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  • 1985-1989  (82)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract At ODP Site 661 from the continental margin of Northwest Africa, authigenic clinoptilolites were investigated in detail. Based on chemical data, crystal size and shape and their intergrowth with associated mineral phases, two types of clinoptilolite (type A and B) occur representing different diagenetic conditions under which the formation of zeolites took place. Clinoptilolite type A was found in a sediment section comprises numerous hiatuses and stratigraphically condensed sediments and could have been formed during early diagenesis. In contrast, clinoptilolite type B was precipitated in Campanian sediments during later diagenesis, after the transformation from opal-A to opal-CT had taken place. At Site 661, the silica source for the authigenesis of both clinoptilolite types is biogenic opal. Volcanic ash material occurs, but in low amounts and thus is not a prerequisite for the formation of clinoptilolite at Site 661.
    Abstract: Résumé Des cristaux de clinoptilolite authigène, provenant du site ODP 661 (marge continentale nord-ouest-africaine), ont fait l'objet d'une étude détaillée par microscopie électronique, diffractométrie X et microsonde. Les données chimiques, la taille et la forme des cristaux ainsi que leur intercroissance avec d'autres phases minérales permettent de distinguer 2 types (A et B) de clinoptinolite, qui correspondent aux conditions diagénétiques différentes dans lesquelles les zéolites se sont formées. La clinoptilolite de type A a été rencontrée dans une succession de sédiments stratigraphiquement condensés; elle pourrait s'être formée au début de la diagenèse. La clinoptilolite de type B, par contre, rencontrée surtout dans les sédiments campaniens a précipité au cours des stades tardifs de la diagenèse, après la transformation de l'opale A en opale CT. Au site 661, la source de silice nécessaire à la formation authigène des deux types de clinoptilolite est constituée par l'opale biogénique. Les cendres volcaniques qui pourraient éventuellement être à l'origine de la formation de clinoptilolite, n'ont été rencontrées que dans un seul horizon et n'ont joué aucun rôle en l'occurence.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der ODP-Bohrung 661 (Leg 108) vom Kontinentalrand vor Nordwest-Afrika wurden authigene Klinoptilolith-Kristalle mit Hilfe der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, Röntgendiffraktometrie und Mikrosonde im Detail untersucht. Anhand der Kristallgrößen und -formen, ihren Verwachsungen mit anderen Mineralphasen und ihren chemischen Zusammensetzungen wurden 2 Klinoptilolithtypen (Typ A und B) unterschieden. Typ A wurde in stratigraphisch kondensierten Sedimenten nachgewiesen und könnte im Zuge von frühdiagenetischen Porenwasserreaktionen entstanden sein. Klinoptilolithtyp B, welcher vorwiegend in den campanen Sedimenten der ODP-Bohrung 661 vorkommt, wurde während der späteren Silikatdiagenese nach der Transformation von Opal-A in Opal-CT gebildet. Als Silikatquelle für die Kristallisation beider Klinoptilolithtypen wurden überwiegend biogene Opalskelette benutzt. Vulkanisches Aschenmaterial, welches ebenfalls ein Potential für die Klinoptilolithentstehung bildet, wurde nur in einem Horizont nachgewiesen und hatte keinen wesentlichen Einfluß auf die Klinoptilolithentstehung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 75 (1986), S. 125-138 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Oxygen isotopes and clay minerals, grain size, and accumulation rates of terrigenous (i. e., mainly eolian) sediments from northeast Atlantic DSDP-Sites 141, 366, 397 and 544B and from southwest Pacific DSDP-Sites 588, 590 and 591 were used to assess parallelisms and differences in the evolution of paleoclimate and paleoceanic circulation in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres during the last 7 Ma. Concomitant with the Messinian cooling event, both northwest African and Australian deserts expanded, as defined by increased supply of illite and increased accumulation rates of terrigenous matter. After an early Pliocene phase of more humid climatic conditions in Australia, as well as in northwest Africa, the accumulation rates of terrigenous sediments distinctly increased in the Southwest Pacific at about 4 Ma, whereas the northeast Atlantic Sites were still characterized by low terrigenous sediment supply until 3.2 Ma. Coincident with the build-up of major Arctic ice sheets during the last 3 Ma, increased aridity and enhanced atmospheric and oceanic circulation in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres were inferred from distinct changes in the terrigenous sediment supply and a coarsening of both bulk and terrigenous sediment fractions.
