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  • 1990-1994  (84)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Sedimentation and deposition ; Organic geochemistry ; Geology, Stratigraphic Cenozoic ; Geology North Atlantic Region ; Geology Atlantic Coast (Africa, Northwest) ; Geology Japan, Sea of ; Meeressediment ; Organischer Stoff ; Kohlenstoff ; Akkumulation ; Hochschulschrift ; Meeressediment ; Organischer Stoff ; Kohlenstoff ; Akkumulation ; Meeressediment ; Organischer Stoff ; Kohlenstoff ; Akkumulation
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XIII, 217 S , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt , 25 cm
    ISBN: 3540538135 , 0387538135
    Series Statement: Lecture notes in earth sciences 34
    DDC: 551.46083
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturverz. S. [192]-213 , Zugl.: Gießen, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 1990 , Literaturverz. S. [192] - 213
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  • 2
    Keywords: Habilitationsschrift
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 216 Bl , graph. Darst
    Language: English , German
    Note: Giessen, Univ., Habil, 1990
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Detailed sedimentological investigations were performed on sediments from DSDP-Site 594 (Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand) in order to reconstruct the evolution of paleoclimate and paleoceanographic conditions in the Southwest Pacific during the last 6 million years. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) High accumulation rates of biogenic opal and carbonate and the dominance of smectites in the clay fraction suggest increased oceanic productivity and an equable dominantly humid climate during the late Miocene. (2) During Pliocene times, decreasing contents of smectites and increasing feldspar/quartz ratios point to an aridification in the source area of the terrigenous sediments, culmunating near 2.5 Ma. At that time, accumulation rates of terrigenous components distinctly increased probably caused by increased sediment supply due to intensified atmospheric and oceanic circulation, lowered sea level, and decreased vegetation cover. (3) A hiatus (1.45 to 0.73 Ma) suggests intensified intermediate-water circulation. (4) Major glacial/interglacial cycles characterize the upper 0.73 Ma. During glacial times, oceanic productivity and terrigenous sediment supply was distinctly increased because of intensified atmospheric and oceanic circulations and lowered sea level, whereas during interglacials productivity and terrigenous sediment supply were reduced. (5) An increased content of amphibols in the sediments of Site 594 indicates increased volcanic activities during the last 4.25 Ma.
    Abstract: Résumé Des sédiments recueillis au SITE DSDP 594 (Chatham Rise, à l'est de la Nouvelle Zélande) ont fait l'objet d'une étude minéralogique et sédimentologique de détail en vue de reconstituer l'évolution paléoclimatique et paléo-océanique du Pacifique Sud au cours des derniers 6 Ma. Voici les résultats de cette étude: 1. Pendant le Miocène supérieur, une teneur élevée en opale biogénique et en carbonate, ainsi que la prédominance de smectites dans la fraction argileuse indiquent une productivité océanique accrue et un climat humide uniforme. 2. Au cours du Pliocène, la teneur en smectite diminue et le rapport feldspath/quartz augmente, ce qui indique une aridification du climat dans les régions-sources des sédiments terrigènes, avec un maximum aux environs de 2,5 Ma. Ce moment correspond à un accroissement marqué du taux d'accumulation des terrigènes. Ce phénomène est dû probablement à un apport sédimentaire accru, en raison d'une circulation atmosphérique et océanique plus active, à un niveau de la mer plus bas et à une réduction du couvert végétal. Ces changements sont sans doute en relation avec l'établissement de conditions climatiques glaciaires dans l'hémisphère nord. 3. Une lacune, entre 1,45 et 0,73 Ma, suggère une circulation intensifiée des eaux intermédiaires. 4. Les derniers 0,73 Ma (Pléistocène moyen et supérieur) sont caractérisés par une série de cycles glaciaires/interglaciaires. Les périodes glaciaires, avec une importante circulation atmosphérique et océanique et avec un niveau des mers abaissé, sont caractérisées par une productivité océanique et un apport terrigène accrus. L'inverse se produit pendant les interglaciaires. 5. Au cours des derniers 4,25 Ma, la teneur élevée des sédiments en amphibole indique une montée de l'activité volcanique en Nouvelle Zélande et peutêtre aussi en Australie.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Sedimenten von DSDP-Site 594 wurden detaillierte sedimentologisch-mineralogische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Ziel der Arbeit war die Rekonstruktion der Ablagerungsbedingungen im Hinblick auf Paläoklima und paläoozeanische Verhältnisse. Besonderes Interesse galt den Zufuhrmechanismen der biogenen und terrigenen Komponenten. