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  • Articles  (219)
  • 2010-2014  (219)
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  • Articles  (219)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Experimental research on behavior of 460 MPa high strength steel I-section columns under cyclic loading (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: To investigate the seismic behavior of I-section columns made of 460 MPa high strength steel (HSS), six specimens were tested under constant axial load and cyclic horizontal load. The specimens were designed with different width-to-thickness ratios and loaded under different axial load ratios. For each specimen, the failure mode was observed and hysteretic curve was measured. Comparison of different specimens on hysteretic characteristic, energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity were further investigated. Test results showed that the degradation of bearing capacity was due to local buckling of flange and web. Under the same axial load ratio, as width-to-thickness ratio increased, the deformation area of local buckling became smaller. And also, displacement level at both peak load and failure load became smaller. In addition, the full extent of hysteretic curve, energy dissipation capacity, ultimate story drift angle decreased, and capacity degradation occurred more rapidly with the increase of width-to-thickness ratio or axial load ratio. Based on the capacity of story drift angle, limiting values which shall not be exceeded are suggested respectively for flange and web plate of 460 MPa HSS I-section columns when used in SMFs and in IMFs in the case of axial load ratio no more than 0.2. Such values should be smaller when the axial load ratio increases.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 2
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    Simulation of large-scale numerical substructure in real-time dynamic hybrid testing (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: A solution scheme is proposed in this paper for an existing RTDHT system to simulate large-scale finite element (FE) numerical substructures. The analysis of the FE numerical substructure is split into response analysis and signal generation tasks, and executed in two different target computers in real-time. One target computer implements the response analysis task, wherein a large time-step is used to solve the FE substructure, and another target computer implements the signal generation task, wherein an interpolation program is used to generate control signals in a small time-step to meet the input demand of the controller. By using this strategy, the scale of the FE numerical substructure simulation may be increased significantly. The proposed scheme is initially verified by two FE numerical substructure models with 98 and 1240 degrees of freedom (DOFs). Thereafter, RTDHTs of a single frame-foundation structure are implemented where the foundation, considered as the numerical substructure, is simulated by the FE model with 1240 DOFs. Good agreements between the results of the RTDHT and those from the FE analysis in ABAQUS are obtained.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 3
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    Vector-intensity measure based seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: This paper presents a method for seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures based on vector-valued intensity measure (vIM), which predicts the limit-state capacities efficiently with multi-intensity measures of seismic event. Accounting for the uncertainties of the bridge model, ten single-bent overpass bridge structures are taken as samples statistically using Latin hypercube sampling approach. 200 earthquake records are chosen randomly for the uncertainties of ground motions according to the site condition of the bridges. The uncertainties of structural capacity and seismic demand are evaluated with the ratios of demand to capacity in different damage state. By comparing the relative importance of different intensity measures, S a ( T 1 ) and S a ( T 2 ) are chosen as vIM. Then, the vector-valued fragility functions of different bridge components are developed. Finally, the system-level vulnerability of the bridge based on vIM is studied with Dunnett-Sobel class correlation matrix which can consider the correlation effects of different bridge components. The study indicates that an increment IMs from a scalar IM to vIM results in a significant reduction in the dispersion of fragility functions and in the uncertainties in evaluating earthquake risk. The feasibility and validity of the proposed vulnerability analysis method is validated and the bridge is more vulnerable than any components.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 4
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    Seismic performance and comparison of three different I beam to box column joints (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Despite the inherently advantages of the box column, finding the best option for the I beam to the box column connection is the main challenge in using the box column as a structural member for special moment frames. In this paper, the seismic performance of unreinforced connection, weakened connection and strengthened connection was evaluated through a comprehensive experimental program. The seismic comparisons were fabricated by assessing the strength, ductility and energy dissipation in each configuration. Three full scale tests with several connections were carried out. All the specimens were subjected to cyclic loading and prior to failure by forming a plastic hinge in the beam, all the connections managed to reach an inelastic rotation of more than 6.0% rad. The experimental and analytical results showed that the seismic performance of the strengthened connection with flange and shear plates turned out to be the most effective in the beam to the box column connection. Moreover, the normalized stress distribution of the continuity plates revealed that the possibility of the weld fracture in unreinforced connection is more than other specimens.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 5
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    Antiplane response of two scalene triangular hills and a semi-cylindrical canyon by incident SH-waves (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Antiplane response of two scalene triangular hills and a semi-cylindrical canyon by SH-waves is studied using wave function expansion and complex function method. Firstly, the analytical model is divided into three parts, and the displacement solutions of wave fields are constructed based on boundary conditions in the three regions. Three domains are then conjoined to satisfy the “conjunction” condition at shared boundary. In addition, combined with the zero-stress condition of semi-cylindrical canyon, a series of infinite algebraic equations for the problem are derived. Finally, numerical examples are provided and the influence of different parameters on ground motion is discussed.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 6