    Abstract: Résumé Une étude, portant sur les isotopes de l'oxygène, les minéraux argileux, la granulométrie et le taux d'accumulation des sédiments (surtout éoliens) a été menée dans le NE de l'Atlantique (sites DSDP 141, 366, 397 et 544B) et dans le SW du Pacifique (sites DSDP 588, 590 et 591), de manière à comparer l'évolution des climats et des circulations océaniques dans les deux hémispheres au cours des derniers 7 ma. Les résultats sont les suivants. 1. La période froide du Miocène supérieur a été accompagnée d'une extension des déserts du NW africain et d'Australie; ceci ressort de l'apport accru de matériaux terrigènes et de la teneur plus élevée en illite des sédiments. 2. Le Pliocène inférieur correspond à une phase climatique plus humide dans le NW africain et l'Australie. Après cette phase, il y a 4 ma, le SW du Pacifique a présenté un taux d'accumulation terrigène extrêment élevé, ce qui indique le développement d'un climat aride en Australie. Au même moment, le climat du NW africain était encore humide, comme en témoigne le faible taux de sédimentation terrigène dans l'Atlantique. 3. Il y a environ 3,2 ma, lors de 1' extension de grandes masses de glaces aux hautes latitudes N, la circulation atmosphérique méridionale de l'hémisphère N s'est renforcée et le climat s'est désertifié dans le NW africain. Ceci se reflète dans un accroissement en quantité et en granularité des apports éoliens dans le NE de l'Atlantique. Au cours des trois dernièrs ma, le climat aride a été prédominant dans les régions subtropicales des deux hémisphères. 4. La circulation océanique des masses d'eau intermédiaires s'est renforcée nettement dans le SW du Pacifique il y a environ 3 ma. En témoignent les changements dans la granularité et le taux de dépôt des sédiments tant terrigènes que globaux. La circulation profonde dans le NE de l'Atlantique a atteint un maximum à 2,5 ma et à 1 ma, entraînant des lacunes nettes aux sites 366, 397 et 544B.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Sauerstoffisotope sowie Tonminerale, Korngrößen und Akkumulationsraten terrigener (d. h. in erster Linie äolomariner) Sedimente aus dem Nordost-Atlantik (DSDP-Sites 141, 366, 397 und 544B) und aus dem Südwest-Pazifik (DSDP-Sites 588, 590 und 591) wurden untersucht, um Aussagen über die Entwicklung von Klima und ozeanischer Zirkulation auf der Nord- und Südhemisphäre während der letzten 7 Mill. J.v.h. zu machen. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen. 1. Die Wüstengebiete in Nordwest-Afrika und Australien dehnten sich während der Kälteperiode im obersten Miozän aus, wie aus der erhöhten Zufuhr von Terrigenmaterial und dem erhöhten Illit-Anteil in den Sedimenten abzulesen ist. 2. Nach einer mehr humiden Klimaphase in Nordwest-Afrika und Australien während des unteren Pliozäns weisen die extrem hohen Akkumulationsraten von Terrigenmaterial im Südwest-Pazifik vor etwa 4. Mill. J.v.h. auf zunehmend aridere Klimaverhältnisse in Australien hin. Das Klima in Nordwest-Afrika war zu dieser Zeit noch humid, was aus den sehr niedrigen Akkumulationsraten von Terrigenmaterial angenommen wird. 3. Vor etwa 3.2 Mill. J.v.h., d. h. parallel zur Ausdehnung größerer Eismassen in hohen nördlichen Breiten, verstärkte sich die meridionale atmosphärische Zirkulation auf der Nordhemisphäre, und das Klima in Nordwest-Afrika wurde zunehmend arid, was sich in einer deutlichen Vergröberung und einer deutlich erhöhten Zufuhrrate von Windstaub im Nordost-Atlantik widerspiegelt. Während der letzten 3 Mill. J.v.h. dominierte ein arides Klima in den Subtropen der Nord- und Südhemisphäre. 4. Die ozeanische Zirkulation der intermediären Wassermassen im Südwest-Pazifik verstärkte sich deutlich vor etwa 3 Mill. J.v.h., wie aus den Änderungen in Korngrößen und Zufuhrraten des Terrigen- und des Gesamtsediments abzulesen ist. Die Tiefenwasserzirkulation im Nordost-Atlantik erreichte Maximalwerte vor etwa 2.5 und 1 Mill. J.v.h., was zu deutlichen Schichtlücken in den Sites 366, 397 und 544B führte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: Surface water characteristics of the Beaufort Sea have global climate implications during the last deglaciation and the Holocene, as (1) sea ice is a critical component of the climate system and (2) Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater discharges via the Mackenzie River to the Arctic Ocean and further, to its outflow near the deep-water source area of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here we present high-resolution biomarker records from the southern Beaufort Sea. Multi-proxy biomarker reconstruction suggests that the southern Beaufort Sea was nearly ice-free during the deglacial to Holocene transition, and a seasonal sea-ice cover developed during the mid-late Holocene. Superimposed on the long-term change, two events of high sediment flux were documented at ca. 13 and 11 kyr BP, respectively. The first event can be attributed to the Younger Dryas flood and the second event is likely related to a second flood and/or coastal erosion.
