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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kommentare zu Daum, M. M., Greve, W., Pauen, S., Schuhrke, B. und Schwarzer, G. (2020). Positionspapier der Fachgruppe Entwicklungspsychologie: Ein Versuch einer Standortbestimmung
    Hogrefe Publishing Group ; 2020
    In:  Psychologische Rundschau Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 24-46
    Details
    In: Psychologische Rundschau, Hogrefe Publishing Group, Vol. 71, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 24-46
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-3042 , 2190-6238
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1026/0033-3042/a000466
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: German
    Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 205921-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2090991-3
    SSG: 2,1
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 2
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    A comparison of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporarily-associated with SARS-CoV-2 and Kawasaki disease
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-20)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-20)
    Abstract: The connection between Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) and Kawasaki Disease (KD) is not yet fully understood. Using the same national registry, clinical features and outcome of children hospitalized in Germany, and Innsbruck (Austria) were compared. Reported to the registry were 395 PIMS and 69 KD hospitalized patients. Patient age in PIMS cases was higher than in KD cases (median 7 [IQR 4–11] vs. 3 [IQR 1–4] years). A majority of both PIMS and KD patients were male and without comorbidities. PIMS patients more frequently presented with organ dysfunction, with the gastrointestinal (80%), cardiovascular (74%), and respiratory (52%) systems being most commonly affected. By contrast, KD patients more often displayed dermatological (99% vs. 68%) and mucosal changes (94% vs. 64%), plus cervical lymph node swelling (51% vs. 34%). Intensive care admission (48% vs. 19%), pulmonary support (32% vs. 10%), and use of inotropes/vasodilators (28% vs. 3%) were higher among PIMS cases. No patients died. Upon patient discharge, potentially irreversible sequelae—mainly cardiovascular—were reported (7% PIMS vs. 12% KD). Despite differences in age distribution and disease severity, PIMS and KD cases shared many common clinical and prognostic characteristics. This supports the hypothesis that the two entities represent a syndrome continuum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26832-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 3
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    On the Predation of Doliolids (Tunicata, Thaliacea) on calanoid Copepods
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-13), p. 1293-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-13), p. 1293-
    Abstract: The main goal of this contribution was to determine the effect of predation of the often abundant to dominant doliolid Dolioletta gegenbauri (Tunicata, Thaliacea) on the abundance of co-occurring planktonic copepods by feeding on their eggs. Previous oceanographic investigations revealed that doliolids had ingested eggs of small calanoid copepods. The ecological significance of such feeding could not be quantified completely because the environmental abundance of such eggs was not known. In this study, the eggs and nauplii of the neritic calanoid Paracalanus quasimodo (Crustacea, Copepoda) were offered to gonozooids and phorozooids of D. gegenbauri with a 6–6.5 mm length together with three species of phytoplankton; i.e., simulating diet conditions on the shelf. We hypothesized that copepod eggs of a similar size as food particles would be readily ingested whereas small nauplii, which could escape, would hardly be eaten by the doliolids. Our results revealed that doliolids have the potential to control small calanoids by ingesting their eggs at high rates but not their nauplii or later stages. Late copepodid stages and adults of co-occurring calanoid species could cause less mortality because they prey less on such eggs than doliolids of a similar weight. However, certain abundant omnivorous calanoid species with pronounced perception and/or capture abilities can prey successfully on the nauplii of small calanoids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10091293
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 4
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    Modelling airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at a local scale
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2022
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2022-8-30), p. e0273820-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2022-8-30), p. e0273820-
    Abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has changed our lives and still poses a challenge to science. Numerous studies have contributed to a better understanding of the pandemic. In particular, inhalation of aerosolised pathogens has been identified as essential for transmission. This information is crucial to slow the spread, but the individual likelihood of becoming infected in everyday situations remains uncertain. Mathematical models help estimate such risks. In this study, we propose how to model airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at a local scale. In this regard, we combine microscopic crowd simulation with a new model for disease transmission. Inspired by compartmental models, we describe virtual persons as infectious or susceptible. Infectious persons exhale pathogens bound to persistent aerosols, whereas susceptible ones absorb pathogens when moving through an aerosol cloud left by the infectious person. The transmission depends on the pathogen load of the aerosol cloud, which changes over time. We propose a ‘high risk’ benchmark scenario to distinguish critical from non-critical situations. A parameter study of a queue shows that the new model is suitable to evaluate the risk of exposure qualitatively and, thus, enables scientists or decision-makers to better assess the spread of COVID-19 and similar diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273820
