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  • ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  (5)
  • ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  (2)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing AG  (1)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine Anthropogenic Litter (2015)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Description / Table of Contents: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 A Brief History of Marine Litter Research -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Seabirds and Seals-The First Signs of Trouble -- 1.3 The Early 1970s-Pellets and Other Problems in the North Atlantic -- 1.4 Shifting Focus to the North Pacific Ocean -- 1.5 Into the Southern Hemisphere -- 1.6 Aloha-The Marine Debris Conferences -- 1.7 Mitigation Measures and Long-Term Changes in Marine Litter -- 1.8 Plastic Degradation and the Microplastic Boom -- 1.9 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Part I Abiotic Aspects of Marine Litter Pollution -- 2 Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Composition -- 2.3 Distribution -- 2.3.1 Beaches -- 2.3.2 Floating Marine Debris -- 2.3.3 Seafloor -- 2.3.4 Microplastics -- 2.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Persistence of Plastic Litter in the Oceans -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Buoyancy and Sampling Errors -- 3.3 Fate of Plastics Entering the Oceans -- 3.3.1 Photo-Oxidative Degradation -- 3.3.2 Mechanisms of Photo-Oxidation -- 3.3.3 Weathering Under Marine Conditions -- 3.4 Microplastics in the Oceans -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Biological Implications of Marine Litter -- 4 Deleterious Effects of Litter on Marine Life -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Entanglement -- 4.2.1 Ways of Entanglement -- 4.2.2 Effects of Entanglement -- 4.3 Smothering -- 4.4 Ingestion of Plastic -- 4.4.1 Ways of Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.1.1 Intentional Ingestion -- Foraging Strategy -- Color -- Age -- Sex -- 4.4.1.2 Accidental and Secondary Ingestion -- 4.4.2 Impacts of Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.2.1 Direct Mortality Caused by Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.3 Indirect Physical Effects of Plastic Ingestion -- 4.4.3.1 Chemical Effects from Plastic Ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (456 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319165103
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kxp/detail.action?docID=6363104
    DDC: 363.728509162
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
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    Structure and distribution of a threatened muddy biotope in the south-eastern North Sea (2020)
    ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Environmental Management, ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 255, pp. 109876, ISSN: 0301-4797
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-28
    Description: Understanding the distribution and structure of biotopes is essential for marine conservation according to international legislation, such as the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The biotope ‘Sea Pen and Burrowing Megafuna Communities’ is included in the OSPAR list of threatened and/or declining habitats. Accordingly, the MSFD prescribes a monitoring of this biotope by the member states of the EU. In the German North Sea, however, the distribution and spatial extent of this biotope as well as the structuring of its benthic species inventory is unknown. We used an extensive geo-referenced dataset on occurrence, abundance and biomass of the benthic infauna of the south-eastern North Sea to estimate the distribution of the biotope and to characterize the associated infauna assemblages. Sediment preferences of the burrowing megafauna, comprising decapod crustaceans and echiurids, were identified and the core distribution areas of the burrowing megafauna were modelled using Random Forests. Clusters of benthic infauna inside the core distribution areas were identified by fuzzy clustering. The burrowing megafauna occurred on a wide range of sediments with varying mud contents. The core distribution area of the burrowing megafauna was characterized by elevated mud content and a water depth of 25–55 m. The analysis of the benthic communities and their relation to sedimentological conditions identified four infauna clusters of slightly varying species composition. The biotope type ‘Sea Pen and Burrowing Megafuna Communities’ is primarily located inside the paleo valley of the river Elbe and covers an area of 4980 km2. Dedicated monitoring will have to take into account the spatial extent and the structural variability of the biotope. Our results can provide a baseline for the evaluation of the future development of the environmental status of the biotope. The maps generated herein will facilitate the communication of information relevant for environmental management to authorities and policy makers.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Sand grains in the stomach of brown shrimp, Crangon crangon: Crunchy garnish, supportive macerator, or simply dirt? (2021)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Sea Research, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 170, pp. 102020, ISSN: 1385-1101
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-02