    Description: The Beaufort Sea was nearly ice-free during the transition from the last deglacial to the Holocene, a period in which two episodes of high sediment flux suggest major glacial flood events, according to high-resolution multi-proxy biomarker records.
    Description: Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Alfred-Wegener- Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003207
    Description: China Scholarship Council (CSC) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004543
    Description: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Biogeochemistry ; Cryospheric science ; Palaeoceanography
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The ultimate demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) and the preceding and succeeding oceanographic changes along the western Labrador Sea offer insights critically important to improve climate predictions of expected future climate warming and further melting of the Greenland ice cap. However, while the final disappearance of the LIS during the Holocene is rather well constrained, the response of sea ice during the resulting meltwater events is not fully understood. Here, we present reconstructions of paleoceanographic changes over the past 9.3 Kyr BP on the northwestern Labrador Shelf, with a special focus on the interaction between the final meltwater event around 8.2 Kyr BP and sea ice and phytoplankton productivity (e.g., IP〈sub〉25〈/sub〉, HBI III (Z), brassicasterol, dinosterol, biogenic opal, total organic carbon). Our records indicate low sea‐ice cover and high phytoplankton productivity on the Labrador Shelf prior to 8.9 Kyr BP, sea‐ice formation was favored by decreased surface salinities due to the meltwater events from Lake Agassiz‐Ojibway and the Hudson Bay Ice Saddle from 8.55 Kyr BP onwards. For the past ca. 7.5 Kyr BP sea ice is mainly transported to the study area by local ocean currents such as the inner Labrador and Baffin Current. Our findings provide new insights into the response of sea ice to increased meltwater discharge as well as shifts in atmospheric and oceanic circulation.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Sea ice on the Labrador Shelf mainly follows the solar insolation and meltwater input from the decaying Laurentide Ice Sheet〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Sea ice increased following the Lake Agassiz outburst and Hudson Bay Ice Saddle Collapse between 8.5 and 8.2 Kyr BP〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Low sea ice conditions during the Holocene Thermal Maximum were replaced by an increase following the Neoglacial cooling trend〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Ocean Frontier Institute
    Description: NSERC
    Description: https://doi.org/10.4095/221564
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949244
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8247131
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949065
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949056
    Keywords: ddc:551.7 ; sea ice ; Atlantic Ocean ; IP25 ; 8.2 event
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-07-30
    Description: At ODP Site 661 from the continental margin of Northwest Africa, authigenic clinoptilolites were investigated in detail. Based on chemical data, crystal size and shape and their intergrowth with associated mineral phases, two types of clinoptilolite (type A and B) occur representing different diagenetic conditions under which the formation of zeolites took place. Clinoptilolite type A was found in a sediment section comprises numerous hiatuses and stratigraphically condensed sediments and could have been formed during early diagenesis. In contrast, clinoptilolite type B was precipitated in Campanian sediments during later diagenesis, after the transformation from opal-A to opal-CT had taken place. At Site 661, the silica source for the authigenesis of both clinoptilolite types is biogenic opal. Volcanic ash material occurs, but in low amounts and thus is not a prerequisite for the formation of clinoptilolite at Site 661.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    Texas A & M University
    In:  Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, 108 . pp. 241-278.
