Description: Hyrrokkin sarcophaga is a parasitic foraminifera that is commonly found in cold-water coral reefs where it infests the file clam Acesta excavata and the scleractinian coral Desmophyllum pertusum (formerly known as Lophelia pertusa). Here, we present measurements of the trace element and isotopic composition of these parasitic foraminifera, analyzed by inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and mass spectrometry (gas-source MS and inductively-coupledplasma MS). Our results reveal that the geochemical signature of H. sarcophaga depends on the host organism it infests. Sr / Ca ratios are 1.1 mmol mol 1 higher in H. sarcophaga that infest D. pertusum, which could be an indication that dissolved host carbonate material is utilized in shell calcification, given that the aragonite of D. pertusum has a naturally higher Sr concentration compared to the calcite of A. excavata. Similarly, we measure 3.1 parts per thousand lower delta C-13 and 0.25 parts per thousand lower delta O-18 values in H. sarcophaga that lived on D. pertusum, which might be caused by the direct uptake of the host's carbonate material with a more negative isotopic composition or different pH regimes in these foraminifera (pH can exert a control on the extent of CO2 hydration/hydroxylation) due to the uptake of body fluids of the host. We also observe higher Mn / Ca ratios in foraminifera that lived on A. excavata but did not penetrate the host shell compared to specimen that penetrated the shell, which could be interpreted as a change in food source, changes in the calcification rate, Rayleigh fractionation or changing oxygen conditions. While our measurements provide an interesting insight into the calcification process of this unusual foraminifera, these data also indicate that the geochemistry of this parasitic foraminifera is unlikely to be a reliable indicator of paleoenvironmental conditions using Sr / Ca, Mn / Ca, delta O-18 or delta C-13 unless the host organism is known and its geochemical composition can be accounted for.

Description: High-resolution proxy records are needed to evaluate models simulating past, present and future climatic conditions. Before such records can be reliably employed, calibration studies have to be conducted to assess the confidence intervals of the proxies. Here, we use shells of the fast growing Pacific oyster Magallana gigas from the Central Wadden Sea, North Sea, a temperate barrier island-backbarrier tidal flat-salt marsh system with large seasonal changes of water mass-properties, for the calibration of geochemical proxies. M. gigas represents a nonnative invasive species that rapidly develops oyster reefs. Calcite shells of two specimens from the intertidal and subtidal zones were sampled in high resolution yielding sub-monthly data sets. The time period represented in the shell, based on δ18O age modeling, was estimated at 8–10 years and the growth of the shells was restricted from (late) spring to (early) autumn of each year. Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios of the intertidal and subtidal specimens show similar seasonal patterns. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios are investigated as high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) proxies. Important ontogenetic effects (i.e., increasing time-averaging with increasing age) as well as inter-specimen variability are discussed as limiting factors for the proxy development. Intertidal Mg/Ca ratios show only a significant correlation to the high-resolution SST record of the Central Wadden Sea when the early ontogenetic stage is considered. Sr/Ca ratios were comparable in terms of absolute values and amplitudes to those of M. gigas in the Northern Wadden Sea, but amplitudes were decreasing with increasing age. These findings seriously hamper the application of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca for reliable palaeotemperature reconstructions regardless of ontogenetic stage. The Mn/Ca ratios were investigated as proxy for Mn cycling in tidal basins, where it is interrelated with seasonal changes in primary production. In addition to the generally observed seasonal variability of the Mn/Ca oyster records, the subtidal Mn/Ca is significantly elevated compared to intertidal Mn/Ca. The subtidal Mn/Ca offset likely reflects differences in Mn cycling in tidal settings and could, therefore, serve in the palaeorecord as indicator to differentiate inter- and subtidal habitats in the same embedding sedimentary facies. This habitat effect has to be considered as an important factor besides environmental change when interpreting the high-resolution proxy record of fossil oysters.

Description: Multibeam bathymetry raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg (Simrad) EM 120 multibeam echosounder was almost continuously recorded during RV METEOR cruise M70/1. Data were recorded on 23 days between 2006-09-24 and 2006-10-17. Data cover various areas in the Mediterranean Sea. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 1900m. During data acquisition the Kongsberg EM 710 multibeam echosounder was occasionally running simultaneously during the survey. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. No ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus added to this dataset. However, data analysis of the raw data reveled that SVP has been changed on several occasions during the cruise. This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area "Data management and Digitalization" (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM). Data are unprocessed and therefore may contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. Data can be processed e.g. with the open source software package MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, http://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system/, 2021).

Description: Vegetative and morphometric corallite traits were quantified on skeletal samples of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. The aim was to characterize the morphological diversity of this species at the level of corallites. Morphometric measurements were taken with caliper and tape measure in two replicates, in order to be averaged to reduce measurement error. The analyzed skeletal samples had been collected from various locations in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea during multiple cruises, and are kept at the Senckenberg am Meer (SaM) institute in Wilhelmshaven, Germany.

Description: Multibeam bathymetry raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 710 multibeam echosounder was almost continuously recorded during RV METEOR cruise M70/1. Data were recorded on 18 days between 2006-09-23 and 2006-10-15. Data cover various areas in the Mediterranean Sea. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 640m. During data acquisition the Kongsberg (Simrad) EM 120 multibeam echosounder was occasionally running simultaneously during the survey. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. No ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus added to this dataset. However, data analysis of the raw data reveled that SVP has been changed on several occasions during the cruise. This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area "Data management and Digitalization" (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM). Data are unprocessed and therefore may contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. Data can be processed e.g. with the open source software package MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, http://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system/, 2021).

Description: Multibeam bathymetry raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg (Simrad) EM 1002 multibeam echosounder was almost continuously recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM02/3. Data were recorded on 17 days between 2006-07-31 and 2006-08-17. Data cover various areas of shoreline and fjord system of Svalbard. The approximate average depth of the entire dataset is around 200m. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. No ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) from the cruise are archived at the BSH, thus added to this dataset. However, data analysis of the raw data reveled that SVP has been changed on several occasions during the cruise. This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area "Data management and Digitalization" (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM). Data are unprocessed and therefore may contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) without further processing. Data can be processed e.g. with the open source software package MB-System (Caress, D. W., and D. N. Chayes, MB-System: Mapping the Seafloor, http://www.mbari.org/products/research-software/mb-system/, 2021).