Note: Intro -- Forest and Nature Governance -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Prelude to Practice: Introducing a Practice Based Approach to Forest and Nature Governance -- 1.1…Introduction -- 1.2…Forest and Nature Governance -- 1.3…Three Models for Understanding Human Behaviour -- 1.4…The Turn to Practice in Forest and Nature Governance -- 1.5…Sensitising Concepts of the Practice Based Approach -- 1.6…Methodological Guidelines -- 1.7…The Book's Contents -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 From Practical Science to a Practice Based Approach: A Short History of Forest Policy Studies -- 2.1…Introduction -- 2.2…Practising Science: Kuhn's Disciplinary Matrix -- 2.3…Characteristics of Traditional Forestry Science -- 2.4…Forest Policy StudiesForest policy studies as Practical Science -- 2.5…Changes in Forest Policy -- 2.5.1 Emergence of New Forestry and Rural Development Policies -- 2.5.2 Embedding of Forest Policy into Environmental Policy -- 2.5.3 Incorporation of Forest Policy in Newly Emerging Governance Arrangements -- 2.5.4 Repercussions for Forest Policies -- 2.6…From Normative to Analytical Science -- 2.6.1 Changing Academic Orientation -- 2.7…Changes in the Disciplinary Matrix -- 2.8…Emergence of Critical Policy Studies -- 2.8.1 Impacts on Disciplinary Matrix -- 2.9…Conclusion -- References -- Part II Rethinking Institutions -- 3 Bricolage PracticesBricolage Practices in Local Forestry -- 3.1…Introduction -- 3.2…Critical InstitutionalismCritical Institutionalism and Institutional Bricolage -- 3.3…Bricolage PracticesBricolage Practices -- 3.4…Examples of Bricolage Practices From Different Parts of the World -- 3.5…Forest Conservation and Development in Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea -- 3.6…Logging Concessions and Indigenous Territory in BoliviaBolivia -- 3.7…Issuing Logging Permits in the DRC -- 3.8…Conclusions. , References -- 4 What Institutions Do: Grasping Participatory Practices in the Water Framework Directive -- 4.1…Introduction -- 4.2…What Participatory Institutions Do -- 4.3…Fields and Logics of Practice -- 4.4…The Practice of Participation in the WFD in the Netherlands -- 4.4.1 The Design and Organisation of Public Participation in the WFD -- 4.4.2 Extending and Improving the Public Sphere? -- 4.4.3 Changing the Logic of the Governance Network -- 4.4.4 The Economics of Participation -- 4.5…Conclusion: Grasping Participatory Practices -- Acknowledgments -- A.1. Annex 1: List and dates of interviewees cited in this chapter (all interviews were in Dutch and have been translated by the authors) -- References -- 5 Invited Spaces and Informal Practices in Participatory Community Forest Management in IndiaIndia -- 5.1…Introduction -- 5.2…Methodology and Research Context -- 5.2.1 Methodology -- 5.2.2 Selection of Research Site -- 5.2.3 Background Information on Adavipalli -- 5.2.4 Key Actors and Institutions in APCFM Intervention -- 5.2.5 GenderGender Policy in APCFM Intervention (Formal Provisions) -- 5.3…Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming -- 5.3.1 Self-ImagesSelf-images and Roles of Men and Women -- 5.3.1.1 Box 5.1 Self-imagesSelf-images of men and women of their roles in the household/community -- Box 5.2 Male and female VSS members on their practices -- 5.3.2 Actual Practices Around Womenrsquors Participation in Adavipalli VSS -- 5.4…Findings and Discussion -- 5.5…Implications for Future Gender Mainstreaming Projects -- References -- Government Orders -- Part III The Global-Local Nexus -- 6 Global Forest Governance: Multiple Practices of Policy PerformancePolicy Performance -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…The Assumed Failure of GlobalGlobal Forest Governance -- 6.3…Global Forest GovernanceGlobal Forest Governance: Regime or Non-Regime?. , 6.4…InstitutionsInstitutions, Discourses, Practices -- 6.5…Multiple Practices of Policy PerformancePolicy Performance -- 6.6…Global Forest Discourses and Norms -- 6.7…ParticipatoryParticipatory Forest ManagementParticipatory Forest Management in Babati District, TanzaniaBabati District, Tanzania -- 6.8…Forest CertificationForest Certification in Kikole, TanzaniaTanzania -- 6.9…Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 The Practice of Interaction Management: Enhancing Synergies Among