    Description: Brown shrimp, Crangon crangon, inhabit highly productive sandy and muddy grounds of the southern North Sea. The stomachs of the shrimp contain variable and often high numbers of sediment grains. The function of sediment grains inside the stomach and the purpose of their ingestion are only poorly understood. We tested in laboratory experiments whether sediment and associated organic material complement the natural food of C. crangon or if sand grains may be used by the shrimp to support trituration and maceration of ingested food. The shrimp showed no notable preference for sediment with natural organic content over sediment with reduced organic content, limited ingestion of sediment upon starvation, and no additional uptake of sand grains after feeding. Instead, C. crangon took up sediment only while feeding on regular food, suggesting that sand grains are not ingested intentionally but rather incidentally as a side effect of hasty gobbling. This conclusion is supported by the highly variable uptake of sand grains among individuals. Under experimental conditions, sand grains from sediments do not seem to have a crucial function in food processing and digestion in brown shrimp.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Ocean acidification affects growth but not nutritional quality of the seaweed Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) (2014)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 453, pp. 84-90, ISSN: 0022-0981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Understanding the ecological implications of global climate change requires investigations of not only the direct effects of environmental change on species performance but also indirect effects that arise from altered species interactions. We performed CO2 perturbation experiments to investigate the effects of ocean acidification on the trophic interaction between the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and the herbivorous isopod Idotea baltica. We predicted faster growth of F. vesiculosus at elevated CO2-concentrations and higher carbon content of the algal tissue. We expected that I. baltica has different consumption rates on algae that have been grown at different CO2 levels and that the isopods remove surplus carbon metabolically by enhanced respiration. Surprisingly, growth of F. vesiculosus as well as the C:N-ratio of the algal tissue were reduced at high CO2-levels. The changes in the elemental composition had no effect on the consumption rates and the respiration of the herbivores. An additional experiment showed that consumption of F. vesiculosus by the isopod Idotea emarginata was independent of ocean acidification and temperature. Our results could not reveal any effects of ocean acidification on the per capita strength of the trophic interaction between F. vesiculosus and its consumers. However, reduced growth of the algae at high CO2-concentrations might reduce the capability of the seaweed to compensate losses due to intense herbivory.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Hard-substrate habitats in the German Bight (South-Eastern North Sea) observed using drift videos (2018)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Sea Research, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, ISSN: 1385-1101
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-29
    Description: Comprehensive empirical data to inform benthic species distribution models for marine hard-substrate-dominated environments, are pivotal. However, such data are difficult to obtain. These data are crucial to the definition and demarcation of protected areas and for assessment of the ecological status and function of hard-substrate habitats. In this study, underwater video-observations of hard-substrate habitats within four target areas in the sand-dominated German Bight (SE North Sea) were investigated to obtain comprehensive information on hard-substrate distribution patterns, on the amount and sizes of stones and on the presence of sessile organisms. Based on three size classes (cobbles, boulders, large boulders) three hard-substrate distribution classes were identified: (1) widely scattered stones, (2) accumulations of stones and (3) dense stone fields. The ratios between cobbles, boulders and large boulders differed significantly between the investigated areas. Boulders and large boulders were largely colonized by sessile organisms, whereas cobbles in coastal areas were least frequently colonized. Physical disturbances of epibenthos resulting from abrasion and coverage by mobile sediments are discussed as a possible explanation for the proportional differences in the colonization of stones. Hard substrates in shallower, coastal areas appeared to be strongly influenced by sand abrasion because of higher current velocities and storm-induced waves. In deeper areas, located further offshore, disturbances caused by migrating sandy ripples mobilized by storm-events seemed to be more relevant. Habitat modelling of hard substrates and resultant ecological studies require sound information on the probability of epifaunal colonization for different substrate sizes, hard-substrate distribution patterns combined with hydrodynamic and physicochemical properties of the marine environment to produce valid results. We used a structured approach for the video-based analysis of hard-substrate habitats and present estimates of the colonization probability of differently-sized stones. Our study shows that the analysis of drift videos provides basic data at a suitable resolution to contribute to the monitoring and modelling of marine ecological processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Castaways can't be choosers - Homogenization of rafting assemblages on floating seaweeds (2015)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Sea Research, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 95, pp. 161-171, ISSN: 1385-1101
