Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Workshop Participants -- Foreword -- Section I: Data and Computer Facilities -- Chapter 1. Climatic Data and Data Bases at Järdraȧs Ecological Research Station -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and methods -- Results and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 2. Evapotranspiration Measurements in Järdraȧs, Instrumentation, Data Gathering and Processing -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and methods -- Results -- Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Storage, Retrieval and Analysis of Continuously Recorded Ecosystem Data -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Analysis programs -- File format in ECODATA -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 4. SIMP - Interactive Mini-Computer Package for Simulating Dynamic and Static Models -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Coding the model into SIMP -- Standard SIMP programs and disc files -- Coupling between SIMP and ECODATA -- Super-programs -- Discussion and conclusion -- References -- Section II: Atmospheric Exchange and Radiation Models -- Chapter 5. MICROWEATHER Simulation Model, Applied to a Forest -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Model outline -- Inputs -- Methods -- Submodels -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 6. Model for Energy Exchange of a Pine Forest Canopy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Structure of the model -- Radiation interception -- Latent and sensible heat exchange -- Precipitation interception -- Driving variables -- Computational aspects -- Application -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 7. Simulating the Quality and Quantity of Short-Wave Radiation Within and Above Canopies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Model concept -- Program structure and basic input data -- Discussion of program tests and of model performance. , Case studies -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8. Physical Model to Simulate Energy Exchange of Plant Canopies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Schematic description and fundamentals of the model -- Submodels and basic equations -- Some results -- Conclusions -- References -- Section III: Soil Water and Interception Models -- Chapter 9. Simulation of Water State and Flow in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System by a Model Named HEJMDAL -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the model -- Validation -- Application -- Modification of HEJMDAL for Jädraȧs -- References -- Chapter 10. Model for the Water Regime of Forests and Meadow -- Abstract -- List of symbols -- Objective -- Model description -- Model parameters and estimation -- First adaptations of the model and estimation results -- Adaption of the model for Jädraȧs -- Future prospects -- References -- Chapter 11. Model for Annual Water and Energy Flow in a Layered Soil -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Structure of the model -- Heat flux in soil -- Water flux in soil -- Water uptake by roots -- Interception of water -- Snow dynamics -- Driving variables -- Computational aspects -- Application of the model -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 12. Model ETFOREST for Calculating Actual Evapotranspiration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Description of the model -- Adjustment of the model to the forest stand at Jädraȧs -- Results -- References -- Chapter 13. SIM5T/12 - a Model of Forest Transpiration and Interception, Using Data from an Automatic Weather Station -- Abstract -- List of symbols -- Introduction -- Objectives of the model -- Type of output and verification of model performance -- The classification of the model -- The range and application of the model -- The model equations -- The model parameters -- The input variables needed for simulation -- Computing details. , Future prospects and developments -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Section IV: Comparison of Models -- Chapter 14. Comparison of Radiation Models -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15. Comparison of Energy Exchange Models -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Results -- Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16. Comparison of Interception Models -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material -- Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17. Model Comparison to Estimate Consumptive Use -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18. Discrepancy between Energy and Water Balance Estimates of Evapotranspiration -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The energy balance method -- The water balance method -- Results and discussion -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19. Conclusions of the Workshop.