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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticotropin releasing factor increases the adrenocortical responsiveness to adrenocorticotropin (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1004-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; adrenocortical responsiveness ; ACTH ; plasma ; corticosterone ; plasma ; corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the course of studying the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone responses to synthetic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), we noted some disparity in the responses. A higher dose (20 μg compared with 5 μg per rat i.a.) produced an equal plasma ACTH but greater plasma corticosterone response in adult male rats. Thus, we examined the possibility that CRF increases adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH. CRF significantly (p〈0.0005) increased the plasma corticosterone response to ACTH in rats pretreated with dexamethasone. Thus, synthetic CRF increases corticosterone secretion in rats not only by stimulating ACTH secretion, but also by increasing the adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946481
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do prostaglandins mediate the somatostatin preventive effect on gastric lesion? (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 974-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; prostaglandins ; gastric lesion ; intragastric distension model ; stress model ; indomethacin ; somatostatin preventive effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin treatment blocks the somatostatin preventive effect on the gastric lesions induced in a stress model and has no preventive effect on an intragastric distension model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946466
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of catecholestrogens in the regulation of the ovarian cycle (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 231 (1982), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Ovarian cycle ; Physiology ; Catecholestrogens ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using highly stabilized catecholestrogen preparations-ascorbic acid added to the free alcohols or benzoic acid derivatives — 2- and 4-hydroxyestrogens were tested in simple, clearly defined animal models: As index for the peripheral action the influence on vaginal opening and uterus weight gain was monitored after continuous s.c. administration for 6 days (minipumps) in immature intact rats resulting in a relative estrogenic potency (estradiol = 100%) of 70–100% for 4-hydroxyestradiol and less than 30% for 2-hydroxyestradiol. As index for the central action LH levels were measured in adult ovx rats leading to the same relations in the relative potencies. As index for both central and peripheral actions LH levels and the formation of corpora lutea were investigated in animals with an intact but prepubertal feed-back loop, i.e. in 25-day-old immature rats. 4-Hydroxyestradiol in this model clearly triggered LH surges and induced ovulations, its potency being in the same range as that of estradiol. 2-Hydroxyestradiol, in comparable doses, again showed no significant effect. Finally, female immature animals known to ovulate 3 days after PMS injection were treated concomitantly with either primary or catecholestrogen-antibody preparations. Whereas the primary estrogen antibody significantly blocked ovulation, the 2- and 4-hydroxyestrogen antibodies were ineffective. If, however, PMS and estrogen-antibody treated animals were supplemented with 4-hydroxyestrogens, ovulations could be restored. Thereby, it was inferred that peripheral 4-hydroxyestrogens, though not essential for the physiology of reproduction, can completely replace the physiologically essential peripheral estradiol at central target sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111730
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ponto-cerebellar projection in the rat: Differential projections to sublobules of the uvula (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Pontine nuclei ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Microinjections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made in different sublobules of the uvula (lobule IX, a, b, and c of Larsell, 1952) of the cerebellar cortex in the rat. These injections resulted in retrograde labeling of cells located in the pontine nuclei. Sublobule IXa receives a predominant input from a single column of cells situated in a dorsointermediate position in the caudal pontine nuclei. Sublobules IXb and IXc receive a pontine projection from two different columns of cells, one medial and one lateral. The location of the labeled cells in the lateral part of the caudal pons suggests a topographic projection to the subdivisions of the uvula. Sublobule IXa receives a projection from a distinct dorsointermediate region and sublobule IXb and IXc receive a projection from partially overlapping ventral regions. The cells of origin in the medial pons are organized such that more dorsally located cells project to sublobule IXc and ventrally located cells project to sublobule IXb with extensive overlap. These differential patterns of projections to the sublobules of the uvula along with other data in the literature suggest that sublobule IXa may be involved with different functional correlates than sublobules IXb and IXc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237925
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytometric investigations in histochemically identified neurons — Changes of fluorescence intensities and nuclear diameters in dopamine neurons of the arcuate nucleus in the cycling rat (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Estrous cycle ; Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus ; Dopamine perikarya ; Cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relative formaldehyde-induced fluorescence intensities and the diameter of cell nuclei of fluorescent perikarya of the arcuate nucleus were recorded in serial cross-sectioned hypothalamic arcuate nuclei of regularly cycling rats (5 estrous and 4 proestrous animals). Stress-induced changes of cytometric parameters were avoided by preadaptation of animals to handling procedures. Dopamine neurons in a 75 μm thick periventricular layer of the arcuate nucleus exhibited significantly smaller nerve cell nuclei and significantly reduced relative fluorescence intensities in proestrous rats. Both of these cytometric parameters indicate a decrease in the activity of periventricular dopamine neurons of the arcuate nucleus. The reported findings might support the hypothesis that dopamine inhibits the release of LH-RH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236648
