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  • 2015-2019  (4)
  • 2010-2014  (13)
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  • 1
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    Gas and seismicity within the Istanbul seismic gap (2018)
    Nature Research
    In:  Scientific Reports, 8 (Article number 6819).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Understanding micro-seismicity is a critical question for earthquake hazard assessment. Since the devastating earthquakes of Izmit and Duzce in 1999, the seismicity along the submerged section of North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (comprising the “Istanbul seismic gap”) has been extensively studied in order to infer its mechanical behaviour (creeping vs locked). So far, the seismicity has been interpreted only in terms of being tectonic-driven, although the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) is known to strike across multiple hydrocarbon gas sources. Here, we show that a large number of the aftershocks that followed the M 5.1 earthquake of July, 25th 2011 in the western Sea of Marmara, occurred within a zone of gas overpressuring in the 1.5–5 km depth range, from where pressurized gas is expected to migrate along the MMF, up to the surface sediment layers. Hence, gas-related processes should also be considered for a complete interpretation of the micro-seismicity (~M 〈 3) within the Istanbul offshore domain.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23536-7
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Monitoring of gas and seismic energy release by multiparametric benthic observatory along the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey) (2014)
    Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, 196 (2). pp. 850-866.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-24
    Description: Episodic gas seepage occurs at the seafloor in the Gulf of Izmit (Sea of Marmara, NW Turkey) along the submerged segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which ruptured during the 1999 Mw7.4 Izmit earthquake, and caused tectonic loading of the fault segment in front of the Istanbul metropolitan area. In order to study gas seepage and seismic energy release along the NAF, a multiparametric benthic observatory (SN-4) was deployed in the gulf at the western end of the 1999 Izmit earthquake rupture, and operated for about 1 yr at 166 m water depth. The SN-4 payload included a three-component broad-band seismometer, as well as gas and oceanographic sensors. We analysed data collected continuously for 161 d in the first part of the experiment, from 2009 October to 2010 March. The main objective of our work was to verify whether tectonic deformation along the NAF could trigger methane seepage. For this reason, we considered only local seismicity, that is, within 100 km from the station. No significant (ML ≥ 3.6) local earthquakes occurred during this period; on the other hand, the seismometer recorded high-frequency SDEs (short duration events), which are not related to seismicity but to abrupt increases of dissolved methane concentration in the sea water that we called MPEs (methane peak events). Acquisition of current velocity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and salinity, allowed us to analyse the local oceanographic setting during each event, and correlate SDEs to episodic gas discharges from the seabed. We noted that MPEs are the result of such gas releases, but are detected only under favourable oceanographic conditions. This stresses the importance of collecting long-term multiparametric time-series to address complex phenomena such as gas and seismic energy release at the seafloor. Results from the SN-4 experiment in the Sea of Marmara suggest that neither low-magnitude local seismicity, nor regional events affect intensity and frequency of gas flows from the seafloor.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggt436
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    B cell-intrinsic deficiency of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) causes severe abnormalities of the peripheral B-cell compartment in mice (2012)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-23
    Description: Wiskott Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is caused by mutations in the WAS gene that encodes for a protein (WASp) involved in cytoskeleton organization in hematopoietic cells. Several distinctive abnormalities of T, B, and natural killer lymphocytes; dendritic cells; and phagocytes have been found in WASp-deficient patients and mice; however, the in vivo consequence of WASp deficiency within individual blood cell lineages has not been definitively evaluated. By conditional gene deletion we have generated mice with selective deficiency of WASp in the B-cell lineage (B/WcKO mice). We show that this is sufficient to cause a severe reduction of marginal zone B cells and inability to respond to type II T-independent Ags, thereby recapitulating phenotypic features of complete WASp deficiency. In addition, B/WcKO mice showed prominent signs of B-cell dysregulation, as indicated by an increase in serum IgM levels, expansion of germinal center B cells and plasma cells, and elevated autoantibody production. These findings are accompanied by hyperproliferation of WASp-deficient follicular and germinal center B cells in heterozygous B/WcKO mice in vivo and excessive differentiation of WASp-deficient B cells into class-switched plasmablasts in vitro, suggesting that WASp-dependent B cell–intrinsic mechanisms critically contribute to WAS-associated autoimmunity.
