Description: This data set displays a refined age scale for the U1361A marine sediment core (64.41°S, 143.89°E, 3,454 m water depth), recovered from the continental rise offshore of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition (Escutia et al. 2011). This age scale is a refined version of the age scale published in Wilson et al. 2018. Here we use the AICC2012 ice core chronology as a reference curve in order to compare the late Pleistocene sediment core data from U1361A to the TALDICE ice core record. Specifically, we refine the existing U1361A age model through the alignment of barium/aluminium (Ba/Al) ratios from XRF-scanning7 with the EDC δD record on the AICC2012 age scale. We apply a conservative tuning strategy to align the two records, using tie points (derived by visual matching) only at the mid-points of the major glacial terminations I-V. Over the interval of interest for the present study (i.e. ~100-350 ka), the new age model for core U1361 differs by only 0 to 6 ka compared to the previous age model in which the sedimentation rate was assumed to be constant. The Nd and IBRD (ice rafted debris) and 143 Nd/144 Nd records for the U1361A published in Wilson et al. (2018) are drawn on the refined age scale.

Description: The data here described are presented in the submitted paper Response of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin Ice Sheet to Southern Ocean Warming During Late Pleistocene Interglacials by Crotti et al. This data set includes new high resolution measurements of d-excess, d18O and ssNa+ for the Antarctic TALDICE ice core (Latitude: -72.783330, Longitude: 159.066670, Elevation: 2315.0 m). The new data set covers the interglacials periods of MIS 5.5, MIS 7.5 and MIS 9.3 (1486 m depth - 1548 m depth). The data are drawn on the TALDICE deep1 chronology (Crotti et al. 2021). The d-excess (d = δD − 8 × δ18O) (permill) record covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 5 cm resolution and spans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 5.5. Between 1378.5 and 1421.65 m depth, 110-135 ka • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.85 and 1524.5 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.80 and 1547.90 m depth, 320-343 ka The d18O record (permill) covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 5 cm resolution and spans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.85 and 1524.5 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.80 and 1547.90 m depth, 320-343 ka The ssNa+ fluxes record covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 8 cm resolution and pans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.81 and 1524.54 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.73 and 1547.96 m depth, 320-343 ka The d18O and dD (non presented here) to calculate the d-excess were analysed in Italy (University of Venice) and France (LSCE) using the Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. Analyses were performed using a Picarro isotope water analyser (L2130-i version for both laboratories). The data were calibrated using a three-point linear calibration with three lab-standards that were themselves calibrated versus Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW). The average precision for the δ18O and δD measurements is 0.1 and 0.7 ‰, respectively. The concentrations of ssNa+ were measured on TALDICE ice samples at 8 cm resolution by classical ion chromatography on discrete samples collected using a melting device connected to an auto-sampler for the MIS 7.5 and MIS 9.3 whereas Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) was applied for MIS 5.5 samples. The total deposition ssNa+ flux was calculated multiplying the measured ice concentration of ssNa+ by the reconstructed accumulation rate. The accumulation rates were derived from the accumulation rates were obtained from the TALDICE deep1 age scale (Crotti et al. 2021).

Description: Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) offers micron-resolution 2D chemical imaging, which has been adapted recently to ice core analysis. Measurements were performed in 2020 at the Ca'Foscari University of Venice, in order to investigate the localization of impurities in the ice samples. Here images are presented from applying LA-ICP-MS elemental imaging to a samples of the EPICA Dome C ice core and the Talos Dome ice core from Antarctica. Lateral resolution is 35 microns both along and perpendicular to the scan direction. Considered as analytes are Na, Mg and Sr. Background and drift correction as well as image construction were performed using the software HDIP (Teledyne Photon Machines, Bozeman, MT, USA). Impurity images are acquired as a pattern of lines, without overlap in the direction perpendicular to that of the scan, and without any further spatial interpolation. Each pixel in an ice core chemical image has a size of 35 μm x 35 μm. For each chemical element the datasets comprise a numerical matrix which contains rows and columns according to the physical size of the image: an image of 7 mm x 35 mm in size has 200 rows and 1000 columns. The numerical entries in this matrix refer to the recorded intensity (e.g. in counts). Values lower than the detection limit are set to zero. Due to the careful synchronization, the individual pixels of the different chemical channels can be considered to be almost perfectly spatially aligned. In contrast, the mosaic of visual images obtained from the laser camera is not a-priori aligned with the chemical images. The visual images are generally characterized by air bubbles (dark blobs), grain boundaries (dark lines) and occasional sub-grain boundaries (thin dark lines).