    Publication Date: 2019-01-23
    Description: Five Ocean Drilling Program sites (657-661), which form a north-south transect off the western periphery of the Sahara, were selected. Nearshore mean flux of opal off Cap Blanc (21°N) showed an abrupt increase about 3 Ma that appears to reflect the main onset of coastal upwelling fertility and enhanced trade winds. At the same time, the input of river-borne clay strongly decreased, suggesting a dry up of the central Saharan rivers. Later, marked short-lived spikes of clay and opal may indicate ongoing ephemeral pulses of fluvial runoff linked to peak interglacial stages. Aridification of the south Sahara and Sahel increased in several steps: at 4.6, 4.3 and especially at 4.0, 3.6 and 2.1 Ma, and again, at 0.8 Ma. The late Miocene and earliest Pliocene were humid. Central and north Sahara climate appears to be linked to the glaciation history of the Northern Hemisphere. Spatial distribution of quartz accumulation suggests that the dust outbreaks linked to the Intertropical Convergence Zone during summer did not shift in latitude back to 4.0 Ma, at least. Short-term variations of dust output over the last 0.5 my followed orbital scale pulses with a strong precessional signal, showing a link of Sahelian humidity changes to the variation of sea-surface temperature and evaporation in the tropical Atlantic.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, 105 . pp. 155-170.
    Publication Date: 2016-02-15
    Description: Eocene to Holocene sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 647 (Leg 105) in the southern Labrador Sea, approximately 200 km south of the Gloria Drift deposits, were investigated for their biogenic silica composition. Three sections of different diagenetic alteration products of primary siliceous components could be distinguished: (1) opal-A was recorded in the Miocene and the early Oligocene time intervals with strongly corroded siliceous skeletons in the Miocene and mostly well preserved biogenic opal in the early Oligocene; (2) opal-CT precipitation occurs between 250-440 meters below seafloor (mbsf) (earliest Oligocene to late Eocene); (3) between 620-650 mbsf (early/middle Eocene), biogenic opal was transformed to clay minerals by authigenesis of smectites. Using accumulation rates of biogenic opal, paleoproductivity was estimated for the early Oligocene to late Eocene interval. A maximum productivity of biogenic silica probably occurred between 35.5 and 34.5 Ma (early Oligocene). No evidence for opal sedimentation during most of middle Eocene was found. However, at the early/middle Eocene boundary (around 52 Ma), increased opal fluxes were documented by diagenetic alteration products of siliceous skeletons.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The impact of the ongoing anthropogenic warming on the Arctic Ocean sea ice is ascertained and closely monitored. However, its long-term fate remains an open question as its natural variability on centennial to millennial timescales is not well documented. Here, we use marine sedimentary records to reconstruct Arctic sea-ice fluctuations. Cores collected along the Lomonosov Ridge that extends across the Arctic Ocean from northern Greenland to the Laptev Sea were radiocarbon dated and analyzed for their micropaleontological and palynological contents, both bearing information on the past sea-ice cover. Results demonstrate that multiyear pack ice remained a robust feature of the western and central Lomonosov Ridge and that perennial sea ice remained present throughout the present interglacial, even during the climate optimum of the middle Holocene that globally peaked ∼6,500 y ago. In contradistinction, the southeastern Lomonosov Ridge area experienced seasonally sea-ice-free conditions, at least, sporadically, until about 4,000 y ago. They were marked by relatively high phytoplanktonic productivity and organic carbon fluxes at the seafloor resulting in low biogenic carbonate preservation. These results point to contrasted west–east surface ocean conditions