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  • 1
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    Southern Hemisphere forcing of South Asian monsoon precipitation over the past ~1 million years (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature Communications, 9 (4702).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: The orbital-scale timing of South Asian monsoon (SAM) precipitation is poorly understood. Here we present new SST and seawater δ18O (δ18Osw) records from the Bay of Bengal, the core convective region of the South Asian monsoon, over the past 1 million years. Our records reveal that SAM precipitation peaked in the precession band ~9 kyrs after Northern Hemisphere summer insolation maxima, in phase with records of SAM winds in the Arabian Sea and eastern Indian Ocean. Precession-band variance, however, accounts for ~30% of the total variance of SAM precipitation while it was either absent or dominant in records of the East Asian monsoon (EAM). This and the observation that SAM precipitation was phase locked with obliquity minima and was sensitive to Southern Hemisphere warming provides clear evidence that SAM and EAM precipitation responded differently to orbital forcing and highlights the importance of internal processes forcing monsoon variability.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07076-2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    H2S events in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone facilitate enhanced dissolved Fe concentrations (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 8 . Art.Nr. 12642.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Dissolved iron (DFe) concentrations in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems are enhanced as a result of high supply rates from anoxic sediments. However, pronounced variations in DFe concentrations in anoxic coastal waters of the Peruvian OMZ indicate that there are factors in addition to dissolved oxygen concentrations (O2) that control Fe cycling. Our study demonstrates that sediment-derived reduced Fe (Fe(II)) forms the main DFe fraction in the anoxic/euxinic water column off Peru, which is responsible for DFe accumulations of up to 200 nmol L-1. Lowest DFe values were observed in anoxic shelf waters in the presence of nitrate and nitrite. This reflects oxidation of sediment-sourced Fe(II) associated with nitrate/nitrite reduction and subsequent removal as particulate Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. Unexpectedly, the highest DFe levels were observed in waters with elevated concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (up to 4 µmol L-1) and correspondingly depleted nitrate/nitrite concentrations (〈0.18 µmol L-1). Under these conditions, Fe removal was reduced through stabilization of Fe(II) as aqueous iron sulfide (FeSaqu) which comprises complexes (e.g., FeSH+) and clusters (e.g., Fe2S2|4H2O). Sulfidic events on the Peruvian shelf consequently enhance Fe availability, and may increase in frequency in future due to projected expansion and intensification of OMZs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30580-w
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Deglacial Heat Uptake by the Southern Ocean and Rapid Northward Redistribution via Antarctic Intermediate Water (2018)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 33 (11). pp. 1292-1305.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is an important conduit for nutrients to reach the nutrient‐poor low‐latitude ocean areas. In the Atlantic, it forms part of the return path of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Despite the importance of AAIW, little is known about variations in its composition and signature during the prominent AMOC and climate changes of the last deglaciation. Here, we reconstruct benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca‐based intermediate water temperatures (IWTMg/Ca) and intermediate water neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions at sub‐millennial resolution from unique sediment cores located at the northern tip of modern AAIW extent in the tropical W‐Atlantic (850 and 1018 m water depth). Our data indicate a pronounced warming of AAIW in the tropical W‐Atlantic during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) and the Younger Dryas (YD). We argue that these warming events were induced by major AMOC perturbations resulting in the pronounced accumulation of heat in the surface Southern Ocean. Combined with published results, our data suggest the subsequent uptake of Southern Ocean heat by AAIW and its rapid northward transfer to the tropical W‐Atlantic. Hence, the rapid deglacial northern climate perturbations directly controlled the AAIW heat budget in the tropical W‐Atlantic after a detour via the Southern Ocean. We speculate that the ocean heat redistribution via AAIW effectively dampened Southern Hemisphere warming during the deglaciation and may therefore have been a crucial player in the climate seesaw mechanisms between the two hemispheres.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2017PA003284
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Major intensification of Atlantic overturning circulation at the onset of Paleogene greenhouse warmth (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Nature Communications, 9 (4954).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: During the Late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic the Earth experienced prolonged climatic cooling most likely caused by decreasing volcanic activity and atmospheric CO2 levels. However, the causes and mechanisms of subsequent major global warming culminating in the late Paleocene to Eocene greenhouse climate remain enigmatic. We present deep and intermediate water Nd-isotope records from the North and South Atlantic to decipher the control of the opening Atlantic Ocean on ocean circulation and its linkages to the evolution of global climate. The marked convergence of Nd-isotope signatures 59 million years ago indicates a major intensification of deep-water exchange between the North and South Atlantic, which coincided with the turning point of deep-water temperatures towards early Paleogene warming. We propose that this intensification of Atlantic overturning circulation in concert with increased atmospheric CO2 from continental rifting marked a climatic tipping point contributing to a more efficient distribution of heat over the planet.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07457-7