    Keywords: Immunobiology
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Monitoring of gas and seismic energy release by multiparametric benthic observatory along the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey) (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-09
    Description: Episodic gas seepage occurs at the seafloor in the Gulf of Izmit (Sea of Marmara, NW Turkey) along the submerged segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which ruptured during the 1999 M w 7.4 Izmit earthquake, and caused tectonic loading of the fault segment in front of the Istanbul metropolitan area. In order to study gas seepage and seismic energy release along the NAF, a multiparametric benthic observatory (SN-4) was deployed in the gulf at the western end of the 1999 Izmit earthquake rupture, and operated for about 1 yr at 166 m water depth. The SN-4 payload included a three-component broad-band seismometer, as well as gas and oceanographic sensors. We analysed data collected continuously for 161 d in the first part of the experiment, from 2009 October to 2010 March. The main objective of our work was to verify whether tectonic deformation along the NAF could trigger methane seepage. For this reason, we considered only local seismicity, that is, within 100 km from the station. No significant ( M L ≥ 3.6) local earthquakes occurred during this period; on the other hand, the seismometer recorded high-frequency SDEs (short duration events), which are not related to seismicity but to abrupt increases of dissolved methane concentration in the sea water that we called MPEs (methane peak events). Acquisition of current velocity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and salinity, allowed us to analyse the local oceanographic setting during each event, and correlate SDEs to episodic gas discharges from the seabed. We noted that MPEs are the result of such gas releases, but are detected only under favourable oceanographic conditions. This stresses the importance of collecting long-term multiparametric time-series to address complex phenomena such as gas and seismic energy release at the seafloor. Results from the SN-4 experiment in the Sea of Marmara suggest that neither low-magnitude local seismicity, nor regional events affect intensity and frequency of gas flows from the seafloor.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 5
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    Gas and seismicity within the Istanbul seismic gap (2018)
    In:  Scientific Reports
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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    GFZ OAI
  • 6
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    The importance of multi-parametric analysis in long- term submarine gas emission monitoring: the SN4 ob- servatory at the North Anatolian Fault (Marmara Sea, Turkey) (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: Methane-rich fluid vents have been widely observed and associated to active faults in the Sea of Marmara, along the submerged portion of the North Ana- tolian Fault (NAF). Episodic gas seepage also occurs in the Izmit Gulf, along the NAF segment that ruptured during the 1999 Izmit earthquake. This site is thus a unique area to test the hypothesis on the relation between strike-slip deforma- tion, seismic activity and gas expulsion within an active fault zone. A long-term multi-parametric experiment can be an effective way to study the irregular dy- namics of gas emission from seafloor and to understand its possible relation with seismic activity. A benthic seafloor observatory (SN-4) was deployed in the Izmit Gulf in 2009 using the R/V Urania as a demonstration mission in the framework of the EC ES- ONET (European Seas Observatory NETwork) project. Instrumental redundancy and specific cross-correlation of data from different sensors, proves to be funda- mental to distinguish actual seepage events from other signals related to ocean- ographic behaviour or even sensor biases. The observatory was equipped with a three component broad-band seismometer, a CTD with turbidity meter, two methane detectors, an oxygen sensor and a current-meter. All sensors installed on the observatory were managed by dedicated low-power electronics, which can manage a wide set of data streams with quite different sampling rates. A unique reference time, set by a central high-precision clock, is used to tag each datum. After six months of continuous monitoring, SN-4 was recovered in March 2010 in order to download the data and replace the batteries for a further six month mission period and finally recovered in October 2010. The data analysis clearly shows frequent degassing events, recorded as methane anomalies in seawater and as high-frequency short-duration signals recorded by the seismometer.. The time series of other oceanographic parameters (tempera- ture, oxygen concentration, turbidity and salinity) shows patterns that seem to be linked to both local gas seepage and to the circulation of water masses in the Gulf of Izmit. A comparative analysis of the various observables and their mutual correlation, can be a key tool to understand actual degassing events along the NAF. This analysis is first attempt in finding possible correlations be
    Description: Published
    Description: Cadiz, Spain
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: seafloor observatory ; methane seepage ; multi-parametric ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 7
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    GEOSTAR, an observatory for deep sea geophysical and oceanographic researches: characteristics, first scientific mission and future activity (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: GEOSTAR (GEophysical and Oceanographic STation for Abyssal Research) is a project funded by in the 4th Framework Programme of the European Commission, with the aim of developing an innovative deep sea benthic observatory capable of carrying out long-term (up to 1 year) scientific observations at abyssal depths. The configuration of the observatory, conceived to be a node of monitoring networks, is made up of two main subsystems: the Bottom Station, which in addition to the acquisition and power systems and all the sensors also hosts the communications systems; and the Mobile Docker, a dedicated tool for surface-assisted deployment and recovery. At present the Bottom Station is equipped with a triaxial broad-band seismometer, two magnetometers (fluxgate and scalar), CTD, transmissometer, ADCP, but it can easily host other sensors for different experiments. The first phase of the project, started in November 1995, was concluded with the demonstration mission in Adriatic Sea at shallow water depth (42 m) in August - September 1998. Some preliminary results of this first scientific experiment are presented and discussed. The second phase, started in 1999, will end with a long-term deep sea scientific mission, scheduled during 2000 for 6-8 months at 3400 m.w.d. in the southern Tyrrhenian bathyal plain.
