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  • 2020-2024
  • 2015-2019  (86)
  • 2010-2014  (51)
  • 2018  (86)
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2015-2019  (86)
  • 2010-2014  (51)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Climatic changes ; Climatic changes Simulation methods ; Climatic changes Forecasting ; Paleoclimatology ; Paleoclimatology Simulation methods ; Earth sciences Research ; Methodology ; System theory ; Interdisciplinary research ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Klima ; Geosphäre
    Description / Table of Contents: Earth system science is traditionally split into various disciplines (Geology, Physics, Meteorology, Oceanography, Biology etc.) and several sub-disciplines. Overall, the diversity of expertise provides a solid base for interdisciplinary research. However, gaining holistic insights into the Earth system requires the integration of observations, paleoclimate data, analysis tools and modeling. These different approaches of Earth system science are rooted in various disciplines that cut across a broad range of timescales. It is, therefore, necessary to link these disciplines at a relatively early stage in PhD programs. The linking of data and modeling, as it is the special emphasis in our graduate school, enables graduate students from a variety of disciplines to cooperate and exchange views on the common theme of Earth system science, which leads to a better understanding of processes within a global context
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XI, 134 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. , 24 cm
    ISBN: 3642322344 , 9783642322341
    Series Statement: Springer briefs in earth system sciences
    DDC: 550.72
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: 1. Introduction-- 2. Remote Sensing and Modelling of Atmospheric Chemistry-- 3. Earth System Modelling and Data Analysis-- 4. Geotectonics-- 5. Climate Archives-- 6. Ecosystems and Climate Change-- 7. Geoinformatics-- 8. Geoengeneering. , General aspects of earth system science , The structural and educational concept in an interdisciplinary research school for earth system science , NO₂ pollution trends over megacities 1996-2010 from combined multiple satellite data sets , A brief example on the application of remotely sensed tracer observations in atmospheric science : studying the impact of stratosphere-mesosphere coupling on polar ozone variability , Contamination of the western Pacific atmosphere , Three dimensional model simulations of the impact of solar proton events on nitrogen compounds and ozone in the middle atmosphere , Evaluation of the coupled and extended SCIATRAN version including radiation processes within the water : initial results , Improving the PhytoDOAS method to retrieve coccolithophores using hyper-spectral satellite data , Primary productivity and circulation patterns downstream of South Georgia : a Southern Ocean "island mass effect" , Summer sea ice concentration changes in the Weddell Sea and their causes , Validation of the snow grain size retrieval SGSP using six ground truth data sets , The last interglacial as simulated by an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model : sensitivity studies on the influence of the Greenland ice sheet , Simulated Caribbean climate variability during the mid-Holocene , Oceanic [delta]¹⁸O variation and its relation to salinity in the MPI-OM ocean model , Ocean adjustment to high-latitude density perturbations , Continental deformation of Antarctica during Gondwana's breakup , The inorganic carbon system in the deep Southern Ocean and glacial-interglacial atmospheric CO₂ , The significance of the long lived (〉400 years) bivalve Arctica islandica as a high-resolution bioarchive , Sub-annual resolution measurements of dust concentration and size in different time slices of the NorthGRIP ice core , Predicting habitat suitability of cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa using multiscale terrain variables , Resource-aware decomposition and orchestration of geoprocessing requests in a SOA framework , A specification-based quality model to improve confidence in Web services of multidisciplinary earth system science , Feasibility study of using a petroleum systems modeling software to evaluate basin scale pressure evolution associated with CO₂ storage
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  • 2
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    National Academy of Sciences
    In:  PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115 (21). pp. 5365-5370.