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Plio-Pleistocene evolution of water mass exchange and erosional input at the Atlantic-Arctic gateway (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Paleoceanography, 31 (5). pp. 582-599.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Water mass exchange between the Arctic Ocean and the Norwegian-Greenland Seas has played an important role for the Atlantic thermohaline circulation and Northern Hemisphere climate. We reconstruct past water mass mixing and erosional inputs from the radiogenic isotope compositions of neodymium (Nd), lead (Pb), and strontium (Sr) at Ocean Drilling Program site 911 (leg 151) from 906 m water depth on Yermak Plateau in the Fram Strait over the past 5.2 Myr. The isotopic compositions of past bottom waters were extracted from authigenic oxyhydroxide coatings of the bulk sediments. Neodymium isotope signatures obtained from surface sediments agree well with present-day deepwater εNd signature of −11.0 ± 0.2. Prior to 2.7 Ma the Nd and Pb isotope compositions of the bottom waters only show small variations indicative of a consistent influence of Atlantic waters. Since the major intensification of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation at 2.7 Ma the seawater Nd isotope composition has varied more pronouncedly due to changes in weathering inputs related to the waxing and waning of the ice sheets on Svalbard, the Barents Sea, and the Eurasian shelf, due to changes in water mass exchange and due to the increasing supply of ice-rafted debris (IRD) originating from the Arctic Ocean. The seawater Pb isotope record also exhibits a higher short-term variability after 2.7 Ma, but there is also a trend toward more radiogenic values, which reflects a combination of changes in input sources and enhanced incongruent weathering inputs of Pb released from freshly eroded old continental rocks.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015PA002843
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Alkenone paleothermometry in the North Atlantic: A review and synthesis of surface sediment data and calibrations (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 17 (4). pp. 1370-1382.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Despite a clear correlation of alkenone unsaturation and sea surface temperatures (SST) throughout most parts of the ocean, scatter of the regression for various calibration equations has been shown to increase significantly at low SSTs. In this study, we combine previously published (n = 101) and new (n = 51) surface sediment data from the northern North Atlantic to constrain uncertainties of alkenone paleothermometry at low SSTs and to discuss possible sources of the increased scatter in the regression. The correlation between alkenone unsaturation and SSTs is strongest, in particular at the cold end (SSTs 〈 10°C), when the tetra-unsaturated alkenones (C37:4) are included in the unsaturation index (expressed as inline image) and regressed against spring-summer temperature. Surface ocean salinity and sea ice cover are not correlated with inline image per se. However, samples located in regions of permanent winter sea ice cover exhibit a significant warm bias. Deviation from the linear regression is posited to be related to a number of additional non-exclusive factors, such as advection of allochthonous material, local temperature stratification, and uncertainty in the absolute age of surface sediment samples assumed to be equivalent to modern conditions. We conclude that alkenone unsaturation allows accurate reconstruction of SST records from many regions of the North Atlantic if the factors confounding alkenone paleothermometry detailed here can be excluded.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GC006106
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    South Asian monsoon history over the past 60 kyr recorded by radiogenic isotopes and clay mineral assemblages in the Andaman Sea (2015)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16 (2). pp. 505-521.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: The Late Quaternary variability of the South Asian (or Indian) monsoon has been linked with glacial-interglacial and millennial scale climatic changes but past rainfall intensity in the river catchments draining into the Andaman Sea remains poorly constrained. Here we use radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions of the detrital clay-size fraction and clay mineral assemblages obtained from sediment core NGHP Site 17 in the Andaman Sea to reconstruct the variability of the South Asian monsoon during the past 60 kyr. Over this time interval eNd values changed little, generally oscillating between 27.3 and 25.3 and the Pb isotope signatures are essentially invariable, which is in contrast to a record located further northeast in the Andaman Sea. This indicates that the source of the detrital clays did not change significantly during the last glacial and deglaciation suggesting the monsoon was spatially stable. The most likely source region is the Irrawaddy river catchment including the Indo-Burman Ranges with a possible minor contribution from the Andaman Islands. High smectite/(illite1chlorite) ratios (up to 14), as well as low 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.711) for the Holocene period indicate enhanced chemical weathering and a stronger South Asian monsoon compared to marine oxygen isotope stages 2 and 3. Short, smectite-poor intervals exhibit markedly radiogenic Sr isotope compositions and document weakening of the South Asian monsoon, which may have been linked to short-term northern Atlantic climate variability on millennial time scales.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2014GC005586