    Description: Published
    Description: 491-497
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Deep-sea researches with multidisciplinary observatories ; Geophysics ; Oceanography ; Tyrrhenian Sea ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Confronto tra la distribuzione delle direzioni di massima propagazione delle isosisme e i domini dei lineamenti in Italia Settentrionale (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The progressive deformation of the important deep regional structures produces superficial stresses with consequent azimuthally distributed lineament swarms. In the Eastern Alps and Northern Apennine Front the maximum elongations of digitized isoseisms have been compared with the prevalent lineament domains with the aim to evaluate their structural meaning. In some cases we can note a substantial parallelism between the main trends of the maximum macroseismic elongations and the main trends of the lineament swarms, in these cases there is also a parallelism with the direction of the main geological regional structures. Such results suggest that the regional stresses affect both the isoseismal elongation trends and the lineament swarms
    Description: Published
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Lineament swarms ; Maximum macroseismic elongation ; Regional stress fields ; Eastern Alps ; Northern Apennine front ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Valutazione di parametri connessi con lo studio della pericolosità sismica (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Italian seismic catalogues contain information about earhquakes occurred in Italy; nevertheless only for a few of them it was possible to draw isoseismal maps. The aim of this work is to define for the events lacking of these the mean propagation patten of macroseismic effects by means of model derived from the available maps. The Italian territory was divided in 11 zones with similar seismotectonic characteristics. For each of these zones a mean azimuthal propagation model was computed by means of digitized macroseismic maps with epicentral intensity (Io) greater than or equal to VI degree of MERCALLI-CANCANI-SIEBERG scale (M.C.S.) for homologous isoseisms. These models were applied to those events for which it was not possible to draw maps. Italy was subsequently subdivided in elementary cells (0.1 x 0.1 degree) for each of which some parameters were evaluated, using the available isoseisms or the models, such as the number of macroseismic fewlt effects for each intensity degree, the maximum felt intensity and a synthetic index (C) summarizing all the previous effects. Each parameter was included in a map covering the whole territory to obtain more complete information for seismic hazards problems. Finlly the approach was applied to three important cities such as Milan, Bologna and Florence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Macroseismic field pattern ; Macrozonation ; Seismic Catalogues ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    NEMO-SN1 Abyssal Cabled Observatory in the Western Ionian Sea (2012)
    IEEE / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Incorporated
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: The “NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory - Submarine Network 1” (NEMO-SN1) seafloor observatory is located in the central Mediterranean Sea, Western Ionian Sea, off Eastern Sicily (Southern Italy) at 2100 m water depth, 25 km from the harbour of the city of Catania. It is a prototype of a cabled deep-sea multiparameter observatory and the first one operating with real-time data transmission in Europe since 2005. NEMO-SN1 is also the first-established node of the “European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory” (EMSO, http://www.emso-eu.org), one of the incoming European large-scale research infrastructures included in the Roadmap of the “European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures” (ESFRI, http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm) since 2006. EMSO will specifically address long-term monitoring of environmental processes related to Marine Ecosystems, Climate Change and Geo-hazards. NEMO-SN1 has been deployed and developed over the last decade thanks to Italian funding and to the EC project “European Seas Observatory NETwork - Network of Excellence” (ESONET-NoE, 2007-2011) that funded the “Listening to the Deep Ocean - Demonstration Mission” (LIDO-DM) and a technological interoperability test (http://www.esonet-emso.org/). NEMOSN1 is performing geophysical and environmental long-term monitoring by acquiring seismological, geomagnetic, gravimetric, accelerometric, physico-oceanographic, hydroacoustic, bio-acoustic measurements. Scientific objectives include studying seismic signals, tsunami generation and warnings, its hydroacoustic precursors, and ambient noise characterisation in terms of marine mammal sounds, environmental and anthropogenic sources. NEMO-SN1 is also an important test-site for the construction of the “Kilometre-Cube Underwater Neutrino Telescope” (KM3NeT, http://www.km3net.org/), another large-scale research infrastructure included in the ESFRI Roadmap based on a large volume neutrino telescope. The description of the observatory and its most recent implementations is presented. On 9th June, 2012 NEMO-SN1 was successfully deployed and is working in real-time.
    Description: Published
    Description: 358 - 374
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: NEMO-SN1 cabled observatory ; Geo-hazards ; Bio-acoustics ; High-energy astrophysics ; EMSO ; KM3NeT ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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