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: (1) Im Obermiozän weisen hohe Gehalte an Biogenopal auf verstärkte ozeanische Produktivität hin. Gleichmäßige pelagische Sedimentation mit hohen Karbonatgehalten und der Dominanz von Smectit in der Tonfraktion weist auf ausgeglichene und humide Klimabedingungen hin. (2) Im Verlauf des Pliozäns deuten der abnehmende Smectitgehalt und das zunehmende Feldspat/ Quarz-Verhältnis die wachsende Bedeutung physikalischer Verwitterung aufgrund ariderer Klimabedingungen an. Vor 2.5 Ma ist eine drastische Änderung der Ablagerungsbedingungen durch einen starken Anstieg des Terrigeneintrags zu verzeichnen. Dieser Umschwung steht wahrscheinlich in Zusammenhang mit dem Einsetzen vollglazialer Klimabedingungen auf der Nordhemisphäre. (3) Im Unter- bis Mittelpleistozän (1.45 bis 0.73 Ma) ist mit einer Schichtlücke eine Änderung/Intensivierung der Zwischenwasserzirkulation dokumentiert. (4) Das mittlere und obere Pleistozän ist durch zyklische Schwankungen in der Sedimentzusammensetzung charakterisiert, die mit Glazial-/Interglazialschwankungen korrelieren. Unter ariden Klimabedingungen und bei vorwiegend physikalischer Verwitterung ist das Feldspat/Quarz-Verhältnis relativ hoch und die Tonfraktion wird von Chlorit und Illit dominiert. Während der Glazialzeiten wird aufgrund des niedrigen Meeresspiegelstandes und der verstärkten ozeanischen und atmosphärischen Zirkulation vermehrt Terrigenmaterial zugeführt und abgelagert; die ozeanische Produktivität war ebenfalls erhöht. In den Interglazialzeiten ist die Sedimentzusammensetzung durch hohe Karbonatgehalte charakterisiert, was auf eine geringe Zufuhr von Terrigenmaterial zurückzuführen ist. Die Paläoproduktivität war niedriger als im Glazial. (5) Hinweise auf vulkanische Aktivität auf Neuseeland (oder auch in Australien) während der letzten 4.25 Ma geben die erhöhten Amphibolgehalte der Sedimente.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 10 (1990), S. 37-44 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Organic carbon content and sedimentation rate data may give information about the depositional environment of marine sediments. For sediments deposited under oxic deep-water conditions, a positive correlation exists between organic carbon content and sedimentation rate, with very high organic carbon values and high sedimentation rates typical for coastal upwelling areas. Under anoxic deep-water conditions, no such correlation exists. This relationship between (marine) organic carbon and sedimentation rate (the “OCSR diagram”) has been used to characterize the depositional environments of Deep-Sea Drilling Project/Ocean Drilling Program (DSDP/ODP) sediments of Late Cenozoic and Cretaceous age. Furthermore, the results are compared with organic carbon/sulfur data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 11 (1991), S. 90-95 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Accumulation rates of (marine) organic carbon and estimates of paleoproductivity from organic carbon data indicate distinct late Quaternary glacial/interglacial cycles at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 646. During the last 240,000 years, surface-water productivity was significantly higher in the northern Labrador Sea during interglacial than during glacial times (70 to 170 gC/m2/yr vs. 30 to 70 gC/m2/yr). The reduced glacial productivity is probably caused by a closed sea-ice cover dominating the northern Labrador Sea during glacial intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 423-428 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the Arctic Expedition ARK 8/3 (August to October 1991) with RV ’Polarstern‘ sediment samples from 13 staions with water depths of between 258 and 4,427 m were taken along a transect from the Barents Sea slope across the deep Arctic Eurasian Basins and the Gakkel Ridge to the Lomonosov Ridge to determine bacterial biomasses and organic carbon contents. Bacterial abundance dropped along the transect from 3.03 to 0.63×108 cells/cm3, and correspondingly bacterial biomass decreased from 17.35 to 3.43 μg C/cm3 sediment. Positve correlations were only found between total organic carbon concentrations of surface sediment layers and biomasses of small coccoid cells and small rods. The ridges and slopes seem to be sedimentation areas for the larger coccoid cells, presumably cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: Surface water characteristics of the Beaufort Sea have global climate implications during the last deglaciation and the Holocene, as (1) sea ice is a critical component of the climate system and (2) Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater discharges via the Mackenzie River to the Arctic Ocean and further, to its outflow near the deep-water source area of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here we present high-resolution biomarker records from the southern Beaufort Sea. Multi-proxy biomarker reconstruction suggests that the southern Beaufort Sea was nearly ice-free during the deglacial to Holocene transition, and a seasonal sea-ice cover developed during the mid-late Holocene. Superimposed on the long-term change, two events of high sediment flux were documented at ca. 13 and 11 kyr BP, respectively. The first event can be attributed to the Younger Dryas flood and the second event is likely related to a second flood and/or coastal erosion.
    Description: The Beaufort Sea was nearly ice-free during the transition from the last deglacial to the Holocene, a period in which two episodes of high sediment flux suggest major glacial flood events, according to high-resolution multi-proxy biomarker records.
