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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of synapsin I, a synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoprotein, in the maturation of nerve–muscle synapses was investigated in nerve–muscle co-cultures prepared from Xenopus embryos loaded with the protein by the early blastomere injection method. The stage of maturation of the synapses was analysed by electron microscopy as well as by whole-cell patch-clamp recording. The acceleration in the functional maturation of neuromuscular synapses induced by synapsin I was accompanied by a profound rearrangement in the ultrastructure of the nerve terminal. Nerve terminals formed by synapsin I-loaded neurons were characterized by a higher number of small synaptic vesicles organized in clusters and predominantly localized close to the nerve terminal plasma membrane, a smaller number of large dense-core vesicles and no significant change in the number of coated vesicles. Precocious development of active zone-like structures as well as deposition of basal lamina into the synaptic cleft were also observed at these synapses. These results support a role for synapsin I in the architectural changes which occur during synaptogenesis and lead to the maturation of quantal neurotransmitter release mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 374 (1995), S. 262-266 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Synaptic currents were monitored on single innervated myocytes by whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in 1-day-old nerve-muscle cultures prepared from Xenopus embryos16. We first examined the effects of the NO donor, S-nitroso-7V-acetyl-penicilamine (SNAP)17, on spontaneous synaptic currents ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were elicited in hippocampal slices of different ages by stimulating two independent Schaffer-commissural afferents converging on the same CA1 neurons12. Similar to previous observations8"10, the magnitude and longevity of theta-burst stimulation ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 75 (1997), S. 637-644 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ; trk receptor ; Long-term potentiation ; Glia-derived neurotrophic factor ; c-ret tyrosine kinase ; Dopaminergic neurons ; Kidney organogenesis ; Enteric nervous system ; Gene knockout ; Hirschsprung’s disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Neurotrophic factors are endogenous soluble proteins that regulate long-term survival and differentiation of neurons of the peripheral and central nervous systems. These factors play an important role in the structural integrity of the nervous system, and therefore are good candidates as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. However, recent studies have revealed some unexpected, novel roles of neurotrophic factors. Of particular significance is the discovery of the new functions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Physiological experiments indicate that BDNF may serve as regulatory factors for synaptic transmission as well as for learning and memory. Gene targeting studies demonstrate that GDNF may be essential for development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and kidney organogenesis. These results not only provide new insights into our understanding of the function of neurotrophic factors but may also have significant implications in the therapeutic usages of neurotrophic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 363 (1993), S. 76-79 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The effect of CGRP on spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) was examined in 1-day-old Xenopus nerve-muscle cultures5'6. Amplitude and decay time, but not rise time, exhibited sig nificant increases after CGRP treatment (Fig. 1; Table la). The effects of CGRP are readily seen in the histograms of SSC ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-04-18
    Description: IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 780: Air Pollution Forecasts: An Overview International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040780 Authors: Lu Bai Jianzhou Wang Xuejiao Ma Haiyan Lu Air pollution is defined as a phenomenon harmful to the ecological system and the normal conditions of human existence and development when some substances in the atmosphere exceed a certain concentration. In the face of increasingly serious environmental pollution problems, scholars have conducted a significant quantity of related research, and in those studies, the forecasting of air pollution has been of paramount importance. As a precaution, the air pollution forecast is the basis for taking effective pollution control measures, and accurate forecasting of air pollution has become an important task. Extensive research indicates that the methods of air pollution forecasting can be broadly divided into three classical categories: statistical forecasting methods, artificial intelligence methods, and numerical forecasting methods. More recently, some hybrid models have been proposed, which can improve the forecast accuracy. To provide a clear perspective on air pollution forecasting, this study reviews the theory and application of those forecasting models. In addition, based on a comparison of different forecasting methods, the advantages and disadvantages of some methods of forecasting are also provided. This study aims to provide an overview of air pollution forecasting methods for easy access and reference by researchers, which will be helpful in further studies.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-08-23
    Description: Background: Numerous pathological processes that affect liver function in patients with liver failure have been identified. Among them, hyperammonia is one of the most common phenomena.The purpose of this study was to determine whether hyperammonia could induced specific liver injury. Methods: Hyperammonemic cells were established using NH4Cl. The cells were assessed by MTT, ELISA, and flow cytometric analyses. The expression levels of selected genes and proteins were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses. Results: The effects of 20 mM NH4Cl pretreatment on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of primary hepatocytes and other cells were performed by MTT assays and flow cytometric analyses. Significant increasing in cytotoxicity and apoptosis were only observed in hepatocytes. The cell damage was reduced after adding BAPTA-AM but unchanged after adding EGTA. The expression levels of caspase-3, cytochrome C, calmodulin, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased and that of bcl-2 was reduced. The Na+-K+-ATPase activities in hyperammonia liver cells was no signiaficant difference compaired with the control group, but was decreased in astrocytes. NH4Cl pretreatment of primary hepatocytes promoted the activation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores and the mitochondria swelled irregularly. Conclusions: Hyperammonia induces specific liver injury through an intrinsic Ca2+-independent apoptosis pathway.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-230X