Description: TALDICE deep1 ice core chronology (years) for the TALDICE ice core for ice and gas matrix between 1438 m depth and 1548 m depth at 1 m resolution. The chronology is correlated with accumulation rate, thinning function and LIDIE (lock-in-depth in ice equivalent). The TALDICE deep1 chronology is defined for both gas and ice matrix between 1438 m depth and 1548 m depth with the application of the IceChrono1 model (Parrenin et al. 2015). The age scale is defined at 1 m resolution and gas and ice age ages (expressed in years) with their respective uncertainties. The chronology is correlated with accumulation rate, thinning function and LIDIE (lock-in-depth in ice equivalent).

Description: The data here described are presented in the submitted paper Response of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin Ice Sheet to Southern Ocean Warming During Late Pleistocene Interglacials by Crotti et al. This data set includes new high resolution measurements of d-excess, d18O and ssNa+ for the Antarctic TALDICE ice core (Latitude: -72.783330, Longitude: 159.066670, Elevation: 2315.0 m). The new data set covers the interglacials periods of MIS 5.5, MIS 7.5 and MIS 9.3 (1486 m depth - 1548 m depth). The data are drawn on the TALDICE deep1 chronology (Crotti et al. 2021). The d-excess (d = δD − 8 × δ18O) (permill) record covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 5 cm resolution and spans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 5.5. Between 1378.5 and 1421.65 m depth, 110-135 ka • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.85 and 1524.5 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.80 and 1547.90 m depth, 320-343 ka The d18O record (permill) covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 5 cm resolution and spans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.85 and 1524.5 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.80 and 1547.90 m depth, 320-343 ka The ssNa+ fluxes record covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 8 cm resolution and pans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.81 and 1524.54 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.73 and 1547.96 m depth, 320-343 ka The d18O and dD (non presented here) to calculate the d-excess were analysed in Italy (University of Venice) and France (LSCE) using the Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. Analyses were performed using a Picarro isotope water analyser (L2130-i version for both laboratories). The data were calibrated using a three-point linear calibration with three lab-standards that were themselves calibrated versus Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW). The average precision for the δ18O and δD measurements is 0.1 and 0.7 ‰, respectively. The concentrations of ssNa+ were measured on TALDICE ice samples at 8 cm resolution by classical ion chromatography on discrete samples collected using a melting device connected to an auto-sampler for the MIS 7.5 and MIS 9.3 whereas Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) was applied for MIS 5.5 samples. The total deposition ssNa+ flux was calculated multiplying the measured ice concentration of ssNa+ by the reconstructed accumulation rate. The accumulation rates were derived from the accumulation rates were obtained from the TALDICE deep1 age scale (Crotti et al. 2021).

Description: We present the full dD of water and d18O of water data at 55 cm resolution on the EPICA Dome C ice core from the near surface (6.6 m) to the bottom (3190 m), hence covering the last 800 ka. The EPICA Dome C ice core has been drilled in Antarctica (-75.1°S; 123.395°E; 3233 m elevation) between 1996 and 2004 and measurements performed from 2001 to 2020. Some of the data were already published in previous published studies (Jouzel et al. 2007; Stenni et al. 2001, 2004, 2010) but corrections were performed in the present data file. dD measurements from Jouzel et al. (2007) were obtained using a uranium reduction method. In this new dataset, these results over the last 800 ka are combined with new dD measurements (760 samples) performed over the deepest 418 m using a Picarro L2130-i (cavity ring-down spectroscopy). The d18O measurements presented here were performed using a water-CO2 equilibration method. This dataset goes along with a paper published in Nature Geoscience (Landais et al., 2021).

Description: The data here described are presented in the submitted paper Response of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin Ice Sheet to Southern Ocean Warming During Late Pleistocene Interglacials by Crotti et al. This data set includes new high resolution measurements of d-excess, d18O and ssNa+ for the Antarctic TALDICE ice core (Latitude: -72.783330, Longitude: 159.066670, Elevation: 2315.0 m). The new data set covers the interglacials periods of MIS 5.5, MIS 7.5 and MIS 9.3 (1486 m depth - 1548 m depth). The data are drawn on the TALDICE deep1 chronology (Crotti et al. 2021). The d-excess (d = δD − 8 × δ18O) (permill) record covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 5 cm resolution and spans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 5.5. Between 1378.5 and 1421.65 m depth, 110-135 ka • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.85 and 1524.5 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.80 and 1547.90 m depth, 320-343 ka The d18O record (permill) covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 5 cm resolution and spans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.85 and 1524.5 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.80 and 1547.90 m depth, 320-343 ka The ssNa+ fluxes record covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 8 cm resolution and pans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.81 and 1524.54 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.73 and 1547.96 m depth, 320-343 ka The d18O and dD (non presented here) to calculate the d-excess were analysed in Italy (University of Venice) and France (LSCE) using the Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. Analyses were performed using a Picarro isotope water analyser (L2130-i version for both laboratories). The data were calibrated using a three-point linear calibration with three lab-standards that were themselves calibrated versus Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW). The average precision for the δ18O and δD measurements is 0.1 and 0.7 ‰, respectively. The concentrations of ssNa+ were measured on TALDICE ice samples at 8 cm resolution by classical ion chromatography on discrete samples collected using a melting device connected to an auto-sampler for the MIS 7.5 and MIS 9.3 whereas Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) was applied for MIS 5.5 samples. The total deposition ssNa+ flux was calculated multiplying the measured ice concentration of ssNa+ by the reconstructed accumulation rate. The accumulation rates were derived from the accumulation rates were obtained from the TALDICE deep1 age scale (Crotti et al. 2021).