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: The Pacific hosts the largest oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world ocean, which are thought to intensify and expand under future climate change, with significant consequences for marine ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and fisheries. At present, no deep ventilation occurs in the North Pacific due to a persistent halocline, but relatively better-oxygenated subsurface North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) mitigates OMZ development in lower latitudes. Over the past decades, instrumental data show decreasing oxygenation in NPIW; however, long-term variations in middepth ventilation are potentially large, obscuring anthropogenic influences against millennial-scale natural background shifts. Here, we use paleoceanographic proxy evidence from the Okhotsk Sea, the foremost North Pacific ventilation region, to show that its modern oxygenated pattern is a relatively recent feature, with little to no ventilation before six thousand years ago, constituting an apparent Early–Middle Holocene (EMH) threshold or “tipping point.” Complementary paleomodeling results likewise indicate a warmer, saltier EMH NPIW, different from its modern conditions. During the EMH, the Okhotsk Sea switched from a modern oxygenation source to a sink, through a combination of sea ice loss, higher water temperatures, and remineralization rates, inhibiting ventilation. We estimate a strongly decreased EMH NPIW oxygenation of ∼30 to 50%, and increased middepth Pacific nutrient concentrations and carbon storage. Our results (i) imply that under past or future warmer-than-present conditions, oceanic biogeochemical feedback mechanisms may change or even switch direction, and (ii) provide constraints on the high-latitude North Pacific’s influence on mesopelagic ventilation dynamics, with consequences for large oceanic regions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Journal of Glaciology, 64 (244). pp. 227-235.
    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: The positive degree-day (PDD) model provides a particularly simple approach to estimate surface melt from land ice based solely on air temperature. Here, we use a climate and snow pack simulation of the Greenland ice sheet (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional, MAR) as a reference, to analyze this scheme in three realizations that incorporate the sub-monthly temperature variability differently: (i) by local values, (ii) by local values that systematically overestimate the dampened variability associated with intense melting or (iii) by one constant value. Local calibrations reveal that incorporating local temperature variability, particularly resolving the dampened variability of melt areas, renders model parameters more temperature-dependent. This indicates that the negative feedback between surface melt and temperature variability introduces a non-linearity into the temperature – melt relation. To assess the skill of the individual realizations, we hindcast melt rates from MAR temperatures for each realization. For this purpose, we globally calibrate Greenland-wide, constant parameters. Realization (i) exhibits shortcomings in the spatial representation of surface melt unless temperature-dependent instead of constant parameters are calibrated. The other realizations perform comparatively well with constant parametrizations. The skill of the PDD model primarily depends, however, on the consistent calibration rather than on the specific representation of variability.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: Recent global warming is pronounced in high-latitude regions (e.g. northern Asia), and will cause the vegetation to change. Future vegetation trends (e.g. the “arctic greening”) will feed back into atmospheric circulation and the global climate system. Understanding the nature and causes of past vegetation changes is important for predicting the composition and distribution of future vegetation communities. Fossil pollen records from 468 sites in northern and eastern Asia were biomised at selected times between 40 cal ka bp and today. Biomes were also simulated using a climate-driven biome model and results from the two approaches compared in order to help understand the mechanisms behind the observed vegetation changes. The consistent biome results inferred by both approaches reveal that long-term and broad-scale vegetation patterns reflect global- to hemispheric-scale climate changes. Forest biomes increase around the beginning of the late deglaciation, become more widespread during the early and middle Holocene, and decrease in the late Holocene in fringe areas of the Asian Summer Monsoon. At the southern and southwestern margins of the taiga, forest increases in the early Holocene and shows notable species succession, which may have been caused by winter warming at ca. 7 cal ka bp. At the northeastern taiga margin (central Yakutia and northeastern Siberia), shrub expansion during the last deglaciation appears to prevent the permafrost from thawing and hinders the northward expansion of evergreen needle-leaved species until ca. 7 cal ka bp. The vegetation-climate disequilibrium during the early Holocene in the taiga-tundra transition zone suggests that projected climate warming will not cause a northward expansion of evergreen needle-leaved species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Stable water isotope records from Antarctica are key for our understanding of