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Instrumental Analysis of Foods: Recent Progress -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Volume 1 -- CHAPTER 1. FOOD SAFETY: INTERFACE BETWEEN LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYTICAL POSSIBILITIES -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF CARBONATES AND BICARBONATES IN BOTTLED WATERS BY AUTOTITRALIZER -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. RAPID ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC MATTERS IN BOTTLED WATER BY INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- CHAPTER 4. APPLICATION OF DIRECT MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR RAPID ANALYSIS OF ORGANICS IN WATER BEVERAGES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. FORMATION OF POUCHONG TEA AROMA DURING WITHERING PROCESS -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXPERIMENTAL -- III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- IV. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6. WATER SORPTION OF COFFEE SOLUBLES BY INVERSE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY -- I . ABSTRACT -- II. INTRODUCTION -- III. LITERATURE REVIEW -- IV. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES -- VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 7. CHEMICAL STUDIES ON TROPICAL FRUITS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXPERIMENTAL -- III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- IV. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8. VOLATILE COMPONENTS MODIFICATIONS DURING HEAT TREATMENT OF FRUIT JUICES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXPERIMENTAL -- III. RESULTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING AQUEOUS CITRUS ESSENCES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL METHODS -- III. LIMITATIONS -- IV. MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROFLUOROMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ORANGE JUICES AND RELATED PRODUCTS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ORANGE JUICE -- III. WATER EXTRACTION OF SOLUBLE ORANGE SOLIDS -- IV. ORANGE JUICE ADDITIVES -- V. ORANGE DRINKS. , REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 11. FLAVOR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENTS OF ORANGE BLOSSOM CITRUS AURANTIUM -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12. APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS TO CAPILLARY GC PROFILES: COMPARISON OF THE VOLATILE FRACTION IN PROCESSED ORANGE JUICES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXPERIMENTAL -- III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- IV. CONCLUSIONS -- V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- VI. REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 13. QUANTITATIVE HEADSPACE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS IN EQUILIBRIUM WITH ORANGE JUICE -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXPERIMENTAL -- III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. EXTRUSION COOKING OF HIGH VISCOSITY THIN BOILING AND THICK BOILING STARCHES IN A NEW DOUBLE EXTRUSION PROCESS -- INTRODUCTION -- THIN AND THICK BOILING STARCHES -- EXTRUSION COOKING OF HIGH VISCOSITY, THICK AND THIN BOILING STARCHES -- DRUM DRIED PREGELATINIZED STARCHES AS COMPARED TO EXTRUSION COOKED PREGELATINIZED STARCHES -- CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 15. MICROSTRUCTURE OF PROTEIN GELS IN RELATION TO THEIR RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN PROTEIN CURDS AND THEIR MICROSTRUCTURE -- III. GELS FROM WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATES -- IV. DISCUSSION ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN GELS AND THEIR MICROSTRUCTURE, BASED ON THEIR MOLECULAR BEHAVIOR -- V. SOME PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WITH THE OBSERVATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE THOUGH SEM -- VI. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16. THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERACTION OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES WITH MILK PROTEINS ON THE RHEOLOGY AND STABILITY OF FOOD EMULSIONS. -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results -- Discussion -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. ANALYSIS OF DRIED MILK AND CHEESE POWDERS BY NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY -- I. ABSTRACT -- II. INTRODUCTION -- III. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. , ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 18. BOVINE, CAPRINE, AND HUMAN MILK XANTHINE OXIDASES: ISOLATION, PURIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION -- INTRODUCTION -- I. BOVINE MILK XANTHINE OXIDASE -- II. CAPRINE MILK XANTHINE OXIDASE -- III. HUMAN MILK XANTHINE OXIDASE -- IV. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 19. INTRODUCTION TO WINES AND SPIRITS SECTION -- CHAPTER 20. GLASS CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY IN THE WINE AND SPIRIT INDUSTRY -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS -- III. NON-VOLATILE COMPOUNDS -- IV. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 21. INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND VANADIUM IN GREEK WINES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXPERIMENTAL -- III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- IV. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 22. APPLICATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES I N THE DIFFERENTIATION OF WINES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- II. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- IV. CONCLUSION -- V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- VI. REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 23. A STUDY OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND FRUIT MATURITY AS AN APPROACH FOR OBTAINING THE ANALYTICAL PROFILES OF WINES AND WINE GRAPES -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 24. ANALYSIS OF THE FLAVORS IN AGED SAKE -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. FLAVORS OF AGED SAKE -- III. AN OFF-FLAVOR COMPOUND, DIMETHYL SULFIDE , IN SAKE BREWED WITH OLD RICE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 25. THE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE PHENOLS IN RUM AND BRANDY BY GC AND LC -- I . INTRODUCTION -- II. EXPERIMENTAL -- III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- IV CONCLUSION -- References -- CHAPTER 26. APPLICATION OF GC AND HPLC IN THE PREDICTIVE QUALITY EVALUATION OF WINES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES -- III. PREDICTIVE EVALUATION OF WINES QUALITY -- IV. CONCLUSION. , V. REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 27. CAPILLARY-CHROMATOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS ON VARIOUS GRAPE VARIETIES -- References -- CHAPTER 28. DIMETHYL DICARBONATE AS A BEVERAGE PRESERVATIVE -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. GENERAL DISCUSSION -- III. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 29. CONTAMINATION ASSESSMENT OF COFFEE SEEDS AFTER ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY CONTENTS - A CASE STUDY -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. MATERIAL AND METHODS -- III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- IV. SUMMARY -- V. REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 30. ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION IN MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY PARAMETERS IN CEREALS AND THEIR PRODUCTS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. WHEAT QUALITY FACTORS -- III. ASSESSMENT OF GLUTEN STRENGTH -- IV. ASSESSMENT OF STARCH BEHAVIOR - ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY -- V. INSTRUMENTAL METHODS FOR PREDICTION OF BREAD QUALITY -- VI. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 31. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF LEAD AND CADMIUM IN SODIUM CHLORIDE BY SOME TECHNIQUES OF ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 32. EFFECTS OF STORAGE DURATION OF FRESH ASPARAGUS ON THE QUALITY OF THE RESULTING CANNED PRODUCT -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- Part I -- Part II -- References.

Anmerkung: Intro -- A. POSTMORTEM OF AN EXAMPLE -- 1. The stages of decision-making -- 2. The aim of graphics: a higher level of information -- 2.1 Useful information -- 2.2 Information levels -- 2.3 Measurement of useless constructions -- 3. The three successive forms of graphic application -- 3.1 The matrix analysis of a problem -- 3.2 Graphic information-processing -- 3.3 Graphic communication -- 3.4 Outline of work -- B. GRAPHIC CONSTRUCTIONS -- 1. A "synoptic" of graphic constructions -- 2. Permutation matrices -- 2.1 The reorderable matrix -- 2.2 The weighted matrix -- 2.3 The image-file -- 2.4 The matrix-file -- 2.5 The array of curves -- 3. Ordered tables -- 3.1 Tables with 1, 2 or 3 characteristics -- 3.2 Superimpositions and collections of tables -- 4. Reorderable networks -- 5. Ordered networks: topography and cartography -- 5.1 Information provided by a map -- 5.2 The base map -- 5.3 Cartography with one ordered characteristic -- 5.4 Cartography with several characteristics -- C. THE GRAPHIC SIGN SYSTEM (A Semiological Approach to Graphics) -- 1. Specificity of graphics -- 2. The bases of graphics -- 3. Variables of the image: the plane, size and value -- 4. Differential variables -- 5. The law of visibility -- 6. Summary -- D. THE MATRIX ANALYSIS OF A PROBLEM AND THE CONCEPTION OF A DATA TABLE -- 1. The apportionment table -- 2. The homogeneity schema -- 3. The pertinency table -- 4. Applications of matrix analysis -- CONCLUSION.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Lipids: Structure and Function -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- General Preface -- Preface to Volume 4 -- Chapter 1. Plant Acyl Lipids: Structure, Distribution, and Analysis -- I. Introduction -- II. Plant Fatty Acids -- III. Complex Acyl Lipids -- IV. Distribution of Acyl Lipids -- V. Age-Related Changes in the Lipid Composition of Plant Tissues -- VI. Methods for Lipid Analysis -- References -- Chapter 2. Membrane Lipids: Structure and Function -- I. Introduction -- II. Membrane Structure -- III. Lipid Dependency of Purified Membrane Proteins -- IV. Temperature Effects on Lipid Structure and Membrane Function -- V. Membrane Structure and Phytochrome Action -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Degradation of Acyl Lipids: Hydrolytic and Oxidative Enzymes -- I. Lipolytic Enzymes -- II. Oxidative Enzymes -- References -- Chapter 4. The