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-07-05
    Description: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering as well as being potential carriers for tumour therapy. However, the safety of using MSCs in tumours is unknown. Herein, we analyse malignant transformation of MSCs in the tumour microenvironment. Rat bone marrow MSCs were cultured with malignant rat glioma C6 cells without direct cell–cell contact. After 7 days, the cells were assessed for transformation using flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence and chromosomal analysis. In addition, wild-type (WT) p53, mutant p53 and mdm2 was determined using Western blotting. Almost all MSCs became phenotypically malignant cells, with significantly decreased WT p53 expression and increased expression of mutant p53 and mdm2, along with an aneuploid karyotype. To evaluate tumorigenesis in vivo , the MSCs indirect co-cultured with C6 cells for 7 days were transplanted subcutaneously into immuno-deficient mice. The cells developed into a large tumour at the injection site within 8 weeks, with systemic symptoms including cachexia and scoliosis. Pathological and cytological analysis revealed poorly differentiated pleomorphic cells with a dense vascular network and aggressive invasion into the adjacent muscle. These data demonstrate that MSCs became malignant cancer cells when exposed to the tumour microenvironment and suggest that factors released from the cancer cells have a critical role in the malignant transformation of MSCs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-04-09
    Description: Background: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has become an important public health concern because of the high incidence and mortality rates, and limited treatment and vaccination. Until now, clinical studies on characteristics and outcomes in critical patients with HFRS have been limited. The aim of this study was to observe the clinical characteristics and cumulative proportions surviving and explore the predictive effects and risk factors for prognosis. Methods: A detailed retrospective analysis of clinical records for critical HFRS patients was conducted. The patients enrolled were treated in the centre for infectious diseases, Tangdu Hospital, between January 2008 and August 2012. The clinical characteristics between the survivors and non-survivors were compared by Student's t-test or Chi-square test. The risk clinical factors for prognosis were explored by logistic regression analysis. The predictive effects of prognosis in clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The cumulative proportions surviving at certain intervals in the critical patients were observed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: Of the 75 patients enrolled, the cumulative proportion surviving was 70.7% at the second week interval, with a 28-day mortality rate of 36.3%. The non-survivors tended to have higher frequencies of agitation, dyspnea, conjunctival hemorrhage, coma, cardiac failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and encephalopathy (P 〈 .05). ARDS, conjunctival hemorrhage and coma were risk factors for death in the critical patients with HFRS. The non-survivors were found to have lower serum creatinine (Scr) levels (P 〈 .001) and higher incidences of prolonged prothrombin time (PT) (P = .006), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P = .003) and elevated white blood cells (WBC) levels (P = .005), and the laboratory parameters mentioned above reached statistical significance for predicting prognosis (P 〈 .05). Conclusion: The high fatality in critical patients with HFRS underscores the importance of clinicians' alertness to the occurrence of potentially fatal complications and changes in biochemical status to ensure that timely and systematically supportive treatment can be initiated when necessary.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-02-26
    Description: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem worldwide. The covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome, which serves as the template for the transcription of viral RNAs, plays a key role in viral persistence. While accumulating evidence suggests that cccDNA transcription is regulated by epigenetic machinery, particularly the acetylation of cccDNA-bound histone 3 (H3) and H4, the potential contributions of histone methylation and related host factors remain obscured. Here, by screening a series of methyltransferases and demethylases, we identified protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as an effective restrictor of HBV transcription and replication. In the cell culture-based models for HBV infection and the liver tissues of patients with chronic HBV infection, we found that symmetric dimethylation of arginine 3 on H4 (H4R3me2s) on cccDNAwas a repressive marker of cccDNA transcription and was regulated by PRMT5 depending on its methyltransferase domain. Moreover, PRMT5-triggered H4R3me2s on the cccDNA minichromosome involved an interaction with the HBV core protein and the Brg1-based hSWI/SNF chromatin remodeler, which resulted in the downregulation of the binding of RNA Pol II to cccDNA. In addition to the inhibitory effect on cccDNA transcription, PRMT5 inhibited HBV core particle DNA production independent of its methyltransferase activity. Further study revealed that PRMT5 interfered with pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA) encapsidation by preventing its interaction with viral polymerase protein through binding to the RT-RH region of polymerase which is crucial for the polymerase-pgRNA interaction. Conclusion : PRMT5 restricts HBV replication via two-part mechanisms including epigenetic suppression of cccDNA transcription and interference with pgRNA encapsidation. These findings improve the understanding of epigenetic regulation of HBV transcription and host-HBV interaction, thus provide new insights into targeted therapeutic intervention. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
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