Quaternary climate variations. However, the exact quantitative interpretation of these important climate proxy records in terms of surface temperature, ice sheet height and other climatic changes is still a matter of debate. Here we report results obtained with an atmospheric general circulation model equipped with water isotopes, run at a high-spatial horizontal resolution of one-by-one degree. Comparing different glacial maximum ice sheet reconstructions, a best model data match is achieved for the PMIP3 reconstruction. Reduced West Antarctic elevation changes between 400 and 800 m lead to further improved agreement with ice core data. Our modern and glacial climate simulations support the validity of the isotopic paleothermometer approach based on the use of present-day observations and reveal that a glacial ocean state as displayed in the GLAMAP reconstruction is suitable for capturing the observed glacial isotope changes in Antarctic ice cores.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  The Cryosphere, 12 (12). pp. 3923-3930.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: We propose a surface melt scheme for glaciated land surfaces, which only requires monthly mean short-wave radiation and temperature as inputs, yet implicitly accounts for the diurnal cycle of short-wave radiation. The scheme is deduced from the energy balance of a daily melt period, which is defined by a minimum solar elevation angle. The scheme yields a better spatial representation of melting than common empirical schemes when applied to the Greenland Ice Sheet, using a 1948–2016 regional climate and snowpack simulation as a reference. The scheme is physically constrained and can be adapted to other regions or time periods.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Understanding how the Antarctic ice sheet will respond to global warming relies on knowledge of how it has behaved in the past. The use of numerical models, the only means to quantitatively predict the future, is hindered by limitations to topographic data both now and in the past, and in knowledge of how subsurface oceanic, glaciological and hydrological processes interact. Incorporating the variety and interplay of such processes, operating at multiple spatio-temporal scales, is critical to modeling the Antarctic’s system evolution and requires direct observations in challenging locations. As these processes do not observe disciplinary boundaries neither should our future research.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Earth System Dynamics, 9 (4). pp. 1279-1281.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: Holocene sea surface temperature trends and variability are underestimated in models compared to paleoclimate data. The idea is presented that the local trends and variability are related, which is elaborated in a conceptual framework of the stochastic climate model. The relation is a consequence of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, connecting the linear response of a system to its statistical fluctuations. Consequently, the spectrum can be used to estimate the timescale-dependent climate response. The non-normality in the propagation operator introduces enhanced long-term variability related to nonequilibrium and/or Earth system sensitivity. The simple model can guide us to analyze comprehensive models' behavior.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Keywords: AWI_Paleo; File format; File name; File size; Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12 data points
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Vahlenkamp, Maximilian; Niezgodzki, Igor; De Vleeschouwer, David; Bickert, Torsten; Harper, Dustin T; Kirtland Turner, Sandra; Lohmann, Gerrit; Sexton, Philip F; Zachos, James C; Pälike, Heiko (2018): Astronomically paced changes in deep-water circulation in the western North Atlantic during the middle Eocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 484, 329-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.12.016
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) currently redistributes heat and salt between Earth's ocean basins, and plays a vital role in the ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange. Despite its crucial role in today's climate system, vigorous debate remains as to when deep-water formation in the North Atlantic started. Here, we present datasets from carbonate-rich middle Eocene sediments from the Newfoundland Ridge, revealing a unique archive of paleoceanographic change from the progressively cooling climate of the middle Eocene. Well-defined lithologic alternations between calcareous ooze and clay-rich intervals occur at the ~41-kyr beat of axial obliquity. Hence, we identify obliquity as the driver of middle Eocene (43.5-46 Ma) Northern Component Water (NCW, the predecessor of modern NADW) variability. High-resolution benthic foraminiferal d18O and d13C suggest that obliquity minima correspond to cold, nutrient-depleted, western North Atlantic deep waters. We thus link stronger NCW formation with obliquity minima. In contrast, during obliquity maxima, Deep Western Boundary Currents were weaker and warmer, while abyssal nutrients were more abundant. These aspects reflect a more sluggish NCW formation. This obliquity-paced paleoceanographic regime is in excellent agreement with results from an Earth system model, in which obliquity minima configurations enhance NCW formation.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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