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation-dependent changes in synaptic effects on unit activity of medial preoptic nucleus neurones in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Amygdala ; Medial preoptic nucleus ; Median eminence ; Rat ; Synaptic plasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation-dependent changes in synaptic effects were observed in medial preoptic nucleus neurones during stimulation of the amygdala or pyriform cortex in anaesthetized female rats. The changes occurred after 35–240 triple pulse stimuli repeated at 0.89 Hz. Median eminence stimulation did not produce any synaptic change. These data show the existence of synaptic plasticity in the neural pathway from the amygdala and pyriform cortex to the medial preoptic nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237076
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of spinal projection neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat, studied with the HRP method (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal tract neuron ; Hypothalamus ; HRP ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and number of hypothalamospinal tract (HST) neurons were studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at various levels of the rat spinal cord. The hypothalamus was divided into four areas and one nucleus, that is, the dorsal (DHA), posterior (PHA), medial (MHA) and lateral (LHA) hypothalamic areas and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The total numbers of HST neurons labeled with HRP varied according to the injection levels: 6,160 (C2 injections), 3,808 (T8), 1,961 (L1), 919 (L7) and 13 (S4). With C2 injections LHA contained 3,464 neurons, which accounted for 56% of the full number of HST neurons; similarly, PVN, 1,114 (18%); MHA, 865 (14%); DHA and PHA, 817 (12%). With L7 injections, LHA contained 444 labeled neurons, which accounted for 48% of the total; PVN, 327 (36%); MHA, 71 (8%); DHA with PHA, 77 (8%). As for the rostrocaudal distribution of labeled neurons, there was only a slight difference between the C2 and L6 injections in LHA, but no difference was noticed in PVN, DHA nor PHA. The present findings suggest that 70% of HST neurons may project to the cervical and thoracic cords. Although the number of labeled HST neurons decreased as the injection sites were placed caudally, no clearcut topographical arrangement was recognized in terms of the spinal projection levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236665
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelations of the rat's thalamic reticular and dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 45 (1982), S. 217-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Thalamic reticular nucleus ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Electrophysiology ; HRP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological and neuroanatomical techniques have been used to study the properties of cells in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus (RNT) responsive to photic stimuli. In the rat these cells are located in a discrete region of the nucleus lying immediately rostral to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), where the visual field is represented in a retinotopic fashion. After injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into this area, neurones labelled with reaction product were found in the LGNd and not in other thalamic relay nuclei. After HRP injections into the LGNd, labelled RNT cells were found only within the region which contains neurones responsive to photic stimuli. These observations suggest that there is a precise reciprocal relation between the two areas. Studies and comparisons of the responses of relay cells (P cells) in LGNd and cells in RNT to electrical shocks lead us to conclude that RNT cells receive their excitation mainly via those relay cells in LGNd which are themselves excited by fast-conducting retinal ganglion cell axons. Such cells in LGNd have phasic responses and concentric receptive fields while RNT cells have phasic responses and on/off fields and a comparison of the receptive field sizes of P cells and RNT cells suggests that only a small number of LGNd relay cells converge on to each RNT cell. Further, although a particular functional class of relay cells in LGNd (Y-type) is shown to provide the major input to visually responsive RNT cells, both Y type and W type relay cells are subject to their inhibitory control. These results furnish evidence that cells in the RNT have an important role in modulating the flow of visual information from the LGNd to cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235781
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apomorphine-induced ipsilateral turning in rats with unilateral lesions of the parafascicular nucleus (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 47 (1982), S. 270-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Turning ; Parafascicular nucleus ; Fasciculus retroflexus ; Apomorphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Apomorphine, 2 mg/kg i.p., produced ipsilateral turning in rats with unilateral lesions in the parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus. The effect was completely blocked by the administration of haloperidol, 0.3 mg/kg i.p. There were no asymmetries by the lesions alone or after administration of haloperidol, 2 mg/kg i.p. to lesioned animals. In control experiments apomorphine produced a marked contralateral turning in animals with unilateral degeneration of the fasciculus retroflexus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239386
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of acute administration of cyclazocine on the metabolism of biogenic amines in different regions of rat brain (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cyclazocine ; Acute treatment ; Dopamine ; Noradrenaline ; Serotonin ; Monoamine metabolites ; Brain regional assay ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of cyclazocine on the metabolism of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in regions of rat brain were studied by measuring changes in the levels of the monoamines and their major metabolites. Doses ranging from 4–32 mg/kg were tested. Rats were sacrificed 1 or 2 h after administration of the drug, according to the experiment. Administration of cyclazocine significantly decreased DA concentration and increased the levels of DOPAC and HVA in striatum. Cyclazocine decreased the levels of NA, and markedly increased the levels of MHPG-SO4 and 5-HIAA in cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain and pons-medulla, while little change in 5-HT concentration, except a decrease after the highest dose, was observed. These changes in the metabolism of the monoamines differed in their amplitude and temporal nature. The possible roles of dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotoninergic neurons in different brain regions are discussed in relation to modifications of locomotor activity and the induction of bizarre behavior resulting from cyclazocine administration in rats. These investigations may add to the understanding of the mechanism of psychotomimetic effects produced in man by this drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433507
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