Multilateral REDD+REDD+ Institutions -- 7.1…Introduction -- 7.2…Conceptualisation of Interaction Management as a Practice -- 7.3…The Practice of REDD+ Interaction Management -- 7.3.1 Introducing REDD+REDD+ -- Box 7.1: The Three Global REDD+REDD+ Programmes -- 7.3.1.0 -- 7.3.2 REDD+REDD+ Interaction Management -- 7.3.2.0 Developing a Common Umbrella Framework -- 7.3.2.0 Harmonised REDD+REDD+ Readiness Support -- 7.3.2.0 Safeguards -- 7.3.2.0 Governing Bodies -- 7.4…Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 8 How do Forest Markets Work? Exploring a Practice Perspective -- 8.1…Introduction -- 8.2…The Evolution of Markets -- 8.2.1 The Origins: The Market as a Location -- 8.2.2 The Market as an Observable Interface Between Sellers and Buyers -- 8.2.3 The Market as an Abstract Concept of Exchange -- 8.2.4 Markets as Institutional Arrangements -- 8.2.5 A Sociology of Markets -- 8.2.6 And Now, How Further? -- 8.3…Towards a New Approach: Markets as Practices -- 8.3.1 What are Practices? -- 8.3.2 Markets as Practices -- 8.4…The Certified Timber Market -- 8.5…Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part IV Representing Nature ? -- 9 Globalising Biodiversity: Scientific Practices of Scaling and Databasing -- 9.1…Global Biodiversity, Global Science -- 9.2…Databases, Standards and Categories -- 9.3…Scaling as Scientific Practice -- 9.4…The EBONEEBONE Project. , 9.5…Negotiating and Scaling Biodiversity Data -- 9.5.1 BootstrappingBootstrapping and the Use of Existing Data -- 9.5.2 Statistics -- 9.5.3 BiodiversityBiodiversity Indicators -- 9.5.4 The Network -- 9.5.5 Scaling UpScaling Up -- 9.6…Practices of Databasing and Scaling -- 9.7…Globalising Biodiversity -- References -- 10 Where Management Practices and Experiential Practices Meet: Public Support and Conflict in Ecosystem Management -- 10.1…Introduction -- 10.2…Experiential PracticeExperiential Practices -- 10.2.1 The Importance of the Material Context -- 10.2.2 The Importance of Knowing -- 10.2.3 The Importance of Emotions -- 10.2.4 RoutinesRoutines and Their Disturbance -- 10.3…Methods -- 10.3.1 Study Sites -- 10.3.2 Case Study 1---Visitor Behaviour in Dwingelderveld National ParkDwingelderveld National Park -- 10.3.3 Case Study 2---Perceived Attractiveness of Nature in Dwingelderveld National ParkDwingelderveld National Park -- 10.3.4 Case Study 3---The Emergence of Protest in Drents-Friese Wold National ParkDrents-Friese Wold National Park -- 10.4…Results -- 10.4.1 Case Study 1: The Material Context Defines Visitor Behaviour -- 10.4.2 Case Study 2: Hiking Visitors Find Restored Nature Attractive -- 10.4.3 Case Study 3: ESM Threatens Established Practices -- 10.5…Discussion -- References -- 11 Creating Scientific Narratives: Experiences in Constructing and Interweaving Empirical and Theoretical Plottheoretical plots -- 11.1…Researchers as 'Scientific' Narrators -- 11.2…Constructing Scientific Narratives and Being Accountable for Them -- 11.3…Reflection Upon Our Own Practice as Scientific Narrators -- 11.4…The Narrative of the Drentsche Aa -- 11.4.1 Setting the Scene -- 11.4.2 Eventualisation of the Case -- 11.4.3 Creating a Case Journal or Case Record -- 11.4.4 Selecting Key Events -- 11.4.5 The Hermeneutic Spiralhermeneutic spiral. , 11.4.6 Constructing the Narrative -- 11.5…Making One Narrative Out of the Narratives of the Yorkshire Dales, Doñana and the Veluwe -- 11.5.1 Setting the Scene -- 11.5.2 Selection of Cases -- 11.5.3 Eventualisation of the Case -- 11.5.4 Creating a Case Journal or Case Record -- 11.5.5 Selecting Key Themes -- 11.5.6 The Hermeneutic Spiralhermeneutic spiral -- 11.5.7 Constructing the Narrative -- 11.6…Comparing Our Experiences as Scientific Narrators -- 11.7…The Practice Based Approach and Researchers as Narrators -- References -- Part V Conclusion -- 12 The Promise of Practice: The Value of the Practice Based Approach for Forest and Nature Governance Studies -- 12.1…Introduction -- 12.2…Forest and Nature Practices -- 12.3…Revisiting the Three Sensitising Concepts -- 12.4…Establishing a Practice Based Approach -- 12.5…The Potential of the Practice Based Approach for Governance Studies -- 12.6…From Studies to Practice -- References -- Author Biographies -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments,Volume 2 -- Preface -- Letter from the