in the Arctic Ocean, not unlike those of the Arctic dipole linked to the recent loss of Arctic sea ice. Hence, our data suggest that seasonally ice-free conditions in the southeastern Arctic Ocean with a dominant Arctic dipolar pattern, may be a recurrent feature under “warm world” climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: To reconstruct the climatic and paleoceanographic variability offshore Northeast Greenland during the last ~10 ka with multidecadal resolution, sediment core PS93/025 from the outermost North-East Greenland continental shelf (80.5°N) was studied by a variety of micropaleontological, sedimentological and isotopic methods. High foraminiferal fluxes, together with high proportions of ice-rafted debris and high Ca/Fe ratios, indicate a maximum in bioproductivity until ~8 ka related to a low sea-ice coverage. Sortable silt values, planktic foraminifer associations, and stable isotope data of planktic and benthic foraminifers suggest a strong westward advection of relatively warm Atlantic Water by the Return Atlantic Current during this time, with a noticeable bottom current activity. This advection may have been facilitated by a greater water depth at our site, resulting from postglacial isostatic depression. For the following mid-Holocene interval (ca. 8–5 ka), isotope data, lower foraminiferal fluxes and a shift in grain size maxima point to a lasting but successively decreasing Atlantic Water inflow, a weakening productivity, and a growing sea-ice coverage which is also revealed by the P III IP 25 index. A final stage in the environmental development was reached at ~5 ka with the establishment of pre-industrial conditions. Low Ca/Fe ratios, low foraminiferal fluxes, low sortable silt values and the sea-ice indicating P III IP 25 index point to a limited productivity and a weak Atlantic Water inflow by the Return Atlantic Current to our research area, as well as a higher and/or seasonally more extended sea-ice coverage during the Late Holocene. Two intervals with somewhat enhanced Atlantic Water advection around 2.0 and 1.0 ka are indicated by slightly increased foraminiferal fluxes and the reoccurrence of subpolar foraminifers. These intervals may correlate with the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly, as defined in the North Atlantic region.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Highlights • Highly variable sea-ice conditions off eastern North Greenland during the Holocene. • The mid to late Holocene is characterized by seasonal to marginal sea-ice conditions. • Seasonal formation of the Northeast-Water (NEW) Polynya during the last 1 ka. Understanding the processes controlling the natural variability of sea ice in the Arctic, one of the most dynamic components of the climate system, can help to constrain the effects of future climate change in this highly sensitive area. For the first time, a high-resolution biomarker study was carried out to reconstruct past sea-ice variability off eastern North Greenland. This area is strongly influenced by cold surface waters and drift ice transported via the East Greenland Current, meltwater pulses from the outlet glaciers of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and the build-up of landfast ice. The well-dated Holocene sedimentary section of Core PS93/025 provides insights into variations of the sea-ice conditions (regional and local sea-ice signal), oceanic and atmospheric circulation and the biotic response to these changes. These biomarker records show a reduced to variable sea-ice cover during the early Holocene between 10.2 and 9.3 ka, followed by a steady increase in sea-ice conditions during the mid Holocene. During the last 5–6 ka, sea-ice conditions remained more stable representing a seasonal to marginal sea-ice situation. Based on our biomarker records, stable sea-ice edge conditions, with a fully developed polynya situation occurred since the last 1 ka.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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