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  • PANGAEA  (28)
  • Wiley  (6)
  • 2015-2019  (34)
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  • 1
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    Resisting annihilation: relationships between functional trait dissimilarity, assemblage competitive power and allelopathy (2018)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology Letters, 21 (9). pp. 1390-1400.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Allelopathic species can alter biodiversity. Using simulated assemblages that are characterised by neutrality, lumpy coexistence and intransitivity, we explore relationships between within-assemblage competitive dissimilarities and resistance to allelopathic species. An emergent behaviour from our models is that assemblages are more resistant to allelopathy when members strongly compete exploitatively (high competitive power). We found that neutral assemblages were the most vulnerable to allelopathic species, followed by lumpy and then by intransitive assemblages. We find support for our modeling in real-world time-series data from eight lakes of varied morphometry and trophic state. Our analysis of this data shows that a lake’s history of allelopathic phytoplankton species biovolume density and dominance is related to the number of species clusters occurring in the plankton assemblages of those lakes, an emergent trend similar to that of our modeling. We suggest that an assemblage’s competitive power determines its allelopathy resistance.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    DOI: 10.1111/ele.13109
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Ecohydrographic constraints on biodiversity and distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton in coral reefs of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia (2015)
    Wiley | Blackwell
    In:  Marine Ecology, 36 (4). pp. 1195-1214.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-08
    Description: An integral concept of ecological research is the constraint of biodiversity along latitudinal and environmental gradients. The Red Sea features a natural example of a latitudinal gradient of salinity, temperature and nutrient richness. Coral reefs along the Red Sea coasts are supported with allochthonous resources such as oceanic and neritic phytoplankton and zooplankton; however, relatively little is known about how the ecohydrography correlates with plankton biodiversity and abundance. In this article we present the biodiversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in Red Sea coral reefs. Oceanographic data (temperature, salinity), water samples for nutrient analysis, particulate organic matter, phytoplankton and zooplankton, the latter with special reference to Copepoda (Crustacea), were collected at nine coral reefs over ~1500 km distance along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. The trophic state of ambient waters [as indicated by chlorophyll a (Chl a)] changed from strong oligotrophy in the north to mesotrophy in the south and was associated with increasing biomasses of Bacillariophyceae, picoeukaryotes and Synechococcus as indicated by pigment fingerprinting (CHEMTAX) and flow cytometry. Net-phytoplankton microscopy revealed a Trichodesmium erythraeum (Cyanobacteria) bloom north of the Farasan Islands. Several potentially harmful algae, including Dinophysis miles and Gonyaulax spinifera (Dinophyceae), were encountered in larger numbers in the vicinity of the aquaculture facilities at Al Lith. Changes in zooplankton abundance were mainly correlated to the phytoplankton biomass following the latitudinal gradient. The largest zooplankton abundance was observed at the Farasan Archipelago, despite high abundances of copepodites, veligers (Gastropoda larvae) and Chaetognatha at Al Lith. Although the community composition changed over latitude, biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton did not exhibit a systematic pattern. As this study constitutes the first current account of the plankton biodiversity in Red Sea coral reefs at a large spatial scale, the results will be informative for ecosystem-based management along the coastline of Saudi Arabia.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/maec.12224
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Interactive effect of warming, nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on phytoplankton cell size (2015)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology and Evolution, 5 (5). pp. 1011-1024.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-24
    Description: Cell size is one of the ecologically most important traits of phytoplankton. The cell size variation is frequently related to temperature and nutrient limitation. In order to disentangle the role of both factors, an experiment was conducted to determine the possible interactions of these factors. Baltic Sea water containing the natural plankton community was used. We performed a factorial combined experiment of temperature, type of nutrient limitation (N vs. P), and strength of nutrient limitation. The type of nutrient limitation was manipulated by altering the N:P ratio of the medium (balanced, N and P limitation) and strength by the dilution rate (0% and 50%) of the semicontinuous cultures. The negative effect of temperature on cell size was strongest under N limitation, intermediate under P limitation, and weakest when N and P were supplied at balanced ratios. However, temperature also influenced the intensity of nutrient imitation, because at higher temperature there was a tendency for dissolved nutrient concentrations to be lower, while the C:N or C:P ratio being higher... higher at identical dilution rates and medium composition. Analyzing the response of cell size to C:N ratios (as index of N limitation) and C:P ratios (as index of P limitation) indicated a clear dominance of the nutrient effect over the direct temperature effect, although the temperature effect was also significant.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1241
