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  • 2020-2024  (1)
  • 2020-2023  (1)
  • 2020-2022  (1)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: The recovery of benthic communities inside the western Gulfof Maine fishing closure area was evaluated by comparing invertebrate assemblages at sites inside and outside of the closure four to six years after the closure was established. The major restriction imposed by the closurewas a year-round prohibition of bottom gillnets and otter trawls. A total of 163 seafloor sites (~half inside and half outside the closure) within a 515-km2 study area were sampled with some combination of Shipek grab, Wildco box corer, or underwater video. Bottom types ranged from mud (silt and clay) to boulders, and the effects of the closure on univariate measures (total density, biomass, taxonomicrichness) of benthos varied widely among sediment types. For sites with predominantly mud sediments, there were mixed effects on inside and outside infauna and no effect onepifauna. For sites with mainly sand sediments, there were higher density, biomass, and taxonomic richness for infauna inside the closure, but no significant effects on epifauna. For sites dominated by gravel (which included boulders in some areas), there were no effects on infauna but strong effects on epifaunal density and taxonomic richness. For fishing gear, the data indicated that infauna recovered insand from the impacts of otter trawls operated inside the closure but that they did not recover in mud, and that epifauna recovered on gravel bottoms from the impact of gillnets used inside the closure. The magnitudes of impact and recovery, however, cannot be inferred directly from ourdata because of a confounding factor of different fishing intensities outside the closure for a direct comparison ofpreclosure and postclosure data. The overall negative impact of trawls is likely underestimated by our data,whereas the negative impact of gillnets is likely overestimated.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 308
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Barker, L. D. L., Jakuba, M., V., Bowen, A. D., German, C. R., Maksym, T., Mayer, L., Boetius, A., Dutrieux, P., & Whitcomb, L. L. Scientific challenges and present capabilities in underwater robotic vehicle design and navigation for oceanographic exploration under-ice. Remote Sensing, 12(16), (2020): 2588, doi:10.3390/rs12162588.
    Description: This paper reviews the scientific motivation and challenges, development, and use of underwater robotic vehicles designed for use in ice-covered waters, with special attention paid to the navigation systems employed for under-ice deployments. Scientific needs for routine access under fixed and moving ice by underwater robotic vehicles are reviewed in the contexts of geology and geophysics, biology, sea ice and climate, ice shelves, and seafloor mapping. The challenges of under-ice vehicle design and navigation are summarized. The paper reviews all known under-ice robotic vehicles and their associated navigation systems, categorizing them by vehicle type (tethered, untethered, hybrid, and glider) and by the type of ice they were designed for (fixed glacial or sea ice and moving sea ice).
    Description: Barker and Whitcomb gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under Award 1319667 and 1909182, and support of the first author under a Graduate Fellowship from the Johns Hopkins Department of Mechanical Engineering. Jakuba, Bowen, and German gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Planetary Science and Technology through Analog Research (PSTAR) award NNX16AL04G. Maksym was supported by National Science Foundation Award CMMI-1839063. Dutrieux was supported by his Center for Climate and Life Fellowship from the Earth Institute of Columbia University. Boetius acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz Association for the FRAM infrastructure, and from her ERC Adv. Grant ABYSS (294757). Mayer’s work is supported by NOAA Grant NA15NOS4000200.
    Keywords: Underwater robotic vehicles ; Under-ice navigation ; Tethered vehicles ; Hybrid vehicles ; Gliders ; Ocean science ; Ocean exploration
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Bathymetry (seafloor depth), is a critical parameter providing the geospatial context for a multitude of marine scientific studies. Since 1997, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) has been the authoritative source of bathymetry for the Arctic Ocean. IBCAO has merged its efforts with the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO-Seabed 2030 Project, with the goal of mapping all of the oceans by 2030. Here we present the latest version (IBCAO Ver. 4.0), with more than twice the resolution (200 × 200 m versus 500 × 500 m) and with individual depth soundings constraining three times more area of the Arctic Ocean (∼19.8% versus 6.7%), than the previous IBCAO Ver. 3.0 released in 2012. Modern multibeam bathymetry comprises ∼14.3% in Ver. 4.0 compared to ∼5.4% in Ver. 3.0. Thus, the new IBCAO Ver. 4.0 has substantially more seafloor morphological information that offers new insights into a range of submarine features and processes; for example, the improved portrayal of Greenland fjords better serves predictive modelling of the fate of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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