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  • 2010-2014  (219)
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  • 1
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    A European digital accelerometric database: statistical analysis of engineering parameters of small to moderate magnitude events (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: During the NERIES Project, an accelerometric database containing European digital information was developed. Besides event and station metadata, ground motion parameters, computed in a homogeneous manner, were assembled: PGA, PGV, AI, TD, CAV, HI and PSV( f ,5%) (19,961 components, 2629 events, 547 stations). Merging small and moderate magnitude events produced a unique database capable of providing important information such as: (i) Correlations between several ground motion parameters follow analogous trends as in previous worldwide datasets, with slight corrections. (ii) Although PGA attenuations with distance show great uncertainties, four recent GMPEs recommended for Europe fit quite well the central 50% data interval for the distance range 10 〈 R 〈 200 km; outside these distances, they do not fit. (iii) Soil amplification ratios indicate that weak motion (low magnitudes and larger distances) shows larger amplification than strong motion (short distances and large magnitudes) as represented in UBC97 for the USA, but not in EC8 for Europe. (iv) Average spectral shapes are smaller than in the EC8. (v) Differences in amplification factors for PGA, PGV and HI for EC8 soil classes B and C, and differences in spectral shapes for these soil classes, indicate that EC8, Type 2 S-coefficient should be frequency dependent, as in UBC97.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 2
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    Simulation of large-scale numerical substructure in real-time dynamic hybrid testing (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: A solution scheme is proposed in this paper for an existing RTDHT system to simulate large-scale finite element (FE) numerical substructures. The analysis of the FE numerical substructure is split into response analysis and signal generation tasks, and executed in two different target computers in real-time. One target computer implements the response analysis task, wherein a large time-step is used to solve the FE substructure, and another target computer implements the signal generation task, wherein an interpolation program is used to generate control signals in a small time-step to meet the input demand of the controller. By using this strategy, the scale of the FE numerical substructure simulation may be increased significantly. The proposed scheme is initially verified by two FE numerical substructure models with 98 and 1240 degrees of freedom (DOFs). Thereafter, RTDHTs of a single frame-foundation structure are implemented where the foundation, considered as the numerical substructure, is simulated by the FE model with 1240 DOFs. Good agreements between the results of the RTDHT and those from the FE analysis in ABAQUS are obtained.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 3
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    Dynamic analysis of slab track on multi-layered transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to train loads (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: The dynamic responses of a slab track on transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to moving train loads are investigated by a semi-analytical approach. The track model is described as an upper Euler beam to simulate the rails and a lower Euler beam to model the slab. Rail pads between the rails and slab are represented by a continuous layer of springs and dashpots. A series of point loads are formulated to describe the moving train loads. The governing equations of track-ground systems are solved using the double Fourier transform, and the dynamic responses in the time domain are obtained by the inverse Fourier transform. The results show that a train load with high velocity will generate a larger response in transversely isotropic saturated soil than the lower velocity load, and special attention should be paid on the pore pressure in the vicinity of the ground surface. The anisotropic parameters of a surface soil layer will have greater influence on the displacement and excess pore water pressure than those of the subsoil layer. The traditional design method taking ground soil as homogeneous isotropic soil is unsafe for the case of RE 〈 1 and RG 〈 1, so a transversely isotropic foundation model is of great significance to the design for high train velocities.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 4
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    Experimental validation of a signal-based approach for structural earthquake damage detection using fractal dimension of time frequency feature (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: This article extends a signal-based approach formerly proposed by the authors, which utilizes the fractal dimension of time frequency feature (FDTFF) of displacements, for earthquake damage detection of moment resist frame (MRF), and validates the approach with shaking table tests. The time frequency feature (TFF) of the relative displacement at measured story is defined as the real part of the coefficients of the analytical wavelet transform. The fractal dimension (FD) is to quantify the TFF within the fundamental frequency band using box counting method. It is verified that the FDTFFs at all stories of the linear MRF are identical with the help of static condensation method and modal superposition principle, while the FDTFFs at the stories with localized nonlinearities due to damage will be different from those at the stories without nonlinearities using the reverse-path methodology. By comparing the FDTFFs of displacements at measured stories in a structure, the damage-induced nonlinearity of the structure under strong ground motion can be detected and localized. Finally shaking table experiments on a 1:8 scale sixteen-story three-bay steel MRF with added frictional dampers, which generate local nonlinearities, are conducted to validate the approach.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 5
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    Pushover analysis of asymmetric-plan buildings based on distribution of the combined modal story shear and torsional moment (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: A pushover procedure with a load pattern based on the height-wise distribution of the combined modal story shear and torsional moment is proposed to estimate the seismic response of 3D asymmetric-plan building frames. Contribution of the higher modes and torsional response of asymmetric-plan buildings are incorporated into the proposed load pattern. The proposed pushover method is a single-run procedure, which enables tracing the nonlinear response of the structure during the analysis and averts the elusiveness of conducting multiple pushover analyses. The proposed method has been used to estimate the response of two moment-resisting building frames with 9 and 20 stories. The obtained results indicate the appropriate accuracy and efficiency of the proposed procedure in estimating the trend of the drift profiles of the structures resulted from nonlinear time history analyses.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 6