Role of the Glyoxylate Cycle -- I. Introduction: The Problem Posed by the Conversion of Fat to Carbohydrate -- II. Elucidation of the Glyoxylate Cycle -- III. Enzymes of the Glyoxylate Cycle in Plants -- IV. Experiments with Labeled Acetate: Confirmation of the Pathway -- V. Compartmentation of the Glyoxylate Cycle: The Glyoxysome -- References -- Chapter 5. Lipoxygenases -- I. Introduction -- II. Distribution of Lipoxygenases -- III. Characterization of Lipoxygenases -- IV. Assay Methods -- V. Mechanism of Lipoxygenase Reactions -- VI. Enzymatic Conversions of Lipoxygenase Products -- VII. Nonenzymatic Reactions of Hydroperoxides -- VIII. Physiological Aspects of Lipoxygenase -- References -- Chapter 6. Biosynthesis of Ethylene -- I. Introduction -- II. Olefin-Forming Biochemical Reactions -- III. Conversion of Methionine to Ethylene in Model Systems -- IV. Methionine as a Biochemical Precursor of Ethylene -- V. Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis. , References -- Chapter 7. Biosynthesis of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids -- I. Biosynthesis of Saturated Fatty Acids -- II. Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids -- III. Termination Mechanisms -- References -- Chapter 8. The Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure of Triacylglycerols -- III. Accumulation of Triacylglycerols in Plant Cells -- IV. The Storage of Oil in Plant Cells -- V. Pathways for the Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols in Plants -- VI. Future Trends -- References -- Chapter 9. Phospholipid Biosynthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Phospholipid Composition of Tissues and Organelles -- III. Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipids -- IV. Enzymatic Steps of Phospholipid Biosynthesis -- V. The Use of Intact Tissue and Labeled Precursors for the Study of Phospholipid Metabolism -- VI. Factor Effecting Changes in Phospholipids -- VII. Turnover of Phospholipids -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. Phospholipid-Exchange Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. Organelles Involved in Membrane Lipid Biosynthesis -- III. Phospholipid Exchange in Vitro -- IV. Phospholipid-Exchange Proteins (PLEP) -- V. Phospholipid Exchange in Vivo -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11. Sulfolipids -- I. Introduction -- II. Identification and Characterization of Diacylsulfoquinovosylglycerol -- III. Occurrence and Distribution of Diacylsulfoquinovosylglycerol -- IV. Metabolism of Diacylsulfoquinovosylglycerol -- V. Possible Functions of Diacylsulfoquinovosylglycerol -- VI. Other Sulfur-Containing Lipids -- References -- Chapter 12. Plant Galactolipids -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure -- III. Occurrence and Distribution -- IV. Biological Function -- V. Metabolism -- References -- Chapter 13. Biochemistry of Terpenoids -- I. Introduction -- II. Hemiterpenes (Isoprene) (C5) -- III. Monoterpenes (C10). , IV. Sesquiterpenes (C15) -- V. Diterpenes (C20) -- VI. Sesterterpenes (C25) -- VII. Triterpenes (C30) -- VIII. Polyterpenes (C5) w -- IX. Prenols and Prenyl Side Chains -- X. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14. Carotenoids -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure and Nomenclature -- III. Chemistry -- IV. Distribution -- V. Biosynthesis -- VI. Function -- References -- Chapter 15. Biosynthesis of Sterols -- I. Introduction -- II. Cyclization of Squalene -- III. Alkylation Reactions -- IV. Opening of the Cyclopropane Ring -- V. Later Stages -- VI. Transformations Involving 24-Methylene Lophenol and 24-Ethylidene Lophenol -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16. Sterol Interconversions -- I. Introduction -- II. Analytical Data -- III. Metabolism -- IV. Physiological Observations -- V. Physical Properties -- VI. Function -- VII. Sterol Derivatives in Fungi -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17. Biosynthesis of Acetate-Derived Phenols (Polyketides) -- I. Introduction -- II. Early Considerations -- III. Biosynthesis of Phenols in Fungi -- IV. Biosynthesis of Phenols in Higher Plants -- V. Modifications of Assembly -- VI. Regulation of Phenol Synthesis in Fungi -- VII. Assembly Patterns -- References -- Chapter 18. Cutin, Suberin, and Waxes -- I. Introduction -- II. Chemistry of Cutin, Suberin, Sporopollenin, and Waxes -- III. Biosynthesis of Waxes, Cutin, and Suberin -- IV. Degradation of Waxes, Cutin, and Suberin -- V. Function of Cellular Lipids -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19. Biosynthesis of Cyclic Fatty Acids -- I. Introduction -- II. Cyclopropanoid and Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids -- III. Cyclopentenyl Fatty Acids -- IV. Other Cyclic Fatty Acids -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Contents of Other Volumes.