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: After detachment from benthic habitats, the epibiont assemblages on floating seaweeds undergo substantial changes, but little is known regarding whether succession varies among different seaweed species. Given that floating algae may represent a limiting habitat in many regions, rafting organisms may be unselective and colonize any available seaweed patch at the sea surface. This process may homogenize rafting assemblages on different seaweed species, which our study examined by comparing the assemblages on benthic and floating individuals of the fucoid seaweeds Fucus vesiculosus and Sargassum muticum in the northern Wadden Sea (North Sea). Species richness was about twice as high on S. muticum as on F. vesiculosus, both on benthic and floating individuals. In both seaweed species benthic samplesweremore diverse than floating samples. However, the species composition differed significantly only between benthic thalli, but not between floating thalli of the two seaweed species. Separate analyses of sessile and mobile epibionts showed that the homogenization of rafting assemblages was mainly caused by mobile species. Among these, grazing isopods from the genus Idotea reached extraordinarily high densities on the floating samples from the northernWadden Sea, suggesting that the availability of seaweed rafts was indeed limiting. Enhanced break-up of algal rafts associated with intense feeding by abundant herbivores might force rafters to recolonize benthic habitats. These colonization processes may enhance successful dispersal of rafting organisms and thereby contribute to population connectivity between sink populations in theWadden Sea and source populations from up-current regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Marine meso-herbivore consumption scales faster with temperature than seaweed primary production (2016)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 477, pp. 80-85, ISSN: 0022-0981
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: Respiration of ectotherms is predicted to increase faster with rising environmental temperature than photosynthesis of primary producers because of the differential temperature dependent kinetics of the key enzymes involved. Accordingly, if biological processes at higher levels of complexity are constrained by underlying metabolic functions, food consumption by heterotrophs should increase more rapidly with rising temperature than photo-autoptrophic primary production. We compared rates of photosynthesis and growth of the benthic seaweed Fucus vesiculosus with respiration and consumption of the isopod Idotea baltica to achieve a mechanistic understanding why warming strengthens marine plant–herbivore interactions. In laboratory experiments thallus pieces of the seaweed and individuals of the grazer were exposed to constant temperatures at a range from 10 to 20 °C. Photosynthesis of F. vesiculosus did not vary with temperature indicating efficient thermal acclimation whereas growth of the algae clearly increased with temperature. Respiration and food consumption of I. baltica also increased with temperature. Grazer consumption scaled about 2.5 times faster with temperature than seaweed production. The resulting mismatch between algal production and herbivore consumption may result in a net loss of algal tissue at elevated temperatures. Our study provides an explanation for faster decomposition of seaweeds at elevated temperatures despite the positive effects of high temperatures on algal growth.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Spotlight on coarse sediments: Comparative characterization of a poorly investigated seafloor biotope in the German Bight (SE North Sea) (2022)
    ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
    In:  EPIC3Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 275, pp. 107996, ISSN: 0272-7714
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-15
    Description: Extensive marine benthos surveys have resulted in a solid understanding of the broad distribution pattern of seafloor biotopes in the southeastern North Sea (temperate northeast Atlantic region). However, due to the low spatial resolution of large-scale surveys, specific smaller-scale biotopes with scattered distribution have been insufficiently captured. Consequently, knowledge regarding the environmental characteristics and species inventories of some specific biotopes is still limited. We investigated the habitat characteristics and the macroinfauna (i.e., organisms in samples collected by a sediment grab and retained in a sieve with a mesh size of 1000 μm) of a spatially restricted, patchy coarse sediment (i.e., grain size fraction 〉500 μm accounting for ≥60% of the total sample mass) biotope in the German Bight over three consecutive years. Habitat and faunal characteristics were contrasted with four other benthic biotopes sampled at the same time to allow for a comparative evaluation. Our study revealed considerable fluctuations in grain size distribution among samples of the coarse sediment, potentially resulting from a frequent redistribution of sediments. A total number of 243 infauna taxa were identified at the 66 stations sampled over three consecutive years (16–33 stations per year) with a considerable proportion of endangered and rare species. The results highlight that previous studies have underestimated the species richness of the biotope. The focus on this previously poorly studied biotope type allowed us to detect species in the study region that were formerly unreported. The macro-infauna in the coarse sediments was characterized by comparatively high abundance and biomass, which may provide a rich food resource for organisms from higher trophic levels. Therefore, coarse sediments likely are an ecologically valuable seafloor biotope despite its limited coverage.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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