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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Earth Science Vol. 11 ( 2023-2-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2023-2-8)
    Abstract: Seafloor depressions (SD) are features commonly observed on the ocean floor. They often occur as circular, small-sized (up to 10 s of m) incisions caused by fluid expulsion. Larger depressions (100s m to km) are considerably less abundant, and their origin and development have been scarcely studied. This study investigated two giant morphological depressions ( & gt;5 km) using recently acquired multibeam bathymetry and backscatter, sediment echosounder, and high-resolution seismic data. An arc-shaped (SD-N) and a sub-circular depression (SD-S) are located on the Ewing Terrace at the Argentine Continental Margin north and south of the Mar del Plata Canyon, respectively. The study area is influenced by the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence, where major counterflowing ocean currents affect sedimentation, and northward flowing currents form a large contourite depositional system. Using an existing seismo-stratigraphy, the onset of SD-N was dated to the middle Miocene (∼15–17 Ma), whereas SD-S started developing at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (∼6 Ma). Acoustic anomalies indicate the presence of gas and diffuse upward fluid migration, and therefore seafloor seepage is proposed as the initial mechanism for SD-S, whereas we consider a structural control for SD-N to be most likely. Initial depressions were reworked and maintained by strong and variable bottom currents, resulting in prograding clinoform reflection patterns (SD-N) or leading to the build-up of extensive cut-and-fill structures (SD-S). Altogether, this study highlights the evolution of two unique and complex seafloor depressions throughout the geologic past under intense and variable bottom current activity in a highly dynamic oceanographic setting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-6463
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/feart.2023.1117013
    DOI: 10.3389/feart.2023.1117013.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2741235-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differentiating between Bayesian parameter learning and structure learning based on behavioural and pupil measures
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2023
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2023-2-16), p. e0270619-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2023-2-16), p. e0270619-
    Abstract: Within predictive processing two kinds of learning can be distinguished: parameter learning and structure learning. In Bayesian parameter learning, parameters under a specific generative model are continuously being updated in light of new evidence. However, this learning mechanism cannot explain how new parameters are added to a model. Structure learning, unlike parameter learning, makes structural changes to a generative model by altering its causal connections or adding or removing parameters. Whilst these two types of learning have recently been formally differentiated, they have not been empirically distinguished. The aim of this research was to empirically differentiate between parameter learning and structure learning on the basis of how they affect pupil dilation. Participants took part in a within-subject computer-based learning experiment with two phases. In the first phase, participants had to learn the relationship between cues and target stimuli. In the second phase, they had to learn a conditional change in this relationship. Our results show that the learning dynamics were indeed qualitatively different between the two experimental phases, but in the opposite direction as we originally expected. Participants were learning more gradually in the second phase compared to the first phase. This might imply that participants built multiple models from scratch in the first phase (structure learning) before settling on one of these models. In the second phase, participants possibly just needed to update the probability distribution over the model parameters (parameter learning).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.g002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.g003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.g004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.s002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.r001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.r002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.r003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270619.r004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Bioleaching of Zinc from Blast Furnace Cast House Dust
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Minerals Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-28), p. 1007-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-28), p. 1007-
    Abstract: Metallurgical dusts are by-products from steel manufacturing. The high iron content of cast house dust (~64%) makes this by-product an interesting iron feedstock alternative. Therefore, its return into the internal steelmaking circuit, specifically in the sinter plant, is a common practice in the steel industry. However, this dust fraction also contains heavy metals, as zinc. As a result of the re-entry of zinc into the process, the zinc concentration in the blast furnace flue gas dust also increases. This prevents the full recirculation of the blast furnace flue gas dust in the steelmaking process despite its relatively high iron content (~35%), thus causing part of the blast furnace flue gas dust to end in the landfill. The goal of this study was to investigate the usage of bacteria, such as the sulfur oxidizing Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans or the iron and sulfur oxidizing Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, to leach the undesirable element zinc from the cast house dust while preventing the leaching of iron, by adjusting the sulfur addition and avoiding, at the same time, the accumulation of sulfur in the solid fraction. Experiments proved that a co-culture of A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans can effectively leach zinc from metallurgical dusts, maintaining high iron concentrations in the material. The influence of elemental sulfur on the efficiencies reached was shown, since higher removal efficiencies were achieved with increasing sulfur concentrations. Maximum zinc leaching efficiencies of ~63% (w/w) and an iron enrichment of ~7% (w/w) in the remaining residue were achieved with sulfur concentrations of 15 g/L for cast house gas concentrations of 125 g/L.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min13081007
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Table_1.xlsx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 14 ( 2023-8-17)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-8-17)
    Abstract: Metal recycling is essential for strengthening a circular economy. Microbial leaching (bioleaching) is an economical and environmentally friendly technology widely used to extract metals from insoluble ores or secondary resources such as dust, ashes, and slags. On the other hand, microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) would offer an energy-efficient application for recovering valuable metals from an aqueous solution. In this study, we investigated a MEC for Zn recovery from metal-laden bioleachate for the first time by applying a constant potential of −100 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) on a synthetic wastewater-treating bioanode. Zn was deposited onto the cathode surface with a recovery efficiency of 41 ± 13% and an energy consumption of 2.55 kWh kg −1 . For comparison, Zn recovery from zinc sulfate solution resulted in a Zn recovery efficiency of 100 ± 0% and an energy consumption of 0.70 kWh kg −1 . Furthermore, selective metal precipitation of the bioleachate was performed. Individual metals were almost completely precipitated from the bioleachate at pH 5 (Al), pH 7 (Zn and Fe), and pH 9 (Mg and Mn).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1238853
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1238853.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ukrainian Refugees in Germany: Evidence From a Large Representative Survey
    German Federal Institute for Population Research ; 2023
    In:  Comparative Population Studies Vol. 48 ( 2023-08-08)
    Details
    In: Comparative Population Studies, German Federal Institute for Population Research, Vol. 48 ( 2023-08-08)
    Abstract: This study describes the first wave of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey on Ukrainian Refugees in Germany, a unique panel dataset based on over 11,000 interviews conducted between August and October 2022. The aim of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey is to provide a data-infrastructure for theory-driven and evidence-based research on various aspects of integration among Ukrainian refugees in Germany, the second most important destination country in the EU after Poland, hosting over a million people who arrived in Germany shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Based on the survey, this study also provides first insights into demographic, educational, linguistic, occupational, and social characteristics of this population. The analyses revealed that the refugee population comprised mostly young and educated individuals, with a significant proportion of females without partners and female-headed separated families. While German language skills were limited, about half of Ukrainian refugees had attended or were attending language courses. However, the integration process faced significant challenges, as the participation of children in day-care was relatively low, and the self-reported life satisfaction was markedly below the average of the German population. The study highlights the need for targeted policy measures to address such issues. Additionally, policies may aim at harnessing the high potential of the Ukrainian refugees for the German labor market. Given that a substantial proportion would like to stay in Germany permanently, policymakers should take note of these findings and aim to facilitate their long-term integration process to ensure that these refugees may thrive in Germany.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1869-8999 , 1869-8980
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.12765/CPoS-2023-16
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: German Federal Institute for Population Research
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2576152-3
    SSG: 3,4
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