Editorial Team -- Editorial Introduction -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Biodiversity Evolution and DataManagement -- 1 The Census of Antarctic Marine Life: The First Available Baseline for Antarctic Marine Biodiversity -- 1.1…History of the Project -- 1.1.1 The IPY Proposal -- 1.1.2 CAML Organization -- 1.1.3 CAML Scientific Targets -- 1.2…CAML Coordination Effort -- 1.2.1 CAML Main Expeditions -- 1.3…CAML Main Results -- 1.3.1 Distributional Records -- 1.3.2 Coordination with SCAR-MarBIN -- 1.3.3 DNA Barcoding -- 1.3.4 Published Results and Journal Special Issues -- 1.3.5 Workshop Organisation -- 1.4…The CAML Legacy -- 1.5…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- 2 Connecting Biodiversity Data During the IPY: The Path Towards e-Polar Science -- 2.1…IPY and the Need for Data Sharing -- 2.2…The Antarctic Biodiversity Data Ecosystem -- 2.3…Findings and Motivations -- 2.4…The Biodiversity Data Paper Concept -- 2.5…The Future: Towards True Integration -- 2.6…Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Evolution: A Molecular Perspective -- 3 Southern Ocean Evolution in a Global Context: A Molecular Viewpoint -- 3.1…A Brief Climatic, Oceanographic and Tectonic History of the Southern Ocean -- 3.2…The Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a Barrier -- 3.3…Connectivity with Other Oceans -- 3.3.1 Southern Ocean: Source and Sink? -- 3.3.2 Difficulties in Dating Evolutionary Events to Relate Them to Climate Change -- 3.3.3 Cosmopolitan Species -- 3.3.4 Bipolar Species -- 3.4…Connectivity within the Southern Ocean -- 3.4.1 The Southern Ocean as a Biodiversity Hotspot -- 3.4.2 Cryptic Species -- 3.4.3 Eurybathy and Circumpolarity -- 3.5…Summary and Future Directions for Molecular Work -- Acknowledgments -- References. , 4 Pole-to-Pole Gene Flow in Protozoan Ciliates -- 4.1…Backgrounds -- 4.2…Ciliate Biodiversity at the Poles -- 4.3…Ciliate Mating Systems -- 4.4…Collection Sites and Polar Euplotes Species -- 4.5…Phylogenetic Relationships -- 4.6…Mating and Breeding Interactions -- 4.7…Preliminary Evidence of Pole-to-Pole Gene Flow in Nature -- 4.8…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Excess Oxygen in Polar Evolution: A Whole Organism Perspective -- 5.1…Living Conditions in Antarctic Marine Waters -- 5.2…A Unifying Concept: Oxygen and Capacity Limitation of Thermal Tolerance -- 5.3…Antarctic Challenges: Physiological Pathways of Adapting to Cold -- 5.3.1 Marine Crustaceans -- 5.3.2 At the Doorstep to Antarctica: Sub-Antarctic Stone Crabs -- 5.4…Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Catalysis and Protein Folding in Extreme Temperature Environments -- 6.1…Introduction -- 6.2…The Thermophiles -- 6.2.1 The Stability Problem -- 6.2.2 Activity and Stability -- 6.2.3 Folding at High Temperature -- 6.2.3.1 GroEL/GroES -- 6.2.3.2 DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE -- 6.2.3.3 The Trigger Factor -- 6.2.4 Partial Conclusion -- 6.3…The Psychrophiles -- 6.3.1 Enzyme Activity at Low Temperatures -- 6.3.2 Folding at Low Temperatures -- 6.4…Conclusions -- References -- Part III Monitoring and Management -- 7 Changing the Look on Seals from Pole to Pole with Satellite Technology -- 7.1…Satellites in Seal Research -- 7.2…Antarctic Seals -- 7.2.1 Crabeater Seal (Lobodon carcinophagus) -- 7.2.2 Ross Seal (Ommatophoca rossii) -- 7.2.3 Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) -- 7.2.4 Spatial Segregation of Antarctic Phocid Seals -- 7.3…Arctic Seals -- 7.3.1 Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) -- 7.3.1.1 Greenland Sea -- 7.3.1.2 White Sea -- 7.3.2 Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata) -- 7.4…Adaptations to Diving -- References. , 8 Environmental Processes, Biodiversity and Changes in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica -- 8.1…Introduction -- 8.2…Environmental Processes -- 8.2.1 Atmosphere -- 8.2.2 Terrestrial Environment -- 8.2.3 Marine Environment -- 8.2.3.1 Physical Setting -- 8.2.3.2 Hydrochemistry -- 8.2.3.3 Geophysics and Geochemistry -- 8.2.3.4 Marine Life -- 8.3…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Environmental Assessment of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica -- 9.1…Introduction -- 9.2…Study Area -- 9.3…Environmental Assessment -- 9.3.1 Atmospheric Environment -- 9.3.2 Terrestrial Environment -- 9.3.3 Marine Environment -- 9.4…Monitoring Strategy Proposal -- 9.4.1 Terrestrial Environment Indicators -- 9.4.2 Marine Environment Indicators -- 9.5…Final Considerations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Anthropogenic Impacts on Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Islands and the Adjacent Marine Environments -- 10.1…Introduction -- 10.2…Southern Ocean: Anthropogenic Pressures -- 10.2.1 Climate Change -- 10.2.2 Human Activity in Antarctica -- 10.2.3 Sealing, Whaling and Fisheries -- 10.2.4 Tourism -- 10.2.5 Invasive Species -- 10.2.6 Offshore Exploration, Military and Scientific Activities -- 10.3…Marine Environmental Management -- 10.4…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Polar Monitoring: Seabirds as Sentinels of Marine Ecosystems -- 11.1…The Global Importance of Polar Monitoring -- 11.2…Seabirds as Bio-Indicators -- 11.2.1 High Trophic Level Position -- 11.2.2 Diversity of Species and Food Web Interactions -- 11.2.3 Wide Sampling Range -- 11.2.4 Autonomous Environmental Samplers -- 11.3…Understanding Seabird Responses to Environmental Patterns Can Help Us Gauge the Adaptive Capacities to Future Climate Changes -- 11.3.1 Phenotypic Flexibility and Plasticity -- 11.3.1.1 Phenology -- 11.3.1.2 Foraging Strategies. , 11.3.1.3 Dispersal -- 11.3.2 Microevolutionary Processes -- 11.3.2.1 Selection -- 11.3.2.2 Genetic Drift -- 11.3.2.3 Genetic Flow -- 11.3.3 Integrating Phenotypic and Microevolutionary Approaches -- 11.4…Polar Life Observatories to Track Changes of Polar Ecosystems -- 11.4.1 What are Life Observatories? -- 11.4.1.1 Demographic Monitoring -- 11.4.1.2 Genetic Assessment and Monitoring -- 11.4.1.3 Bio-Monitoring Pollution -- 11.4.1.4 Foraging Monitoring -- 11.4.2 Innovative Technology Development and Ethics -- 11.5…Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Conclusions -- Perspectives and Implications.

Note: The International Climate Regimeand its Driving-Forces: Obstacles and Chances on the Way to a Global Response to the Problem of Climate Change -- Table of content -- Table of figures -- Appendixes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Scientific and economical consequences of anthropogenic climate change -- 2.1. The natural and anthropogenic greenhouse effect -- 2.1.1. The IPCC and its 4th Assessment Report -- 2.1.2. The Stern Review and the economics of climate change -- 3. The regime theory -- 3.1. Three schools of thought within the theory of international regime -- 3.1.1. The interest-based approach -- 3.1.1.1. Two-level games -- 3.1.2. The power-based approach -- 3.1.3. The knowledge-based approach -- 3.2. Application of the three approaches to the issue area of climate change -- 4. The issue area of climate change current climate regime -- 4.1. The current climate change regime -- 4.1.1. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change -- 4.1.2. The Kyoto-Protocol -- 4.1.2.1. The exit of the USA from the Kyoto Protocol -- 4.1.2.2. Basic weaknesses of the Kyoto Protocol -- 4.1.3. The Bali roadmap -- 4.2. Priorities of the main actors -- 4.2.1. The United States of America -- 4.2.1.1. Obama's New Climate Policy -- 4.2.2. China -- 4.2.2.1. China's plead for consumption-based inventories -- 4.3. International negotiations for a post-2012 agreement in Copenhagen and Cancún -- 5. Analysis of the driving-forces of the climate regime -- 5.1. The effectiveness and robustness of regimes -- 5.2. The driving-forces of the international climate regime and its consequences for the effectiveness of the regime -- 5.2.1. Analysis of the current climate regime -- 5.2.2. Analysis of the negotiations for a post-2012 agreement -- 5.2.3. Outlook regarding the regime's potential future driving-forces -- 5.2.3.1. A shift in Obama's political priority setting. , 5.2.3.2. Developments at the state level in the US -- 5.3. Conclusion -- References -- Monographs -- Scientific papers in omnibus volumes -- Articles in refereed journals -- Scientific publications -- Newspaper and magazine articles -- Internet sources (chronological after usage in the text) -- Appendixes -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Appendix 5 -- Appendix 6 -- Appendix 7 -- Appendix 8 -- Appendix 9 -- Appendix 10 -- Appendix 11 -- Appendix 12.