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273820.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273820.g002
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273820.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273820.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273820.s002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273820.s003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 5
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    Toward learning dynamic origin-destination matrices from crowd density heatmaps
    IOP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment Vol. 2022, No. 5 ( 2022-05-01), p. 053401-
    Details
    In: Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, IOP Publishing, Vol. 2022, No. 5 ( 2022-05-01), p. 053401-
    Abstract: Knowing the origins and destinations of pedestrians’ paths is key to the initialization of crowd simulations. Unfortunately, they are difficult to measure in the real world. This is one major challenge for live predictions during events such as festivals, soccer games, protest marches, and many others. Sensor data can be used to feed real-world observations into simulations in real-time. As input data for this study, we use density heatmaps generated from real-world trajectory data obtained from stereo sensors. Density information is compact, of constant size, and in general easier to obtain than e.g., individual trajectories. Therefore, the information limitation improves the applicability to other scenarios. We include the absolute pedestrian trip counts from origins to destinations during a brief time interval in an OD matrix, including unknown destinations due to sensor errors. Our goal is to estimate these OD matrices from a series of density heatmaps for the same interval. For this, we compute the ground truth OD matrices and density heatmaps using real-world trajectory data from a train station. We employ linear regression as a statistical learning method for estimation. We observe that the linear share of the relationship between density and OD matrix is estimated successfully. Nevertheless, a portion of the data remains that cannot be explained. We attempt to overcome this difficulty with random forest as a nonlinear model. The results indicate that both a linear and a nonlinear model can estimate some features of the OD matrices. However, there is no clear winner in terms of the chosen metric, the R 2 score. Overall, our findings are a strong indicator that OD matrices can indeed be estimated from density heatmaps extracted automatically from sensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-5468
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/ac6255
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2138944-5
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  • 6
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    Bayesian inference methods to calibrate crowd dynamics models for safety applications
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Safety Science Vol. 147 ( 2022-03), p. 105586-
    Details
    In: Safety Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 147 ( 2022-03), p. 105586-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0925-7535
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105586
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021100-4
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  • 7
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    Dynamics of a Simulated Demonstration March: An Efficient Sensitivity Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-03-20), p. 3455-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-03-20), p. 3455-
    Abstract: Protest demonstrations are a manifestation of fundamental rights. Authorities are responsible for guiding protesters safely along predefined routes, typically set in an urban built environment. Microscopic crowd simulations support decision-makers in finding sustainable crowd management strategies. Planning routes usually requires knowledge about the length of the demonstration march. This case study quantifies the impact of two uncertain parameters, the number of protesters and the standard deviation of their free-flow speeds, on the length of a protest march through Kaiserslautern, Germany. Over 1000 participants walking through more than 100,000 m2 lead to a computationally demanding model that cannot be analyzed with a standard Monte Carlo ansatz. We select and apply analysis methods that are efficient for large topographies. This combination constitutes the main novelty of this paper: We compute Sobol’ indices with two different methods, based on polynomial chaos expansions, for a down-scaled version of the original set-up and compare them to Monte Carlo computations. We employ the more accurate of the approaches for the full-scale scenario. The global sensitivity analysis reveals a shift in the governing parameter from the number of protesters to the standard deviation of their free-flow speeds over time, stressing the benefits of a time-dependent analysis. We discuss typical actions, for example floats that reduce the variation of the free-flow speed, and their effectiveness in view of the findings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13063455