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    Seismic performance and comparison of three different I beam to box column joints (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Despite the inherently advantages of the box column, finding the best option for the I beam to the box column connection is the main challenge in using the box column as a structural member for special moment frames. In this paper, the seismic performance of unreinforced connection, weakened connection and strengthened connection was evaluated through a comprehensive experimental program. The seismic comparisons were fabricated by assessing the strength, ductility and energy dissipation in each configuration. Three full scale tests with several connections were carried out. All the specimens were subjected to cyclic loading and prior to failure by forming a plastic hinge in the beam, all the connections managed to reach an inelastic rotation of more than 6.0% rad. The experimental and analytical results showed that the seismic performance of the strengthened connection with flange and shear plates turned out to be the most effective in the beam to the box column connection. Moreover, the normalized stress distribution of the continuity plates revealed that the possibility of the weld fracture in unreinforced connection is more than other specimens.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 7
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    Antiplane response of two scalene triangular hills and a semi-cylindrical canyon by incident SH-waves (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Antiplane response of two scalene triangular hills and a semi-cylindrical canyon by SH-waves is studied using wave function expansion and complex function method. Firstly, the analytical model is divided into three parts, and the displacement solutions of wave fields are constructed based on boundary conditions in the three regions. Three domains are then conjoined to satisfy the “conjunction” condition at shared boundary. In addition, combined with the zero-stress condition of semi-cylindrical canyon, a series of infinite algebraic equations for the problem are derived. Finally, numerical examples are provided and the influence of different parameters on ground motion is discussed.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 8
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    Collapse period of degrading SDOF systems (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: Seismic demand estimation for a structure is a critical issue for seismic performance assessment so that the potential damage can be estimated realistically. Many researchers proposed simplified methods to estimate the demand of a structure under strong ground motions. However, most of them did not consider degradation and collapse potential of the structures. Even some of theme considered the degradation effect, stiffness and strength degradation effects were considered separately without collapse potential caused by dynamic instability. In this study, collapse potential of SDOF systems caused by dynamic instability with stiffness and strength degradation has been investigated. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed, using an energy-based, strength and stiffness degraded hysteretic model that considers the collapse potential, with 160 earthquake acceleration time histories. An equation was proposed for the estimation of collapse period of SDOF systems as a function of certain strength reduction factor, ductility level and post-capping stiffness ratio. Finally, effects of parameters of the considered hysteretic model and local site conditions on the collapse period were investigated.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 9
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    Experimental research on behavior of 460 MPa high strength steel I-section columns under cyclic loading (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: To investigate the seismic behavior of I-section columns made of 460 MPa high strength steel (HSS), six specimens were tested under constant axial load and cyclic horizontal load. The specimens were designed with different width-to-thickness ratios and loaded under different axial load ratios. For each specimen, the failure mode was observed and hysteretic curve was measured. Comparison of different specimens on hysteretic characteristic, energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity were further investigated. Test results showed that the degradation of bearing capacity was due to local buckling of flange and web. Under the same axial load ratio, as width-to-thickness ratio increased, the deformation area of local buckling became smaller. And also, displacement level at both peak load and failure load became smaller. In addition, the full extent of hysteretic curve, energy dissipation capacity, ultimate story drift angle decreased, and capacity degradation occurred more rapidly with the increase of width-to-thickness ratio or axial load ratio. Based on the capacity of story drift angle, limiting values which shall not be exceeded are suggested respectively for flange and web plate of 460 MPa HSS I-section columns when used in SMFs and in IMFs in the case of axial load ratio no more than 0.2. Such values should be smaller when the axial load ratio increases.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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  • 10
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    Response of a pile group behind quay wall to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading: a shake-table investigation (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Description: The response of pile foundations near a quay wall under liquefaction-induced lateral spreading remains a complex problem. This study presents the results of a shake-table test on a 2×2 pile group behind a sheet-pile quay wall that was subjected to lateral spreading. The quay wall was employed to trigger liquefaction-induced large lateral ground deformation. The discussions focus on the behavior of the pile and the soil and on the bending moment distributions within the group pile and the restoring force characteristics at the superstructure. Overall, the piles exhibited apparent pinning effects that reduced soil deformation. In addition, the rear-row piles near the quay wall experienced larger bending moments than did the front-row piles, indicating significant pile group effects. The tests showed that lateral spreading could be a primary cause of larger monotonic deformations and bending moments. It can also be concluded that the monotonic bending moments were significantly decreased due to the presence of slow soil flow. The stiffness at the superstructure was reduced because of accumulated excess pore pressure before liquefaction, and it was recovered during lateral spreading. The present study further enhances current understanding of the behavior of low-cap pile foundations under lateral spreading.
    Print ISSN: 1671-3664
    Electronic ISSN: 1993-503X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer on behalf of The Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), China Earthquake Administration.
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