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Current Argument on Early Man: Report from a Nobel Symposium -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 1. FROM LINNE TO LEAKEY:SIX SIGNPOSTSIN HUMAN EVOLUTION -- Linné and man -- Charles Darwin and man -- Eugene Dubois and Homo erectus -- Raymond Dart and Australopithecus -- Robert Broom muddies the water with A. robustas -- Leakey -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2. THE EXCAVATION OF THE CAVE ATCHOU-KOÜ-TIEN IN 1927 AND 1928:A POSTSCRIPT -- Chapter 3. CONSENSUS, CONTROVERSY AND COMPLICATIONS -- Introduction -- How? (Theory of science) -- When? (Chronology -- Who? (Human and non-human) -- Australopithecus in Asia? -- Australopithecus afarensis in the forest of phytogenies -- Homo erectus and Homo sapiens -- The importance of molecular data and their interpretations -- The oldest finds in central Europe -- Ecology -- Functional meaning of eyebrows -- Co-existence and sympatry -- More than one species during 0.5 million years before H. sapiens? -- Mono- or polycentricity? -- Population genetics -- Ecology: impact of magnetic reversals? -- Technology -- Osteological measurements -- Consensus? -- Process -- Retrospect (Moberg) -- Chapter 4. HOW MANY SPECIES OF HOMINIDS AT LAKE TURK ANA? -- Chapter 5. EARLY AFRICAN HOMINID PHYLOGENESIS:A RE-EVALUATION -- Introduction -- Hadar -- Laetolil -- Morphology of the Hadar and Laetolil hominids -- Taxonomic aspects -- Taxonomy of the Hadar and Laetolil hominids -- Phylogenetic implications of Australopithecus afarensis -- Summary and speculation -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6. HOMO ERECTUS ANDHUMAN EVOLUTION IN THEAFRICAN MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE -- Remains of Homo erectus -- Later mid-Pleistocene hominids -- Evolutionary patterns, hypotheses and problems -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Chapter 7. A SURVEY AND SYNTHESIS OF THE AFRICAN HOMINIDS OF THE LATE TERTIARY AND EARLY QUATERNARY PERIODS -- Limitations of time, space and systematics -- Phylogenetic reconstruction -- The temporal setting of African hominid-bearing sites -- Heads or tails? -- Some variables at the head-end -- Variability at the head-end -- Early and late lineages -- The place of Laetolil -- African hominids after 2.5 million years B.P. -- Cladogenesis of hominids in the late Pliocene -- The enigma of Taung -- References -- Chapter 8. EARLY MAN,ENVIRONMENT AND TOOLS -- Laetolil -- Olduvai Gorge -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. POSSIBLE WAYS OF ANALYSING THE TECHNIQUES OF EARLY MAN -- References -- Chapter 10. EUROPEAN HOMO ERECTUS AND THE ORIGIN OF HOMO SAPIENS -- References -- Chapter 11. PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIAN FAUNAS IN THE HOLARCTIC REGION -- Faunal sequences -- Case histories of mammalian orders -- Summary of migrations -- References -- Chapter 12. NEW MATERIALS OF SKELETAL REMAINS OF ANCIENT PEOPLES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE SOVIET UNION -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Chapter 13. THE PITHECANTHROPUS OF INDONESIA: PHENOTYPE, GENETICS AND ECOLOGY -- The Indonesian Pithecanthropines -- The phenotype -- The genotype -- The ecology -- Taxonomy -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14. NATURAL SELECTION AND GENETIC DRIFT IN EARLY MAN -- References -- Chapter 15. PALAEOANTHROPOLOGY IN THE NEW CHINA -- I. Fossils -- II. Early Palaeolithic Period -- III. Middle Palaeolithic period -- IV. Late Palaeolithic Period -- References -- Chapter 16.THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AUSTRALOPITHECUS AND HOMO -- PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS FROM THE OMO RESEARCH EXPEDITION'S STUDIES -- Í. Geology -- 2. Hominids -- 3. Culture and environment -- Conclusions. , Chapter 17. CASTING THE NET WIDE: A REVIEW OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR EARLY HOMINID LAND-USE AND ECOLOGICAL RELATIONS -- The narrative and the puzzles that it poses -- Rival explanations for the trend to brain enlargement -- Environments and land-use patterns 2.5 to 1.5 million years ago -- Movements and land-use patterns in comparable African environments -- Diet -- Formulating alternative models of adaptation -- 2,000,000 B C : The archaeological evidence -- Guesses about the factors which made the early-hominid pattern adaptive -- Adaptation, phylogeny and taxonomy -- Degrees of humanness -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Chapter 18. EVIDENCE USING VIRAL GENE SEQUENCES SUGGESTING AN ASIAN ORIGIN OF MAN -- References -- Chapter 19. MAJOR TRENDS IN HUMAN EVOLUTION -- Introduction -- Theoretical thoughts on theories -- A century of theories -- Recent work in Pakistan -- Some newer speculations -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Environment and Development in Africa -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- LIST OF DIAGRAMS -- LIST OF MAPS -- LIST OF TABLES -- INTRODUCTION -- Chapter One. CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES -- HOW MANY AFRICANS? -- HOW THE CONSTRAINTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT MAY BE LIMITED OR OVERCOME -- FINDING ANSWERS FOR BASIC NEEDS -- HOW HEALTHY IS AFRICA? -- A DIFFERENT KIND OF SETTLEMENT -- Chapter Two. SCENARIO 1: DEPENDENT GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL MISUSE -- Chapter Three. SCENARIO 2: GREATER ECONOMIC AUTONOMY, MORE ATTENTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Chapter