    Description: Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Alfred-Wegener- Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003207
    Description: China Scholarship Council (CSC) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004543
    Description: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Biogeochemistry ; Cryospheric science ; Palaeoceanography
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The ultimate demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) and the preceding and succeeding oceanographic changes along the western Labrador Sea offer insights critically important to improve climate predictions of expected future climate warming and further melting of the Greenland ice cap. However, while the final disappearance of the LIS during the Holocene is rather well constrained, the response of sea ice during the resulting meltwater events is not fully understood. Here, we present reconstructions of paleoceanographic changes over the past 9.3 Kyr BP on the northwestern Labrador Shelf, with a special focus on the interaction between the final meltwater event around 8.2 Kyr BP and sea ice and phytoplankton productivity (e.g., IP〈sub〉25〈/sub〉, HBI III (Z), brassicasterol, dinosterol, biogenic opal, total organic carbon). Our records indicate low sea‐ice cover and high phytoplankton productivity on the Labrador Shelf prior to 8.9 Kyr BP, sea‐ice formation was favored by decreased surface salinities due to the meltwater events from Lake Agassiz‐Ojibway and the Hudson Bay Ice Saddle from 8.55 Kyr BP onwards. For the past ca. 7.5 Kyr BP sea ice is mainly transported to the study area by local ocean currents such as the inner Labrador and Baffin Current. Our findings provide new insights into the response of sea ice to increased meltwater discharge as well as shifts in atmospheric and oceanic circulation.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Sea ice on the Labrador Shelf mainly follows the solar insolation and meltwater input from the decaying Laurentide Ice Sheet〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Sea ice increased following the Lake Agassiz outburst and Hudson Bay Ice Saddle Collapse between 8.5 and 8.2 Kyr BP〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Low sea ice conditions during the Holocene Thermal Maximum were replaced by an increase following the Neoglacial cooling trend〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Ocean Frontier Institute
    Description: NSERC
    Description: https://doi.org/10.4095/221564
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949244
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8247131
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949065
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949056
    Keywords: ddc:551.7 ; sea ice ; Atlantic Ocean ; IP25 ; 8.2 event
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: The impact of the ongoing anthropogenic warming on the Arctic Ocean sea ice is ascertained and closely monitored. However, its long-term fate remains an open question as its natural variability on centennial to millennial timescales is not well documented. Here, we use marine sedimentary records to reconstruct Arctic sea-ice fluctuations. Cores collected along the Lomonosov Ridge that extends across the Arctic Ocean from northern Greenland to the Laptev Sea were radiocarbon dated and analyzed for their micropaleontological and palynological contents, both bearing information on the past sea-ice cover. Results demonstrate that multiyear pack ice remained a robust feature of the western and central Lomonosov Ridge and that perennial sea ice remained present throughout the present interglacial, even during the climate optimum of the middle Holocene that globally peaked ∼6,500 y ago. In contradistinction, the southeastern Lomonosov Ridge area experienced seasonally sea-ice-free conditions, at least, sporadically, until about 4,000 y ago. They were marked by relatively high phytoplanktonic productivity and organic carbon fluxes at the seafloor resulting in low biogenic carbonate preservation. These results point to contrasted west–east surface ocean conditions in the Arctic Ocean, not unlike those of the Arctic dipole linked to the recent loss of Arctic sea ice. Hence, our data suggest that seasonally ice-free conditions in the southeastern Arctic Ocean with a dominant Arctic dipolar pattern, may be a recurrent feature under “warm world” climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: To reconstruct the climatic and paleoceanographic variability offshore Northeast Greenland during the last ~10 ka with multidecadal resolution, sediment core PS93/025 from the outermost North-East Greenland continental shelf (80.5°N) was studied by a variety of micropaleontological, sedimentological and isotopic methods. High foraminiferal fluxes, together with high proportions of ice-rafted debris and high Ca/Fe ratios, indicate a maximum in bioproductivity until ~8 ka related to a low sea-ice coverage. Sortable silt values, planktic foraminifer associations, and stable isotope data of planktic and benthic foraminifers suggest a strong westward advection of relatively warm Atlantic Water by the Return Atlantic Current during this time, with a noticeable bottom current activity. This advection may have been facilitated by a greater water depth at our site, resulting from postglacial isostatic depression. For the following mid-Holocene interval (ca. 8–5 ka), isotope data, lower foraminiferal fluxes and a shift in grain size maxima point to a lasting but successively decreasing Atlantic Water inflow, a weakening productivity, and a growing sea-ice coverage which is also revealed by the P III IP 25 index. A final stage in the environmental development was reached at ~5 ka with the establishment of pre-industrial conditions. Low Ca/Fe ratios, low foraminiferal fluxes, low sortable silt values and the sea-ice indicating P III IP 25 index point to a limited productivity and a weak Atlantic Water inflow by the Return Atlantic Current to our research area, as well as a higher and/or seasonally more extended sea-ice coverage during the Late Holocene. Two intervals with somewhat enhanced Atlantic Water advection around 2.0 and 1.0 ka are indicated by slightly increased foraminiferal fluxes and the reoccurrence of subpolar foraminifers. These intervals may correlate with the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly, as defined in the North Atlantic region.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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