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Minimal influence of recrystallization on middle Miocene benthic foraminiferal stable isotope stratigraphy in the eastern equatorial Pacific (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Paleoceanography, 31 (1). pp. 98-114.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) of foraminiferal tests are amongst the most important tools in paleoceanography, but the extent to which recrystallization can alter the isotopic composition of the tests is not well known. Here we compare three middle Miocene (16–13 Ma) benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records from eastern equatorial Pacific sites with different diagenetic histories to investigate the effect of recrystallization. To test an extreme case, we analyzed stable isotope compositions of benthic foraminifera from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1336, for which the geochemistry of bulk carbonates and associated pore waters indicates continued diagenetic alteration in sediments 〉 14.7 Ma. Despite this diagenetic overprinting, the amplitudes and absolute values of the analyzed U1336 stable isotopes agree well with high-resolution records from better preserved Sites U1337 and U1338 nearby. Our results suggest that although benthic foraminiferal tests of all three sites show some degree of textural changes due to recrystallization, they have retained their original stable isotope signatures. The good agreement of the benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records demonstrates that recrystallization occurred extremely rapidly (〈 100 kyr) after deposition. This is confirmed by the preservation of orbital cyclicities in U1336 stable isotope data and δ18O values being different to inorganic calcite that would precipitate from U1336 pore waters during late recrystallization. The close similarity of the benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records between the sites allows the well-resolved paleomagnetic results of Site U1336 to be transferred to Sites U1337 and U1338 improving the global geological timescale.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015PA002822
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Glacial reduction of AMOC strength and long term transition in weathering inputs into the Southern Ocean since the Mid Miocene: Evidence from radiogenic Nd and Hf isotopes (2017)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Paleoceanography, 32 (3). pp. 265-283.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Combined seawater radiogenic hafnium (Hf) and neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions were extracted from bulk sediment leachates and foraminifera of Site 1088, ODP Leg 177, 2082 m water depth on the Agulhas Ridge. The new data provide a continuous reconstruction of long and short-term changes in ocean circulation and continental weathering inputs since the Mid-Miocene. Due to its intermediate water depth the sediments of this core sensitively recorded changes in admixture of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) as a function of the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Nd isotope compositions (εNd) range from -7 to -11 with glacial values generally 1 to 3 units more radiogenic than during the interglacials of the Quaternary. The data reveal episodes of significantly increased AMOC strength during late Miocene and Pliocene warm periods whereas peak radiogenic εNd values mark a strongly diminished AMOC during the major intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation near 2.8 Ma and in the Pleistocene after 1.5 Ma. In contrast, the Hf isotope compositions (εHf) show an essentially continuous evolution from highly radiogenic values of up to +11 during the Miocene to less radiogenic present day values (+2 to +4) during the late Quaternary. The data document a long-term transition in dominant weathering inputs, where inputs from the South America are replaced by those from Southern Africa. Moreover, radiogenic peaks provide evidence for the supply of radiogenic Hf originating from Patagonian rocks to the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean via dust inputs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2016PA003056
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Neodymium isotope constraints on provenance, dispersal, and climate-driven supply of Zambezi sediments along the Mozambique Margin during the past ∼45,000 years (2016)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 17 (1). pp. 181-198.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Marine sediments deposited off the Zambezi River that drains a considerable part of the southeast African continent provide continuous records of the continental climatic and environmental conditions. Here we present time series of neodymium (Nd) isotope signatures of the detrital sediment fraction during the past ~45,000 years, to reconstruct climate-driven changes in the provenance of clays deposited along the Mozambique Margin. Coherent with the surface current regime, the Nd isotope distribution in surface sediments reveals mixing of the alongshore flowing Zambezi suspension load with sediments supplied by smaller rivers located further north. To reconstruct past changes in sediment provenances, Nd isotope signatures of clays that are not significantly fractionated during weathering processes have been obtained from core 64PE304-80, which was recovered just north of the Zambezi mouth at 1329 m water depth. Distinctly unradiogenic clay signatures (ENd values 〈214.2) are found during the Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich Stadial 1, and Younger Dryas. In contrast, the Nd isotope record shows higher, more radiogenic isotope signatures during Marine Isotope Stage 3 and between ~15 and ~5 ka BP, the latter coinciding with the timing of the northern hemisphere African Humid Period. The clay-sized sediment fraction with the least radiogenic Nd isotope signatures was deposited during the Holocene, when the adjacent Mozambique Shelf became completely flooded. In general, the contribution of the distinctly unradiogenic Zambezi suspension load has followed the intensity of precession-forced monsoonal precipitation and enhanced during periods of increased southern hemisphere insolation and high-latitude northern hemispheric climate variability.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GC006080
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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