Four. SCENARIO 3: ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT -- PROVISIONAL CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Microelectronics and Society: For Better or for Worse -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1. Introduction: A New Industrial Revolution or Just Another Technology? -- Microelectronics in the Home -- The Automated Factory -- The Automated Office -- The Contemporary Perspective -- The Political Consequences of Technological Development -- The Spectrum of Development -- The Coming Decades of Transition -- National Capacities for Science and Technology -- Microelectronics -- the Long-term Opportunities and Risks -- Employment, Occupation and the Renaissance of Society -- Chapter 2. The Technology -- Information as a Characteristic of Modern Society -- The Art of Computation -- Historical Developments -- Microelectronic Technology -- Microelectronics and Communications -- Microelectronics and Information -- Microelectronics and Automation -- Future Developments -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 3. The Technology Applied -- Introduction -- Product Applications -- Process Applications -- Effects upon the Infrastructure -- Exploding Opportunities: Microelectronics in Research and Development -- Rates of Diffusion -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4. The Impact on the Enterprise -- Radical Changes in Enterprises -- The Impact of Public Policies on the Enterprises -- Microelectronics Incorporated in Products -- Impact on Manufacturing Processes -- Impact on the Service Enterprises -- Impact on Administrative and Office Work -- Impact on the Overall Enterprise Organisation -- Chapter 5. The Worker and the Workplace -- Introduction -- The Quality of Work -- Microelectronics and Skills -- Microelectronics and Working Conditions -- Polarisation of Jobs -- Technological Alternatives -- The Industrial Relations Implications -- Chapter 6. Microelectronics and Macroeconomics -- Microelectronics-A Key Technology. , Production -- Administration and Offices -- The Capital-saving Effect -- How About a Post-industrial Society? -- Parts of the Service Sector with Decreasing Employment -- Parts of the Service Sector with Increasing Employment -- International Trade -- Centralisation versus Decentralisation -- The Employment Problem -- How About Software? -- Reduction of Working Time -- Qualitative Growth -- Chapter 7. A Third World Perspective -- Disparities Within and Among Nations -- The Impact of Microelectronics on Developing Countries -- Technological Changes and the Opportunities -- The Electronic Industry -- The Garment Industry -- Information Flows and Developing Countries -- Employment Prospects -- Information Technology and Development -- A Call for Action -- Chapter 8. Microelectronics in War -- Military Research and Development -- Nuclear-war Fighting Weapons -- Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) -- The Automated Battlefield -- Modern Avionics -- Electronic Warfare (EW) -- The Superpowers' Arms Race -- Worldwide Military Communications -- Military Electronics Outside the Superpowers -- Defensive Deterrence -- Military Science and the Increasing Probability of Nuclear World War -- Chapter 9. Information Technology and Society -- Information Technology and Microelectronics -- The Implications of Computing in Organisations -- Privacy and Autonomy of the Powerless Individual -- The Marriage of Computers and Communications -- Information Technology Impact: Myths and Reality -- Information Technology and Bureaucracy -- Chapter 10. Microelectronics and World Interdependence -- Microelectronics and Industrialisation -- Evolution of the Microelectronics Industry -- Microelectronics and the North-South Disparities - Risks and Opportunities -- Microelectronics and Industry in Countries of Different Types -- For Better or for Worse?. , Chapter 11. Occupation versus Work -- Work and Occupation -- In Which Domains will Occupation Remain Non-automated? -- Microelectronics and Automation -- Continuous Education as a Form of Universal Occupation -- Glossary of Technical Terms.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Nuclear Geophysics: Selected Papers on Applications of Nuclear Techniques in Mineral Exploration, Mining and Process Control -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- EDITORIAL -- Chapter 1. Coal Analysis by Nuclear Methods -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some General Characteristics of Nuclear Methods -- 3. Low Energy x-Ray Scattering -- 4. γ-Ray Scattering -- 5. Neutron Interaction Analysis -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. Natural γ -Radiation: A Steering Guide in Coal Seams -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Laboratory Analysis of the Technique -- 3. Coal Face Measurements -- 4. Some Features of Sensor Design and Performance -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Feasibility Studies of Low Energy γ -Ray Techniques for On-line Determination of Ash Content of Coal on Conveyors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Calculations for Narrow Beam Transmission Geometry -- 3. Experimental -- 4. Results and Discussion -- 5. Implications -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4. A Technique for Measuring the Ash Content of Coal in a Tailings Stream -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method of Measurement -- 3. Re-circulating Slurry Loop -- 4. Interference Effects in the Backscatter Energy Window -- 5. Coal Slurry Samples -- 6. Experimental Procedure with the Slurry Loop -- 7. Results -- 8. Data Handling and Accuracy -- 9. Equivalent Error in Ash Due to Counting Statistics -- 10. Conclusion -- Chapter 5. Determination of Solids Weight Fraction and Mineral Matter or Ash Concentration of Coal in Slurries -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Determination of Solids Weight Fraction -- 3. Determination of Solids Weight Fraction of Coal Slurries -- 4. Determination of Mineral Matter Content of Coal in Slurries -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 6. On-line Determination of the Ash Content of Coal Using a "Siroash" Gauge Based on the Transmission of Low and High Energy y-Rays -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Description of the Method -- 3. Sources of Error -- 4. Field Trial at the Gregory Mine -- 5. Results -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7. In-Situ Analysis of Coal by Measurement of Neutron-Induced Prompt γ -Rays -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fundamental Principles -- 3. Theoretical Treatment of the Method of Analysis -- 4. Experimental Investigations -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8. Multi-element Analysis of Coal During Borehole Logging by Measurement of Prompt γ -Rays from Thermal Neutron Capture -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Procedures -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Nuclear Geophysics in Prospecting, Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Fields -- Introduction -- 1. Nuclear-Geophysical Parameters as the Basis for Rock Measurements -- 2. Classification of the Nuclear-Geophysical Methods and their Relationship with Sedimentary Rock Physical Properties -- 3. Nuclear-Geophysical Methods -- 4. Major Development Trends in Apparatus Design -- 5. Problems Which can be Solved by Nuclear Geophysical Methods -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. Stochastic Approach to the Pulsed Neutron Logging Methods -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General Outline -- 3. Stochastic Process Approach -- 4. Estimation Problems -- 5. Nuclear Phenomena Involved in Neutron Logging -- 6. Direct Nuclear Well Logging Considerations -- 7. Final Remarks and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11. The Use of Steady State Neutron Flux Measurement to Determine the Size of an Invaded Region Following Fluid Injection -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 12. The Reduction of the Influence of Formation Properties on the Calibration of a Prompt γ -Ray Interaction Analysis Probe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13. Measurement of the Thermal Neutron Absorption Cross Section of Rock Samples -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Principles -- 3. Experimental Set-up -- 4. Experimental Results -- 5. Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 14. Advances in Gamma-Gamma Logging -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical Considerations -- 3. Calibration Curves -- 4. Applications -- 5. Future Development -- 6. Final Remarks and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15. The Application of Monte Carlo Computations to Formation Analysis by Neutron Interactions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Studies -- 3. Analysis by γ -Rays from Neutron Interactions -- 4. Log Interpretation -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16. Airborne γ -Ray Spectrometry in Uranium Exploration. Principles and Current Practice -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes -- 3. Geological Considerations -- 4. Factors Affecting the Radiation Flux Received by an Airborne γ -Ray Spectrometer -- 5. Factors Dependent on Equipment Configuration and Performance Which Affect Spectrometric Data -- 6. Spectrometer Calibration and Primary Corrections Normally Applied to Spectrometric Data -- 7. Instrumentation Used in Airborne γ-Ray Spectrometry -- 8. Processing of Recorded Spectrometric and Related Data -- 9. Future Trends in Airborne γ-Ray Spectrometry in Uranium Exploration -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17. Borehole Logging for Uranium by Measurement of Natural γ-Radiation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Factors Influencing the Measurement of Natural γ-Radiation in Borehole Logging for Uranium -- 3. Calibration -- 4. The Present State of Borehole γ-Ray Logging. , 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18. Uranium Logging with Prompt Fission Neutrons -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Principles -- 3. Probe Description -- 4. Data Analysis -- 5. Calibration -- 6. Commercialization -- References -- Chapter 19. The Operation and Life of the Zetatron Neutron Tube in a Borehole Logging