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
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    Sensitivity Analysis for Microscopic Crowd Simulation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Algorithms Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2020-07-05), p. 162-
    Details
    In: Algorithms, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2020-07-05), p. 162-
    Abstract: Microscopic crowd simulation can help to enhance the safety of pedestrians in situations that range from museum visits to music festivals. To obtain a useful prediction, the input parameters must be chosen carefully. In many cases, a lack of knowledge or limited measurement accuracy add uncertainty to the input. In addition, for meaningful parameter studies, we first need to identify the most influential parameters of our parametric computer models. The field of uncertainty quantification offers standardized and fully automatized methods that we believe to be beneficial for pedestrian dynamics. In addition, many methods come at a comparatively low cost, even for computationally expensive problems. This allows for their application to larger scenarios. We aim to identify and adapt fitting methods to microscopic crowd simulation in order to explore their potential in pedestrian dynamics. In this work, we first perform a variance-based sensitivity analysis using Sobol’ indices and then crosscheck the results by a derivative-based measure, the activity scores. We apply both methods to a typical scenario in crowd simulation, a bottleneck. Because constrictions can lead to high crowd densities and delays in evacuations, several experiments and simulation studies have been conducted for this setting. We show qualitative agreement between the results of both methods. Additionally, we identify a one-dimensional subspace in the input parameter space and discuss its impact on the simulation. Moreover, we analyze and interpret the sensitivity indices with respect to the bottleneck scenario.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4893
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/a13070162
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455149-1
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  • 9
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    Can we learn where people go?
    Forschungszentrum Julich, Zentralbibliothek ; 2020
    In:  Collective Dynamics Vol. 5 ( 2020-03-27)
    Details
    In: Collective Dynamics, Forschungszentrum Julich, Zentralbibliothek, Vol. 5 ( 2020-03-27)
    Abstract: In most agent-based simulators, pedestrians navigate from origins to destinations. Consequently, destinations are essential input parameters to the simulation. While many other relevant parameters as positions, speeds and densities can be obtained from sensors, like cameras, destinations cannot be observed directly. Our research question is: Can we obtain this information from video data using machine learning methods? We use density heatmaps, which indicate the pedestrian density within a given camera cutout, as input to predict the destination distributions. For our proof of concept, we train a Random Forest predictor on an exemplary data set generated with the Vadere microscopic simulator. The scenario is a crossroad where pedestrians can head left, straight or right. In addition, we gain first insights on suitable placement of the camera. The results motivate an in-depth analysis of the methodology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2366-8539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17815/CD.2020.43
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Forschungszentrum Julich, Zentralbibliothek
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2854776-7
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  • 10
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    Feeding of Marine Zooplankton on Microplastic Fibers
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Vol. 83, No. 2 ( 2022-08), p. 129-141
    Details
    In: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 83, No. 2 ( 2022-08), p. 129-141
    Abstract: The goal of our study was to examine the effects of low abundances of nylon fibers on feeding rates of calanoid copepods (Crustacea, Copepoda) and doliolids (Tunicata, Thaliacea) in the presence of diatoms at near environmental concentration levels. In addition, we examined microscopically the fecal pellets produced by copepods and doliolids in the presence of fibers. Adult females of the calanoid Eucalanus pileatus and early gonozooids of Dolioletta gegenbauri (both of similar dry weight) cleared the diatom Rhizosolenia alata at similar rates. Nylon fibers were cleared at higher rates by Dolioletta gegenbauri compared to Eucalanus pileatus . Examination of fecal pellets revealed that copepods and doliolids could ingest the about 300 µm long fibers. The latter also ingested the occasionally occurring fibers of  〉  1 mm length. It appears that in seawater fiber abundances of about seven fibers ml −1 did not have a negative effect on feeding of either E. pileatus or D. gegenbauri . As doliolids and copepods remove plastic fibers from seawater by packing them into their pellets, they might play a role in the reduction of microplastic pollution and the microplastic transfer from the water column to the seafloor. Calanoid copepods may limit ingesting fibers by not perceiving them, as compared to doliolids which do not seem to be able to avoid ingesting them.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-4341 , 1432-0703
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00948-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 185986-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458449-9
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