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Climate-driven winter variations of Calanus sinicus abundance in the East China Sea (2016)
    Wiley
    In:  Fisheries Oceanography, 25 (6). pp. 555-564.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Global environmental changes threaten the sustainable use of resources and raise uncertainties regarding marine populations' responses in a changing Ocean. The pelagic copepods of the genus Calanus play a central role in shelf ecosystems transferring phytoplankton carbon to harvested populations, from boreal to temperate regions. Here we examined a 15-yr time series of Calanus sinicus abundance in regards to climate forcing in the East China Sea. We identified a compound effect of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) on environmental conditions in the East China Sea. Such climate influences not only a southward transport of C. sinicus from its population centres into the Taiwan area, but favours advantageous thermal conditions for the species as well. On the interannual scale, our results show that the population size of C. sinicus echoes climate-driven temperature changes. Hence, the possibility of using the PDO and EAWM variability for assessing and predicting interannual abundance changes of C. sinicus in the East China Sea is considered. The observed close relationship between climate and C. sinicus may promote bottom-up controls in the pelagic food web, further influencing the southern edge of the species' geographic distribution. Owing to the prominent role this species plays in food web dynamics these results might help integrative fisheries management policies in the heavily exploited East China Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/fog.12172
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Acidification and warming affect prominent bacteria in two seasonal phytoplankton bloom mesocosms (2016)
    Wiley
    In:  Environmental Microbiology, 18 (12). pp. 4579-4595.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: In contrast to clear stimulatory effects of rising temperature, recent studies of the effects of CO2 on planktonic bacteria have reported conflicting results. To better understand the potential impact of predicted climate scenarios on the development and performance of bacterial communities, we performed bifactorial mesocosm experiments (pCO2 and temperature) with Baltic Sea water, during a diatom dominated bloom in autumn and a mixed phytoplankton bloom in summer. The development of bacterial community composition (BCC) followed well-known algal bloom dynamics. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) revealed that phytoplankton succession and temperature were the major variables structuring the bacterial community whereas the impact of pCO2 was weak. Prokaryotic abundance and carbon production, and organic matter concentration and composition were partly affected by temperature but not by increased pCO2. However, pCO2 did have significant and potentially direct effects on the relative abundance of several dominant OTUs; in some cases, these effects were accompanied by an antagonistic impact of temperature. Our results suggest the necessity of high-resolution BCC analyses and statistical analyses at the OTU level to detect the strong impact of CO2 on specific bacterial groups, which in turn might also influence specific organic matter degradation processes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13549
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Providing harpacticoid copepods via floating sieve improves herring (Clupea harengusL.) larval feeding incidence (2016)
    Wiley
    In:  Aquaculture Research, 47 (10). pp. 3156-3168.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Harpacticoid copepods are being considered as alternative candidates for live feed in aquaculture, but their benthic affinity may pose problems for pelagic fish larvae. We compared the swimming behaviour and feeding incidence of herring larvae (Clupea harengus) in the presence of harpacticoid copepods (Tachidius discipes) and rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). Additionally, we provided T. discipes via a floating sieve to improve the prey availability. The comparison was performed at 5 and 10 days post hatch (dph) via 2D-video observations. Quantitative analyses of larval trajectories allowed the estimation of feeding behaviour through a series of indicators: swimming speed, straightness of trajectories, turning angles and swimming activities (break, sink, slow, normal, fast). The outcomes highlighted that the prey type had no significant effect on swimming speed or straightness of the swimming path. However, at 10 dph directly copepod-fed larvae spent less time in slow but more time in the normal swimming-state than rotifer-fed larvae and larvae fed with Tachidius via sieve. This suggests higher energy expenditure of directly copepod-fed larvae. Moreover, the feeding incidence was higher in larvae fed with Tachidius via sieve than directly Tachidius-fed larvae. Thus, providing harpacticoid copepods via a floating sieve can improve the rearing of marine fish larvae.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/are.12766