Application -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tube Description -- 3. Life Experience -- 4. Application in Borehole Logging -- 5. Life Limitations -- 6. Conclusion -- 7. Summary -- References -- Chapter 20. Determination of the Concentration of Uranium in Soil and Stream Sediment Samples using a High Resolution Energy-dispersive x-Ray Fluorescence Analyser -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Characteristics of the Analyser -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 21. Uranium Isotopic Disequilibrium in Ground Water as an Indicator of Anomalies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Uranium Geochemical Cycle and its Geochemistry -- 3. Modelling Secondary Uranium Accumulations -- 4. Modelling Uranium Isotopes in Ground Water -- 5. Case Studies of Radionuclides in Frontal Systems -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 22. On-Stream Analysis of Metalliferous Ore Slurries -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Analysis Equations -- 3. Analysis Techniques -- 4. On Stream Analysis Systems -- 5. Benefits of On-stream Analysis -- 6. Future Developments -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 23. Application of a Microprocessor-based Portable XRF Analyzer in Minerals Analysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Description -- 3. Applications -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 24. Development and Application of Energy-dispersive x-ray Fluorescence Borehole Loggers and Drill Core Analysers at the Renison Tin Mine in Tasmania -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mineralogy Found at the Renison Tin Mine -- 3. Energy-dispersive x-ray Fluorescence Analysers -- 4. Calibration of the Analysers. , 5. Applications in which the Analysers have Provided Valuable Assistance in Exploration and Mine Development Programmes at the Renison Mine -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 25. A Universal Gamma-gamma Method for Simultaneous Determination of Rock and Ore Properties -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Universal γ-γ Method -- 3. Experimental -- 4. Results and Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 26. Fast Neutron Transport in Selected Materials Relevant to Large Volume Minerals Analysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Choice of Materials -- 3. Description of Neutron Flux Calculations -- 4. Analysis of Neutron Flux Distributions -- 5. Effective Source Spectra and (n,n'γ) Yields -- 6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 27. Water Analyses in Salt Deposits Used for Radioactive Waste Depositories -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Proposed Method -- 3. The Wet Borehole Problem -- 4. Sample Preparation -- 5. Experimental Measurements -- 6. Experimental Results -- 7. Summary -- References -- Chapter 28. Bulk Analysis Using Nuclear Techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Determination of Iron in Iron Ore by γ-Ray Backscatter -- 3. Detection of Shale in Sedimentary Iron Ores -- 4. Neutron Methods for the Analysis of Iron Ore -- 5. Determination of Alumina and Silica in Bauxite Ores -- 6. Determination of Ash and Ash Components in Coal -- 7. Determination of Manganese and Alumina in Manganese Ores -- 8. Measurement of Soil in Shredded Sugar Cane -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 29. The Combination of Multi-element Neutron Activation Analysis and Multivariate Statistics for Characterisation in Geochemistry -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mineralisation in Granite -- 3. The Identification of Diamond -- 4. The Identification of Stratigraphie Horizons in a Sedimentary Sequence -- 5. The Geochemical Characterisation of Coal Seams -- 6. Discussion and Conclusions. , References.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Solar Houses in Europe: How they have Worked -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION -- SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS -- DEMAND -- COLLECTORS -- HEAT STORAGE -- CIRCULATION AND CONTROL -- CHAPTER 2. HOW THE BUILDINGS HAVE PERFORMED -- ANNUAL PERFORMANCE -- MONTHLY PERFORMANCE -- DAILY PERFORMANCE -- CHAPTER 3. LESSONS FROM THE SURVEY -- CLIMATE -- BUILDING -- OCCUPANTS -- CONTROLS -- COMPONENT AND SYSTEM DESIGN -- COLLECTORS -- HEAT STORAGE -- CHAPTER 4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DESIGN -- COLLECTORS -- PRIMARY CIRCUIT -- HEAT STORAGE -- SYSTEM CONTROLS -- CHAPTER 5. STATISTICAL SUMMARIES -- TABLE 1 Climate -- TABLE 2 Building Parameters -- TABLE 3 System Parameters -- TABLE 4 Heating System -- TABLE 5 Annual Performance -- TABLE 6 Annual Performance -- TABLE 7 Annual Solar Contribution -- CHAPTER 6. MONITORING -- DESIGN -- INSTRUMENTATION -- DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS -- PROPOSAL FOR A LOW COST DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM -- PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR THE PROPOSED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM -- DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS -- GLOSSARY -- CHAPTER 7. REPORTS ON 31 PROJECTS -- LIST OF PROJECTS.