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    A European digital accelerometric database: statistical analysis of engineering parameters of small to moderate magnitude events (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: During the NERIES Project, an accelerometric database containing European digital information was developed. Besides event and station metadata, ground motion parameters, computed in a homogeneous manner, were assembled: PGA, PGV, AI, TD, CAV, HI and PSV( f ,5%) (19,961 components, 2629 events, 547 stations). Merging small and moderate magnitude events produced a unique database capable of providing important information such as: (i) Correlations between several ground motion parameters follow analogous trends as in previous worldwide datasets, with slight corrections. (ii) Although PGA attenuations with distance show great uncertainties, four recent GMPEs recommended for Europe fit quite well the central 50% data interval for the distance range 10 〈 R 〈 200 km; outside these distances, they do not fit. (iii) Soil amplification ratios indicate that weak motion (low magnitudes and larger distances) shows larger amplification than strong motion (short distances and large magnitudes) as represented in UBC97 for the USA, but not in EC8 for Europe. (iv) Average spectral shapes are smaller than in the EC8. (v) Differences in amplification factors for PGA, PGV and HI for EC8 soil classes B and C, and differences in spectral shapes for these soil classes, indicate that EC8, Type 2 S-coefficient should be frequency dependent, as in UBC97.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 7
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    Simplified design method for shear-valve magnetorheological dampers (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Based on the Bingham parallel-plate model, a simplified design method of shear-valve magnetorheological (MR) dampers is proposed considering the magnetic circuit optimization. Correspondingly, a new MR damper with a full-length effective damping path is proposed. The prototype dampers are also fabricated and studied numerically and experimentally. According to the test results, the Bingham parallel-plate model is further modified to obtain a damping force prediction model of the proposed MR dampers. This prediction model considers the magnetic saturation phenomenon. The study indicates that the proposed simplified design method is simple, effective and reliable. The maximum damping force of the proposed MR dampers with a full-length effective damping path is at least twice as large as those of conventional MR dampers. The dynamic range of damping force increases by at least 70%. The proposed damping force prediction model considers the magnetic saturation phenomenon and it can realize the actual characteristic of MR fluids. The model is able to predict the actual damping force of MR dampers precisely.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 8
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    Response of a pile group behind quay wall to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading: a shake-table investigation (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: The response of pile foundations near a quay wall under liquefaction-induced lateral spreading remains a complex problem. This study presents the results of a shake-table test on a 2×2 pile group behind a sheet-pile quay wall that was subjected to lateral spreading. The quay wall was employed to trigger liquefaction-induced large lateral ground deformation. The discussions focus on the behavior of the pile and the soil and on the bending moment distributions within the group pile and the restoring force characteristics at the superstructure. Overall, the piles exhibited apparent pinning effects that reduced soil deformation. In addition, the rear-row piles near the quay wall experienced larger bending moments than did the front-row piles, indicating significant pile group effects. The tests showed that lateral spreading could be a primary cause of larger monotonic deformations and bending moments. It can also be concluded that the monotonic bending moments were significantly decreased due to the presence of slow soil flow. The stiffness at the superstructure was reduced because of accumulated excess pore pressure before liquefaction, and it was recovered during lateral spreading. The present study further enhances current understanding of the behavior of low-cap pile foundations under lateral spreading.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 9
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    Consecutive combined response spectrum (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Appropriate estimates of earthquake response spectrum are essential for design of new structures, or seismic safety evaluation of existing structures. This paper presents an alternative procedure to construct design spectrum from a combined normalized response spectrum (NRS C ) which is obtained from pseudo-velocity spectrum with the ordinate scaled by different peak ground amplitudes (PGA, PGV, PGD) in different period regions. And a consecutive function f ( T ) used to normalize the ordinates is defined. Based on a comprehensive study of 220 strong ground motions recorded during recent eleven large worldwide earthquakes, the features of the NRS C are discussed and compared with the traditional normalized acceleration, velocity and displacement response spectra (NRS A , NRS V , NRS D ). And the relationships between ground amplitudes are evaluated by using a weighted mean method instead of the arithmetic mean. Then the NRS C is used to define the design spectrum with given peak ground amplitudes. At last, the smooth spectrum is compared with those derived by the former approaches, and the accuracy of the proposed spectrum is tested through an analysis of the dispersion of ground motion response spectra.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 10
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    Suboptimal Rayleigh damping coefficients in seismic analysis of viscously-damped structures (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: An optimization method for the consistent evaluation of two Rayleigh damping coefficients is proposed. By minimizing an objective function such as an error term of the peak displacement of a structure, the two coefficients can be determined with response spectral analysis. The optimization method degenerates into the conventional method used in current practices when only two modes of vibration are included in the objective function. Therefore, the proposed method with all significant modes included for simplicity in practical applications results in suboptimal damping coefficients. The effects of both spatial distribution and frequency content of excitations as well as structural dynamic characteristics on the evaluation of Rayleigh damping coefficients were investigated with a five-story building structure. Two application examples with a 62-story high-rise building and a 840 m long cable-stayed bridge under ten earthquake excitations demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method to account for all of the above effects.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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