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Mesocosm experiment on warming and acidification effects in 2012: Microzooplankton cell size (2016)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-24
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Cell, diameter; Cell biovolume; Cell size; Taxon/taxa
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 620 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Experiment of light effects on phytoplankton morphometric traits and nutrient utilization: dissolved nutrients (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-25
    Keywords: DATE/TIME; Experimental treatment; Identification; Nitrate; Phosphate; Silicate; Treatment: light intensity; Treatment: nutrients
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1008 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Mesocosm experiment on warming and acidification effects in 2012: Zooplankton data (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Garzke, Jessica; Hansen, Thomas; Ismar, Stefanie M; Sommer, Ulrich; Ross, Pauline M (2016): Combined Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Copepod Abundance, Body Size and Fatty Acid Content. PLoS ONE, 11(5), e0155952, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155952
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-24
    Description: Concerns about increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming have initiated studies on the consequences of multiple-stressor interactions on marine organisms and ecosystems. We present a fully-crossed factorial mesocosm study and assess how warming and acidification affect the abundance, body size, and fatty acid composition of copepods as a measure of nutritional quality. The experimental set-up allowed us to determine whether the effects of warming and acidification act additively, synergistically, or antagonistically on the abundance, body size, and fatty acid content of copepods, a major group of lower level consumers in marine food webs. Copepodite (developmental stages 1-5) and nauplii abundance were antagonistically affected by warming and acidification. Higher temperature decreased copepodite and nauplii abundance, while acidification partially compensated for the temperature effect. The abundance of adult copepods was negatively affected by warming. The prosome length of copepods was significantly reduced by warming, and the interaction of warming and CO2 antagonistically affected prosome length. Fatty acid composition was also significantly affected by warming. The content of saturated fatty acids increased, and the ratios of the polyunsaturated essential fatty acids docosahexaenoic- (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) to total fatty acid content increased with higher temperatures. Additionally, here was a significant additive interaction effect of both parameters on arachidonic acid. Our results indicate that in a future ocean scenario, acidification might partially counteract some observed effects of increased temperature on zooplankton, while adding to others. These may be results of a fertilizing effect on phytoplankton as a copepod food source. In summary, copepod populations will be more strongly affected by warming rather than by acidifying oceans, but ocean acidification effects can modify some temperature impacts
    Keywords: BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Grazing experiment with Acartia tonsa (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ismar, Stefanie M; Kottmann, Johanna S; Sommer, Ulrich (2018): First genetic quantification of sex- and stage-specific feeding in the ubiquitous copepod Acartia tonsa. Marine Biology, 165(2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3281-z
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Marine copepods provide the major food-web link between primary producers and higher trophic levels, and their feeding ecology is of acute interest in light of global change impacts on food-web functioning. Recently, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) protocols have been developed, which can complement classic diet quantification methods, such as stable isotope or fatty acid analyses tools. Here, we present first results of feeding experiments assessing sex- and stage-specific food intake by the ubiquitous calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa by 18S targeted qPCR and microscopic grazing assessment. In triplicated mixed-diet feeding treatments, three suitable A. tonsa diets, the cryptophyte Rhodomonas balthica, the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana, and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, were offered in equal biomass proportions under constant conditions. Prey uptake substantially varied between different algal species, as did the extent of sex- and stage-specificity of prey uptake. Male adult copepods had higher R. balthica gut contents than females, and nauplii contained more of this prey source than copepodites or adult copepods in mixed treatments. A trend towards higher amounts of ingested T. weissflogii in adult females than in males and in nauplii than in other stages was detected. Genetic gut content quantifications indicated low feeding on I. galbana, and no consistent sex- or stage-specific differences of I. galbana content in A. tonsa. Our results highlight diet-specific feeding differences between Acartia life stages and sexes, which can have implications on food-web dynamics and specific nutrient transfer to higher trophic levels in copepod populations of varying age composition under changing environmental parameters, such as rising temperatures and increasing ocean acidification.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
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