c,e visualise the anti-correlation between MLT and SIE in both the Bellingshausen-Amundsen Sea and the Weddell Sea (r = −0.6, p = 0; Table 5).”. In the original publication, there was a mistake in Table 1 [1]. The order of the values in the column “Accumulation Rate (kg m−2 a−1)” was reversed for the years 2012 to 2015. The authors state that the scientific results for the accumulation rates in Table 1, which are presented and discussed in Sections 3.2 and 4.2 of the original publication, are not affected by this mistake, as all values were used correctly there. The corrected Table 1 is as follows: Annual accumulation rates calculated for the OH-12 drill site for the period 2012–2015. In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 6 [1]. The intercept in the equation for the δ18O−δD relationship of firn core OH-12 should be +6.01 and not −6.01. The corrected equation is δD = 7.94 × δ18O + 6.01. A correction was also made to the second paragraph in Section 3.4, where in the sentence “However, intercepts differ significantly (OH-12: −6.01; LMWL: −1.52; GMWL: +10), which is also reflected by the position of the OH-12 samples in the δ18O–δD plot (Figure 6a).” the intercept of the δ18O−δD relationship of firn core OH-12 should accordingly be +6.01 and not −6.01. In addition, in the same sentence the word “the” should be inserted before the word “intercepts”. The sentence should have read: ”However, the intercepts differ significantly (OH-12: +6.01; LMWL: −1.52; GMWL: +10), which is also reflected by the position of the OH-12 samples in the δ18O–δD plot (Figure 6a).”. The updated Figure 6 is as follows: (a) δ18O–δD relationship of all considered precipitation samples collected at Bernardo O’Higgins station (OH) between 2008 and 2017 (n = 294; coloured dots) compared to the δ18O–δD relationship of firn core OH-12 (n = 414; white dots). The Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) is indicated in blue. The Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) established for the study site by Fernandoy et al. [31,32] is shown as a dashed red line and the LMWL derived in this study as a solid red line. For each δ18O–δD relationship, the equation, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the p-value (p) are given. (b) Time series of δ18O, δD and d excess of OH-12 constructed based on the weighted age scale. High-resolution data are shown as light-coloured lines and monthly means as bold lines. The authors apologize for any inconvenience these mistakes may have caused the readers. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Description: Black carbon emitted by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass has a net warming effect in the atmosphere and reduces the albedo when deposited on ice and snow; accurate knowledge of past emissions is essential to quantify and model associated global climate forcing. Although bottom-up inventories provide historical Black Carbon emission estimates that are widely used in Earth System Models, they are poorly constrained by observations prior to the late 20th century. Here we use an objective inversion technique based on detailed atmospheric transport and deposition modeling to reconstruct 1850 to 2000 emissions from thirteen Northern Hemisphere ice-core records. We find substantial discrepancies between reconstructed Black Carbon emissions and existing bottom-up inventories which do not fully capture the complex spatial-temporal emission patterns. Our findings imply changes to existing historical Black Carbon radiative forcing estimates are necessary, with potential implications for observation-constrained climate sensitivity.