Description: The data here described are presented in the submitted paper Response of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin Ice Sheet to Southern Ocean Warming During Late Pleistocene Interglacials by Crotti et al. This data set includes new high resolution measurements of d-excess, d18O and ssNa+ for the Antarctic TALDICE ice core (Latitude: -72.783330, Longitude: 159.066670, Elevation: 2315.0 m). The new data set covers the interglacials periods of MIS 5.5, MIS 7.5 and MIS 9.3 (1486 m depth - 1548 m depth). The data are drawn on the TALDICE deep1 chronology (Crotti et al. 2021). The d-excess (d = δD − 8 × δ18O) (permill) record covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 5 cm resolution and spans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 5.5. Between 1378.5 and 1421.65 m depth, 110-135 ka • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.85 and 1524.5 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.80 and 1547.90 m depth, 320-343 ka The d18O record (permill) covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 5 cm resolution and spans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.85 and 1524.5 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.80 and 1547.90 m depth, 320-343 ka The ssNa+ fluxes record covers the periods MIS 5.5 , MIS 7.5 and 9.3 MIS is at 8 cm resolution and pans the following age-depths intervals: • MIS 7.5. Between 1521.81 and 1524.54 m depth, 243-248 ka • MIS 9.3. Between 1541.73 and 1547.96 m depth, 320-343 ka The d18O and dD (non presented here) to calculate the d-excess were analysed in Italy (University of Venice) and France (LSCE) using the Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. Analyses were performed using a Picarro isotope water analyser (L2130-i version for both laboratories). The data were calibrated using a three-point linear calibration with three lab-standards that were themselves calibrated versus Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW). The average precision for the δ18O and δD measurements is 0.1 and 0.7 ‰, respectively. The concentrations of ssNa+ were measured on TALDICE ice samples at 8 cm resolution by classical ion chromatography on discrete samples collected using a melting device connected to an auto-sampler for the MIS 7.5 and MIS 9.3 whereas Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) was applied for MIS 5.5 samples. The total deposition ssNa+ flux was calculated multiplying the measured ice concentration of ssNa+ by the reconstructed accumulation rate. The accumulation rates were derived from the accumulation rates were obtained from the TALDICE deep1 age scale (Crotti et al. 2021).

Description: This data set displays a refined age scale for the U1361A marine sediment core (64.41°S, 143.89°E, 3,454 m water depth), recovered from the continental rise offshore of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition (Escutia et al. 2011). This age scale is a refined version of the age scale published in Wilson et al. 2018. Here we use the AICC2012 ice core chronology as a reference curve in order to compare the late Pleistocene sediment core data from U1361A to the TALDICE ice core record. Specifically, we refine the existing U1361A age model through the alignment of barium/aluminium (Ba/Al) ratios from XRF-scanning7 with the EDC δD record on the AICC2012 age scale. We apply a conservative tuning strategy to align the two records, using tie points (derived by visual matching) only at the mid-points of the major glacial terminations I-V. Over the interval of interest for the present study (i.e. ~100-350 ka), the new age model for core U1361 differs by only 0 to 6 ka compared to the previous age model in which the sedimentation rate was assumed to be constant. The Nd and IBRD (ice rafted debris) and 143 Nd/144 Nd records for the U1361A published in Wilson et al. (2018) are drawn on the refined age scale.

Description: d18O atmospheric (permill) and dO2/N2 atmospheric (permill) measured on TALDICE ice core between 1356 and 1617 m depth. The d15N, d18Oatm and dO2/N2 (permill) ratios are measured in the air extracted from 81 ice samples between 1356 m depth and 1620 m depth. The extraction of air trapped in the ice is performed at LSCE, using a semi-automatic extraction line (Capron et al., 2010), and δ18Oatm, δ15N and δO2/N2 of air are measured using a dual inlet Delta V plus (Thermo Electron Corporation) mass spectrometer.